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\u56fe\u6e90\uff1aMRonline\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa20\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u5df2\u7136\u6210\u4e3a\u53cd\u6b96\u6c11\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u7acb\u573a\u6700\u575a\u5b9a\u3001\u6597\u4e89\u6700\u52c7\u731b\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u5f7c\u65f6\uff0c\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u7acb\u573a\u65f6\u5e38\u6447\u6446\u4e0d\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u5374\u57281921\u5e74\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u827e\u54c8\u8fc8\u8fbe\u5df4\u5fb7\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\uff0c\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u8981\u6c42\u5f7b\u5e95\u8131\u79bb\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u7edf\u6cbb\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b8c\u5168\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u51b3\u8bae\u6848\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bc9\u6c42\u6700\u521d\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u7684\u5426\u51b3\u3002\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u8054\u5408\u5de5\u519c\u515a\uff08the Workers and Peasants Party\uff09\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5de5\u4eba\u4e0e\u519c\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u5c06\u5168\u5370\u5de5\u4f1a\u5927\u4f1a\uff08All India Trade Union Congress\uff09\u548c\u5168\u5370\u519c\u6c11\u534f\u4f1a\uff08All India Kisan Sabha\uff09\u6253\u9020\u4e3a\u6781\u5177\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u7fa4\u4f17\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002<\/p>\n

1936\u5e74\uff0c\u5168\u5370\u5ea6\u5b66\u751f\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\uff08All India Students\u2019 Federation\uff09\u5ba3\u544a\u6210\u7acb\uff1b\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u8fdb\u6b65\u4f5c\u5bb6\u534f\u4f1a\uff08the Progressive Writers\u2019 Association\uff09\u76f8\u7ee7\u8bde\u751f\uff1b1943\u5e74\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u6c11\u620f\u5267\u534f\u4f1a\uff08the Indian People\u2019s Theatre Association\uff09\u4e5f\u6b63\u5f0f\u7ec4\u5efa\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c06\u9769\u547d\u610f\u8bc6\u64ad\u6492\u5230\u5370\u5ea6\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u9636\u5c42\u3002\u800c\u771f\u6b63\u5c06\u5370\u5ea6\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u9769\u547d\u6f5c\u529b\u5c55\u73b0\u5f97\u6dcb\u6f13\u5c3d\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u5c5e1946\u81f31951\u5e74\u7684\u7279\u4f26\u7518\u7eb3\u6b66\u88c5\u6597\u4e89\u3002\u5728\u6d77\u5fb7\u62c9\u5df4\u5c3c\u624e\u59c6\uff08Nizam\uff09\u653f\u6743\u7684\u5c01\u5efa\u7b49\u7ea7\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u519c\u6c11\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u627f\u53d7\u65e0\u507f\u52b3\u5f79\uff08vetti\uff09\u7684\u538b\u69a8\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u4f1a\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u5546\u54c1\u4e70\u5356\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u5728\u6b64\u5730\u9886\u5bfc\u4e861857\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u89c4\u6a21\u6700\u4e3a\u6d69\u5927\u7684\u519c\u6c11\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u573a\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u5b59\u8fbe\u62c9\u4e9a\uff08P. Sundarayya\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e0d\u673d\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u7279\u4f26\u7518\u7eb3\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u53ca\u5176\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6559\u8bad\u300b\uff08Telangana People\u2019s Struggle and its Lessons\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u8be6\u5b9e\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u6e38\u51fb\u961f\u5458\u4eec\u4ec5\u51ed\u5c11\u91cf\u67aa\u652f\u3001\u6728\u68cd\u3001\u5f39\u5f13\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u575a\u5b9a\u4e0d\u79fb\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\uff0c\u4fbf\u594b\u8d77\u5bf9\u6297\u5c3c\u624e\u59c6\u738b\u516c\u7684\u519b\u961f\u53ca\u5176\u201c\u62c9\u624e\u5361\u5c14\u6c11\u5175\u6b66\u88c5\u201d\uff08Razakar militia\uff09\u3002\u5987\u5973\u4eec\u3001\u7537\u4eba\u4eec\u5e76\u80a9\u4f5c\u6218\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u5b88\u536b\u5bb6\u56ed\u3002\u8d77\u4e49\u9f0e\u76db\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u8005\u57284000\u4f59\u4e2a\u6751\u5e84\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6751\u793e\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u638c\u63a7\u533a\u57df\u9762\u79ef\u8fbe15000\u5e73\u65b9\u82f1\u91cc\uff0c\u8986\u76d6\u4eba\u53e3400\u4e07\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7ea6100\u4e07\u82f1\u4ea9\u571f\u5730\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u65e0\u5730\u519c\u6c11\u3002\u8fd9\u573a\u8fd0\u52a8\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u9769\u547d\u6027\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u9769\uff1a\u79cd\u59d3\u58c1\u5792\u88ab\u64bc\u52a8\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u53c2\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u5c01\u5efa\u82db\u6350\u6742\u7a0e\u88ab\u5f7b\u5e95\u5e9f\u9664\u3002\u6597\u4e89\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ea6\u67094000\u4eba\u58ee\u70c8\u727a\u7272\uff0c\u903e\u4e07\u4eba\u88ab\u6295\u5165\u76d1\u72f1\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c1946\u5e74\u5728\u5580\u62c9\u62c9\u90a6\u7206\u53d1\u7684\u666e\u7eb3\u666e\u62c9-\u74e6\u4e9a\u62c9\u5c14\u8d77\u4e49\uff08the Punnapra-Vayalar uprising\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u5de5\u519c\u7fa4\u4f17\u594b\u8d77\u53cd\u6297\u7279\u62c9\u51e1\u54e5\u5c14\u571f\u90a6\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002\u5728\u5b5f\u52a0\u62c9\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u7279\u5df4\u52a0\u8fd0\u52a8\uff08The Tebhaga movement\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u4f43\u519c\u5e94\u83b7\u5f97\u6536\u6210\u7684\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e8c\u3002\u5c24\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5b5f\u52a0\u62c9\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u6559\u6d3e\u9a9a\u4e71\u6108\u6f14\u6108\u70c8\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u8fd9\u573a\u8fd0\u52a8\u51ed\u501f\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u65d7\u5e1c\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e86\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u5f92\u4e0e\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7684\u56e2\u7ed3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u51e1\u662f\u5168\u5370\u519c\u6c11\u534f\u4f1a\u5177\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u5747\u672a\u7206\u53d1\u6559\u6d3e\u66b4\u529b\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6709\u529b\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u9636\u7ea7\u89c9\u609f\u662f\u6d88\u89e3\u6559\u6d3e\u4ec7\u6068\u7684\u4e00\u5242\u826f\u65b9\u2014\u2014\u5728\u5f53\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6559\u8bad\u4f9d\u7136\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u610f\u4e49\u3002\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u6c11\u4e3b\u5efa\u8bbe\u6210\u5c31\u4e0e\u5e1d\u56fd\u52bf\u529b\u98a0\u8986\u884c\u5f841957\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u5357\u5e03\u8fea\u91cc\u5df4\u5fb7\uff08E.M.S.Namboodiripad\uff09\u5ba3\u8a93\u5c31\u4efb\u5580\u62c9\u62c9\u90a6\u9996\u5e2d\u90e8\u957f\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u9635\u8425\u4e4b\u5916\u9996\u4e2a\u7ecf\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u9009\u4e3e\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u8be5\u5c4a\u653f\u5e9c\u57281959\u5e747\u6708\u88ab\u89e3\u6563\u524d\uff0c\u6267\u653f\u65f6\u957f\u867d\u4ec528\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e3a\u5580\u62c9\u62c9\u90a6\u65e5\u540e\u53d6\u5f97\u9886\u5148\u5168\u56fd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u5c31\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u575a\u5b9e\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5580\u90a6\u300a\u571f\u5730\u5173\u7cfb\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08The Agrarian Relations Bill\uff09\u7684\u51fa\u53f0\uff0c\u5bf9\u5c01\u5efa\u5730\u4e3b\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u51b2\u51fb\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u300a\u6559\u80b2\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u5219\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u79cd\u59d3\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5bf9\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u5784\u65ad\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e3e\u63aa\u5e76\u975e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u5728\u72ec\u7acb\u6597\u4e89\u65f6\u671f\u627f\u8bfa\u63a8\u884c\u3001\u5374\u59cb\u7ec8\u672a\u80fd\u5151\u73b0\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u6539\u9769\u3002\u5357\u5e03\u8fea\u91cc\u5df4\u5fb7\uff08E.M.S.Namboodiripad\uff09\u3002\u56fe\u6e90\uff1aThe New Comrade\u5404\u65b9\u7684\u53cd\u6251\u6765\u52bf\u6c79\u6c79\u3002\u8fd9\u573a\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u89e3\u653e\u6597\u4e89\u201d\uff08Vimochana Samaram\uff09\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u4e86\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f1a\u3001\u5948\u5c14\u670d\u52a1\u534f\u4f1a\uff08the Nair Service Society\uff0c\u5580\u62c9\u62c9\u90a6\u5948\u5c14\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6539\u9769\u4e0e\u5229\u76ca\u4ee3\u8868\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u521b\u7acb\u4e8e1914\u5e74\u3002\u5948\u5c14\u793e\u7fa4\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\u5c5e\u4e0a\u5c42\u79cd\u59d3\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u6b66\u58eb\u2014\u5730\u4e3b\u9636\u5c42\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u5728\u5580\u62c9\u62c9\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u519b\u4e8b\u4e0e\u571f\u5730\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u5360\u636e\u663e\u8457\u5730\u4f4d\uff09\u3001\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u8054\u76df\u548c\u56fd\u5927\u515a\uff0c\u6380\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7834\u574f\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u6d41\u4f20\u7684\u731c\u6d4b\uff0c\u7ec8\u56e0\u4e00\u6279\u60c5\u62a5\u6863\u6848\u7684\u89e3\u5bc6\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u8bc1\u5b9e\u2014\u2014\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e2d\u592e\u60c5\u62a5\u5c40\uff08CIA\uff09\u53ca\u82f1\u56fd\u519b\u60c5\u4e94\u5904\u3001\u516d\u5904\u66fe\u79d8\u5bc6\u7b56\u5212\u5e76\u5b9e\u65bd\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u610f\u56fe\u63a8\u7ffb\u5357\u5e03\u8fea\u91cc\u5df4\u5fb7\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7M\u00b7\u9ea6\u52a0\u5c14\uff08Paul M. McGarr\uff09\u8fd1\u671f\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u6863\u6848\u4e2d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u9886\u8896\u4e0e\u5de5\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8005\u66fe\u88ab\u53ec\u81f3\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u9ad8\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u53cd\u5171\u57f9\u8bad\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e2d\u592e\u60c5\u62a5\u5c40\u8fd8\u5411\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u653f\u5ba2\u53ca\u53cd\u5171\u5de5\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u8d44\u91d1\u652f\u6301\u3002\u540e\u6765\u51fa\u4efb\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u5370\u5ea6\u5927\u4f7f\u7684\u4e39\u5c3c\u5c14\u00b7\u5e15\u7279\u91cc\u514b\u00b7\u83ab\u4f0a\u5c3c\u6c49\uff08Daniel Patrick Moynihan\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u51761978\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u5371\u9669\u4e4b\u5730\u300b\uff08A Dangerous Place\uff09\u4e2d\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4ecb\u5165\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u51fa\u6b64\u4e3e\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u9632\u6b62\u201c\u66f4\u591a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5580\u62c9\u62c9\u90a6\u7684\u653f\u6743\u51fa\u73b0\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

1959\u5e747\u670831\u65e5\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u603b\u7edf\u62c9\u91d1\u5fb7\u62c9\u00b7\u666e\u62c9\u8428\u5fb7\uff08Rajendra Prasad\uff09\u63f4\u5f15\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c356\u6761\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u6ee5\u7528\u5baa\u6cd5\u6761\u6b3e\u6253\u538b\u975e\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5148\u4f8b\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u5f84\u5728\u6b64\u540e\u7684\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u95f4\u53cd\u590d\u4e0a\u6f14\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u5370\u5ea6\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c356\u6761\u5141\u8bb8\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u201c\u65e0\u6cd5\u6309\u5baa\u6cd5\u8fd0\u4f5c\u201d\u65f6\u63a5\u7ba1\u90a6\u653f\u6743\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5580\u62c9\u62c9\u90a6\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u9057\u4ea7\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u97e7\u6027\u3002\u5de6\u7ffc\u6c11\u4e3b\u9635\u7ebf\u5728\u8be5\u90a6\u7684\u6267\u653f\u65f6\u95f4\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u5176\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u7a0b\u7684\u5927\u534a\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8ba9\u5580\u62c9\u62c9\u90a6\u62e5\u6709\u4e86\u5370\u5ea6\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u8bc6\u5b57\u7387\u3001\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u6307\u6807\u4e0e\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u52b3\u5de5\u4fdd\u969c\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u66f4\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u7ef4\u6cbb\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\u57fa\u672c\u6839\u9664\u4e86\u6781\u7aef\u8d2b\u56f0\u3002\u5728\u897f\u5b5f\u52a0\u62c9\u90a6\uff0c\u5de6\u7ffc\u9635\u7ebf\u66fe\u8fde\u7eed\u6267\u653f34\u5e74\uff081977-2011\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4efb\u671f\u521b\u4e0b\u4e86\u5168\u7403\u6c11\u9009\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u653f\u5e9c\u8fde\u7eed\u6267\u653f\u65f6\u957f\u7684\u7eaa\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u65e0\u8bba\u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u7248\u56fe\u5448\u73b0\u4f55\u79cd\u683c\u5c40\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc3\u4e2d\u90a3\u4e2a\u6446\u8131\u5265\u524a\u4e0e\u538b\u8feb\u3001\u6d88\u9664\u79cd\u59d3\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0e\u6559\u6d3e\u4e3b\u4e49\u684e\u688f\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5370\u5ea6\u4e4b\u68a6\uff0c\u4f9d\u65e7\u672a\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u6216\u8bb8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4fbf\u662f\u767e\u5e74\u5f81\u7a0b\u7559\u7ed9\u540e\u4eba\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u542f\u793a\uff1a\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u4ecd\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u7b80\u4ecb\uff1a\u62c9\u8d3e\u30fb\u83ab\u6c49\uff08C Raja Mohan\uff09\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u8d44\u6df1\u56fd\u9645\u6218\u7565\u8bc4\u8bba\u5bb6\u4e0e\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u73b0\u4e3a\u4e9a\u6d32\u534f\u4f1a\u653f\u7b56\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u975e\u5e38\u9a7b\u6770\u51fa\u7814\u7a76\u5458\uff0c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u56fd\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u5357\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5ba2\u5ea7\u7814\u7a76\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u66fe\u51fa\u4efb\u8be5\u6240\u6240\u957f\u3002\u963f\u56fe\u5c14\u30fb\u94b1\u5fb7\u62c9\uff08Atul Chandra\uff09\uff0c\u4e09\u5927\u9646\u793e\u4f1a\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u4e9a\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u90e8\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u3001\u8054\u5e2d\u534f\u8c03\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u7efc\u5408\u7f16\u8bd1\u81ea\u300a\u5370\u5ea6\u5feb\u62a5\u300b\u3001\u201cOutlook\u201d\u65b0\u95fb\u7f512025\u5e7412\u670817\u65e5\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u539f\u6807\u9898\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\uff1aC Raja Mohan writes: Indian Communism is 100 years old. And it\u2019s too early to write its obituary\u3001A Century of Red: The Indian Communist Movement\uff0c\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\uff1ahttps:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/opinion\/columns\/c-raja-mohan-writes-indian-communism-is-100-years-old-and-its-too-early-to-write-its-obituary-10424059\/<\/a>\uff1b<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.outlookindia.com\/national\/a-century-of-red-the-indian-communist-movement<\/a>\u7f16\u8f91\uff1a\u5b8b\u53ef\u99a8\u5ba1\u6838\uff1a\u9648\u73cf\u53ef \u6c5f\u6021<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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