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\u4e09\u3001\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6210\u679c\u8fc7\u53bb\u56db\u5341\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u957f\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e14\u589e\u957f\u7387\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002\u5370\u5ea6<\/h2>\n

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\u4f46\u81ea\u6b64\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u80c0\u7387\u9010\u6b65\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u4e8e2018-2019\u5e74\u964d\u81f33-5%\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u6c47\u7387\u7ba1\u7406\u4e5f\u5341\u5206\u5ba1\u614e\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u6c47\u7387\u4ece\u56fa\u5b9a\u6c47\u7387\u9010\u6e10\u8f6c\u5411\u6d6e\u52a8\u6c47\u7387\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u56e0\u9ad8\u6c47\u7387\u800c\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u5371\u673a\u3002\u636e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u8861\u91cf\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u81ea1995\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u768425\u5e74\u95f4\u4ece\u672a\u5411\u56fd\u9645\u8d27\u5e01\u57fa\u91d1\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5bfb\u6c42\u63f4\u52a9\u3002\u622a\u81f32019\u5e7411\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u5916\u6c47\u50a8\u5907\u5df2\u8d85\u8fc74400\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u4f4d\u5c45\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u516d\u4f4d\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u901a\u80c0\u63a7\u5236\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u538c\u6076\u901a\u80c0\u201d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5927\u91cf\u8d2b\u56f0\u4eba\u53e3\u5bf9\u901a\u80c0\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\u5c24\u4e3a\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u5374\u624b\u63e1\u5927\u91cf\u9009\u7968\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u8c61\u4f7f\u5f97\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u4e2d\u592e\u94f6\u884c\uff08\u5370\u5ea6\u50a8\u5907\u94f6\u884c\uff09\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4f20\u7edf\u6cd5\u5b9a\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u4e5f\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u63a7\u5236\u901a\u80c0\u9884\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u4e0e\u5173\u952e\u670d\u52a1\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6210\u679c\u81ea\u72ec\u7acb\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u4e03\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6307\u6807\u6709\u4e86\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u88682\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u67d0\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u6307\u6807\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u88683\u5219\u91cd\u70b9\u5173\u6ce820\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fdb\u6b65\u662f\u5426\u63a9\u76d6\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u670d\u52a1\u8d28\u91cf\u4f4e\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u67d0\u4e9b\u5bb6\u5ead\u62e5\u6709\u7535\u529b\u6216\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u4f9b\u5e94\uff0c\u4f46\u653f\u5e9c\u670d\u52a1\u8d28\u91cf\u5e76\u65e0\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6279\u8bc4\u6709\u5176\u5408\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u8ff9\u8c61\u8868\u660e\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u670d\u52a1\u8d28\u91cf\u66f4\u597d\uff0c\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u5e76\u975e\u5b8c\u5168\u4ee5\u8d28\u91cf\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002\u8868\u4e8c\uff0c\u56fe\u6e90\uff1a\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5c55\u671b\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u8868\u4e09\uff0c\u56fe\u6e90\uff1a\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5c55\u671b\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u89c4\u5212\u3001\u534f\u8c03\u548c\u878d\u8d44\u63a8\u52a8\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u9886\u57df\uff08\u5982\u7535\u529b\u4f9b\u5e94\u6216\u9053\u8def\u8fde\u901a\uff09\u4e0a\u8fdb\u5c55\u8f83\u4e3a\u663e\u8457\u3002<\/p>\n

2015\u5e74\uff0c\u5370\u5ea688%\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u80fd\u591f\u7528\u7535\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bd4\u4f8b\u8fdc\u9ad8\u4e8e\u4f9d\u636e\u7535\u6c14\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0e\u4eba\u5747GDP\u7684\u8de8\u56fd\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u6240\u9884\u671f\u768466%\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u6d89\u53ca\u201c\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u201d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e60\u60ef\u548c\u504f\u597d\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u5219\u8f83\u4e3a\u7f13\u6162\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c2015\u5e74\uff0c\u5370\u5ea639%\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u4f9d\u7136\u9732\u5929\u6392\u4fbf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5927\u5927\u9ad8\u4e8e\u6309\u4eba\u5747GDP\u7b80\u5355\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u9884\u671f\u768414%\u3002\u5728\u5987\u5973\u548c\u513f\u7ae5\u798f\u5229\u7b49\u9886\u57df\uff08\u5982\u88683\u6240\u793a\uff09\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6548\u7387\u4e5f\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\u6027\u522b\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e25\u91cd\u5931\u8861\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u91cd\u7537\u8f7b\u5973\u7684\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7981\u6b62\uff0c\u5374\u4ecd\u672a\u663e\u8457\u6539\u5584\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001\u5173\u952e\u804c\u80fd\u7684\u5076\u53d1\u6027\u4e0e\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u4ea4\u4ed8\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c<\/h2>\n

\u5728\u5076\u53d1\u6027\u4ea4\u4ed8\u548c\u95ee\u8d23\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u66f4\u597d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u65e6\u4efb\u52a1\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u673a\u6784\u5c31\u4f1a\u81ea\u7136\u89e3\u6563\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c06\u4e3e\u4f8b\u4e09\u4e2a\u8d1f\u8d23\u5173\u952e\u804c\u80fd\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u548c\u6cd5\u5b9a\u673a\u6784\u3002\u4e00\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u9009\u4e3e\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08Election Commission of India\uff09\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u9009\u4e3e\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\uff0c\u5e73\u65f6\u8be5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u53ea\u6709\u51e0\u767e\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u9009\u4e3e\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5b83\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u5dde\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b98\u5458\u62e5\u6709\u76d1\u7763\u6743\u2014\u2014\u6d89\u53ca\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u540d\u5b98\u5458\uff0c\u89c4\u6a21\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e07\u500d\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f46\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u4ece\u9009\u4e3e\u65e5\u7a0b\u5ba3\u5e03\u5230\u9009\u4e3e\u7ed3\u679c\u516c\u5e03\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\uff09\u5185\u3002\u4e8c\u662f\u5212\u754c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08Delimitation Commission\uff09\uff0c\u5b9a\u671f\u8bbe\u7acb\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4e0a\u6b21\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u8bae\u4f1a\u548c\u5dde\u8bae\u4f1a\u9009\u533a\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5411\u8bae\u4f1a\u63d0\u4ea4\u62a5\u544a\u540e\u89e3\u6563\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u62a5\u544a\u5747\u5df2\u83b7\u5f97\u539f\u672c\u4e89\u6267\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e00\u81f4\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u4f7f\u5370\u5ea6\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u56f0\u6270\u8bb8\u591a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5dde\u7684\u515a\u6d3e\u5212\u5206\u9009\u533a\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u4e09\u662f\u8d22\u653f\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08Finance Commission\uff09\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u8054\u90a6\u5236\uff0c\u5373\u7eb5\u5411\u548c\u6a2a\u5411\u7684\u7a0e\u6536\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u5219\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u6bcf\u4e94\u5e74\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5728\u63d0\u51fa\u5efa\u8bae\u540e\u89e3\u6563\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5efa\u8bae\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u5404\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8ba4\u53ef\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u5728\u65f6\u9650\u660e\u786e\u81ea\u52a8\u9000\u51fa\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e0a\u8868\u73b0\u5c24\u4e3a\u7a81\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5728\u6cd5\u5b9a\u673a\u6784\u65b9\u9762\u30022019\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u201c\u5927\u58f6\u8282\uff08Kumbha Mela\uff09\u201d\u88ab\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6559\u79d1\u6587\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u201c\u4eba\u7c7b\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u89c4\u6a21\u6700\u5927\u7684\u96c6\u4f1a\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u666e\u62c9\u4e9a\u683c\u62c9\u6770\u5efa\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u5ea7\u5360\u57302500\u516c\u9877\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u4e3a\u671f50\u5929\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u7ea62.2\u4ebf\u4eba\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5929\u66f4\u6709\u903e\u5343\u4e07\u6c11\u4f17\u53c2\u52a0\uff0c\u5168\u7a0b\u672a\u53d1\u751f\u91cd\u5927\u4e8b\u6545\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u670d\u52a1\u4ecd\u5b58\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u9886\u57df\u4e5f\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u6210\u5c31\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u57282016\u5e741\u670813\u65e5\u8fbe\u6210\u4e86\u4e94\u5e74\u5185\u201c\u65e0\u810a\u9ad3\u7070\u8d28\u708e\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u6bcf\u5e74\u6709\u6570\u4e07\u540d\u513f\u7ae5\u611f\u67d3\u810a\u9ad3\u7070\u8d28\u708e\u3002\u52302009\u5e74\u4ecd\u6709741\u4f8b\u75c5\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c45\u4e16\u754c\u9996\u4f4d\u3002\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u5728\u6839\u9664\u810a\u9ad3\u7070\u8d28\u708e\u65b9\u9762\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8270\u5de8\u6311\u6218\uff1a\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u5ea6\u9ad8\u3001\u51fa\u751f\u7387\u9ad8\u3001\u536b\u751f\u6761\u4ef6\u5dee\u3001\u8179\u6cfb\u666e\u904d\u3001\u5730\u5f62\u590d\u6742\u3001\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u53e3\u4e0d\u613f\u63a5\u79cd\u810a\u9ad3\u7070\u8d28\u708e\u75ab\u82d7\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5982\u679c\u653f\u5ba2\u4eec\u56de\u5e94\u9009\u6c11\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e3a\u4f55\u9009\u6c11\u6ca1\u6709\u66f4\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8981\u6c42\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u533b\u7597\u3001\u4f9b\u6c34\u548c\u536b\u751f\u7b49\u57fa\u672c\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u5462\uff1f\u5bf9\u6b64\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5f80\u5f80\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5206\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u653f\u5ba2\u4eec\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u6709\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u652f\u4ed8\u548c\u8865\u8d34\u6765\u4e89\u53d6\u9009\u6c11\u652f\u6301\u3002\u8d2b\u56f0\u519c\u6c11\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u504f\u7231\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8865\u52a9\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u7b49\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u66f4\u770b\u91cd\u8d34\u73b0\u7387\uff08Discount Rate\uff09\u3002\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u653f\u5ba2\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u201c\u79c1\u4eba\u201d\u516c\u5171\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f4f\u623f\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u8d28\u5956\u52b1\uff0c\u4e13\u95e8\u9762\u5411\u7279\u5b9a\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u5c0f\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u5730\u63d0\u4f9b\u666e\u60e0\u516c\u5171\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u90e8\u5206\u53d7\u793e\u4f1a\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e7f\u6cdb\u516c\u5171\u4ea7\u54c1\uff08\u800c\u975e\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u548c\u8865\u8d34\uff09\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u627f\u8bfa\u7f3a\u4e4f\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

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\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u89e3\u91ca\u4e8c\uff1a\u5e87\u62a4\u578b\u56fd\u5bb6\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u4f20\u7edf\u89e3\u91ca\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u90e8\u95e8\u62db\u8058\u65b9\u9762\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u201c\u5e87\u62a4\u578b\u201d\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c\u804c\u4f4d\u7684\u62db\u8058\u6d41\u7a0b\u6b63\u53d8\u5f97\u65e5\u76ca\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u501f\u52a9\u5168\u56fd\u6216\u90a6\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u8003\u8bd5\u6765\u9009\u62d4\u4eba\u624d\u3002\u5f53\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u52a0\u5165\u8054\u90a6\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u961f\u4f0d\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u91cc\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e94\u5206\u4e4b\u56db\u662f\u7ecf\u7531\u8054\u90a6\u4e0e\u90a6\u7ea7\u8003\u8bd5\u800c\u88ab\u5f55\u53d6\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u4eba\u5458\u5219\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u673a\u6784\u2014\u2014\u8054\u90a6\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08the Union Public Service Commission\uff09\u5f00\u5c55\u516c\u5f00\u62db\u8058\u9762\u8bd5\u3002\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u6216\u8005\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\uff0c\u5728\u65b0\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0a\u53f0\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u505c\u6ede\u671f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8981\u4e3a\u6570\u767e\u4e2a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u804c\u4f4d\u9074\u9009\u65b0\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4efb\u547d\u4eba\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u7531\u90a6\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08State Public Service Commissions\uff09\u3001\u5458\u5de5\u9009\u62d4\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08Staff Selection Commissions\uff09\u3001\u4e13\u4e1a\u8003\u8bd5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08Professional Examination Boards\uff09\u548c\u5236\u670d\u670d\u52a1\u62db\u8058\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08Uniformed Services Recruitment Board\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u8b66\u5bdf\u548c\u6d88\u9632\u90e8\u95e8\uff09\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08\u5177\u4f53\u89c6\u804c\u4f4d\u548c\u5404\u90a6\u60c5\u51b5\u800c\u5b9a\uff09\u3002\u6bcb\u5eb8\u7f6e\u7591\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u5f53\u4e2d\u786e\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\u8bd5\u5377\u6cc4\u9732\u7b49\u821e\u5f0a\u884c\u5f84\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u76f8\u5173\u9009\u62d4\u5de5\u4f5c\u9891\u7e41\u88ab\u8feb\u4e2d\u65ad\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u8fd8\u4f1a\u88ab\u6cd5\u9662\u5224\u5b9a\u65e0\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5176\u201c\u63a0\u593a\u4e4b\u624b\u201d\u4fbf\u4f1a\u635f\u5bb3\u79c1\u4eba\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\u3001\u5e02\u573a\u4ee5\u53ca\u5951\u7ea6\u3002\u8fbe\u6210\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e73\u8861\u9700\u8981\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u6548\u80fd\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u4f50\u4ee5\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u5236\u8861\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u5bf9\u884c\u653f\u6743\u529b\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u6027\u7ea6\u675f\u3001\u6743\u529b\u5206\u7acb\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3001\u9009\u4e3e\u89c4\u5219\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u53f8\u6cd5\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u5a92\u4f53\u76d1\u7763\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u8bf8\u591a\u76f8\u5173\u8981\u7d20\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u672c\u6587\u6240\u9610\u8ff0\u7684\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5370\u5ea6\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u5177\u5907\u8bb8\u591a\u6b64\u7c7b\u201c\u6070\u5230\u597d\u5904\u201d\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u8868\u73b0\u5374\u8fdc\u672a\u4ee4\u4eba\u6ee1\u610f\u3002\u5176\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5076\u53d1\u6027\u4e8b\u52a1\u65b9\u9762\u8868\u73b0\u5c1a\u4f73\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u52a1\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u5546\u54c1\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u5c5e\u4e8e\u72ed\u4e49\u201c\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u5546\u54c1\u201d\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u4ec5\u9760\u5c0f\u578b\u6280\u672f\u5b98\u50da\u673a\u6784\u4fbf\u80fd\u5e94\u5bf9\u81ea\u5982\u3002\u800c\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u5bfb\u79df\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u88c2\u75d5\u76f8\u4e92\u4ea4\u7ec7\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u8868\u73b0\u5219\u8f83\u4e3a\u900a\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n

\u800c\u5728\u9700\u8981\u5fae\u89c2\u884c\u4e3a\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u5176\u8868\u73b0\u6700\u5dee\u3002\u672c\u6587\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd9\u4e00\u72b6\u51b5\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u5728\u4e8e\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u4eba\u624b\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u201c\u65e9\u719f\u201d\u53ca\u4e0d\u5408\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u666e\u9009\u6b21\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5370\u5ea6\u5728\u79cd\u59d3\u3001\u6027\u522b\u6b67\u89c6\u65b9\u9762\u5b58\u5728\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u5931\u7075\u201d\u73b0\u8c61\uff08societal failures\uff09\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u66b4\u9732\u51fa\u56fd\u5bb6\u80fd\u529b\u7814\u7a76\u91cc\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u77ed\u677f\uff1a\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8fc7\u4e8e\u4fa7\u91cd\u201c\u5236\u5ea6\u201d\uff08institution\uff09\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u201c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201d\uff08organizational\uff09\u7279\u6027\u6709\u6240\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u73b0\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u4e5f\u5927\u591a\u628a\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u8f83\u4e3a\u72ed\u9698\u7684\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u7ba1\u7406\u67b6\u6784\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u63a2\u8ba8\u7684\u662f\u6fc0\u52b1\u3001\u76d1\u7763\u673a\u5236\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u4e8b\u7ba1\u7406\u5b9e\u8df5\u7a76\u7adf\u600e\u6837\u5f71\u54cd\u56fd\u5bb6\u8868\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6240\u505a\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5374\u6781\u4e3a\u6709\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bf8\u5982\u5185\u5728\u6fc0\u52b1\u6240\u53d1\u6325\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3001\u85aa\u916c\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u5e76\u975e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u85aa\u916c\u6c34\u5e73\uff09\u3001\u664b\u5347\u89c4\u5219\u3001\u4eba\u5458\u8c03\u914d\u5b89\u6392\u3001\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u7ec4\u5efa\u60c5\u51b5\u4ee5\u53ca\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u50da\u673a\u6784\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u73af\u5883\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5b98\u50da\u673a\u6784\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u804c\u80fd\u90e8\u95e8\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5730\u65b9\u3001\u90a6\u548c\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u7ea7\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5e03\u5c40\u5206\u914d\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u90fd\u4ec5\u6709\u5c11\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002\u6216\u8bb8\uff0c\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u56fd\u5bb6\u80fd\u529b\u6f14\u8fdb\u5386\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u4e3a\u4ee4\u4eba\u77a9\u76ee\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u4fbf\u662f\u57fa\u5c42\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u7ebf\u6267\u884c\u5c42\u9762\u72b6\u51b5\u7684\u9010\u6b65\u6539\u5584\u3002\u4f46\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u51b3\u7b56\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u8d28\u7591\u4e4b\u58f0\u4e5f\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u591a\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c\u4e8e\u4e00\u7ebf\u7684\u6267\u884c\u80fd\u529b\u6b63\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u5df2\u7136\u80fd\u591f\u5feb\u901f\u62d3\u5c55\u9879\u76ee\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u60e0\u53ca\u6570\u4ee5\u4ebf\u8ba1\u6c11\u4f17\u3002\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u8fd1\u5341\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c\u6210\u529f\u4e3a\u8d853.5\u4ebf\u6c11\u4f17\u5f00\u8bbe\u94f6\u884c\u8d26\u6237\uff0c\u4e3a8000\u591a\u4e07\u6237\u5bb6\u5ead\u63a5\u901a\u71c3\u6c14\uff0c\u5efa\u6210\u7ea61\u4ebf\u4e2a\u5395\u6240\uff0c\u8986\u76d6\u4eba\u7fa4\u8fbe6\u4ebf\u4e4b\u591a\uff0c\u4e14\u5f00\u542f\u76f4\u63a5\u73b0\u91d1\u8f6c\u79fb\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u4ee4\u6570\u5343\u4e07\u519c\u6c11\u4ece\u4e2d\u83b7\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5404\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u5747\u5b58\u5728\u6570\u636e\u6d6e\u5938\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u5728\u8d28\u91cf\u628a\u63a7\u3001\u63a8\u8fdb\u53ca\u65f6\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u53d7\u76ca\u7fa4\u4f53\u6392\u9664\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u4ea6\u9762\u4e34\u8bf8\u591a\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c\u65e0\u7591\u6b63\u9010\u6b65\u6784\u5efa\u8d77\u5c06\u6295\u5165\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u4ea7\u51fa\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u8bda\u7136\uff0c\u5c06\u6b64\u7c7b\u4ea7\u51fa\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6700\u7ec8\u6210\u6548\u5c5e\u4e8e\u540e\u7eed\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u6bd5\u7adf\uff0c\u5395\u6240\u7684\u5efa\u9020\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u5176\u80fd\u88ab\u6709\u6548\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u536b\u751f\u6761\u4ef6\u6539\u826f\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u51b5\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u8fd9\u603b\u5f52\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c\u6b63\u501f\u52a9\u6280\u672f\u624b\u6bb5\u6765\u5f25\u8865\u90e8\u5206\u201c\u524d\u7aef\u201d\u7684\u8584\u5f31\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63a8\u52a8\u9879\u76ee\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u65bd\u884c\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u8986\u76d6\u5168\u4f53\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u91d1\u878d-\u751f\u7269\u7279\u5f81-\u901a\u4fe1\u5e73\u53f0\u201cAadhaar\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6253\u9020\u6570\u5b57\u652f\u4ed8\u5e73\u53f0\u201c\u7edf\u4e00\u652f\u4ed8\u63a5\u53e3\u201d\uff08UPI\uff09\u4fbf\u662f\u6709\u529b\u7684\u4f8b\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f34\u968f\u4e61\u6751\u9053\u8def\u72b6\u51b5\u3001\u7535\u6c14\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u6570\u5b57\u63a5\u5165\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u4e92\u8054\u4e92\u901a\u6027\u7684\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u4ea4\u4ed8\u5e73\u53f0\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u673a\u5236\u6b63\u9010\u6b65\u5f97\u4ee5\u5f3a\u5316\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6280\u672f\u6781\u5927\u5730\u524a\u51cf\u4e86\u83b7\u53d6\u62a4\u7167\u3001\u9a7e\u7167\u7b49\u4f17\u591a\u653f\u5e9c\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u662f\u652f\u4ed8\u516c\u7528\u4e8b\u4e1a\u8d26\u5355\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u6280\u672f\u672c\u8eab\u5374\u65e0\u6cd5\u5c06\u6c34\u5f15\u5165\u623f\u5c4b\uff0c\u4ea6\u65e0\u6cd5\u628a\u6c61\u6c34\u6392\u51fa\u5c4b\u5916\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u6392\u653e\u524d\u5bf9\u6c61\u6c34\u4e88\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u8feb\u5207\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u6548\u80fd\u66f4\u4e3a\u5353\u8d8a\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u6cbb\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u5c42\u7ea7\u80fd\u591f\u638c\u63a7\u66f4\u591a\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u5bf9\u516c\u6c11\u201c\u5411\u4e0b\u201d\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ea7\u5b98\u50da\u673a\u6784\u4e0e\u653f\u5ba2\u4ec5\u4ec5\u201c\u5411\u4e0a\u201d\u8d1f\u8d23\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u5fae\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u6240\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u4e8e\u5b8f\u89c2\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u72b6\u51b5\u6b63\u65e5\u76ca\u5f15\u53d1\u5404\u754c\u5173\u6ce8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u81ea\u72ec\u7acb\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u5b98\u50da\u4f53\u7cfb\u53ca\u5176\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u80fd\u529b\u5411\u6765\u4e3a\u5916\u754c\u6240\u79f0\u9053\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5f62\u6210\u9c9c\u660e\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u57fa\u5c42\u6267\u884c\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6548\u80fd\u5374\u9971\u53d7\u8bdf\u75c5\u3002\u603b\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u826f\u597d\u6001\u52bf\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5728\u6267\u884c\u73af\u8282\u5374\u5dee\u5f3a\u4eba\u610f\uff0c\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u5934\u90e8\u5f3a\u52b2\u3001\u80a2\u4f53\u5b71\u5f31\u201d\u7684\u683c\u5c40\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6001\u52bf\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6b63\u53d1\u751f\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5370\u5ea6\u5728\u516c\u5171\u9879\u76ee\u4ea4\u4ed8\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u6240\u6539\u8fdb\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u5374\u5448\u653e\u7f13\u6001\u52bf\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u51fa\u73b0\u4e0b\u6ed1\u60c5\u5f62\u3002\u4ece\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u81f3\u9009\u4e3e\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ece\u5370\u5ea6\u592e\u884c\u5230\u7edf\u8ba1\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u6c11\u4e3b\u6838\u5fc3\u673a\u6784\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u6b63\u4e0d\u65ad\u906d\u53d7\u653f\u6cbb\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u6324\u538b\u3002\u4ee5\u5f80\u201c\u8584\u5f31\u201d\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u5df2\u4e0d\u518d\u7cbe\u51c6\u6070\u5f53\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u66f4\u4e3a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u6267\u884c\u6276\u8d2b\u9879\u76ee\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u5374\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5bf9\u516c\u6c11\u81ea\u7531\u4e0e\u6c11\u4e3b\u5f00\u653e\u5f62\u6210\u9650\u5236\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u786e\u5b9e\u5e94\u5f53\u5ba1\u614e\u6289\u62e9\u6240\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u2014\u2014\u6bd5\u7adf\u5176\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u73b0\u5b9e\u72b6\u51b5\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u7b80\u4ecb\uff1a\u5fb7\u97e6\u4ec0\u00b7\u5361\u666e\u5c14\uff08Devesh Kapur)\uff0c\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7279\u533a\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u970d\u666e\u91d1\u65af\u5927\u5b66\u4fdd\u7f57-\u5c3c\u91c7\u9ad8\u7ea7\u56fd\u9645\u7814\u7a76\u5b66\u9662\uff08SAIS\uff09\u548c\u65af\u5854\u5c14\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u5357\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u6559\u6388\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7f16\u8bd1\u81ea\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5c55\u671b\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u7b2c34\u5377\u7b2c1\u671f\uff0c2020\u5e7411\u67086\u65e5\u6587\u7ae0\u539f\u6807\u9898\u4e3aWhy Does the Indian State Both Fail and Succeed?<\/p>\n

\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\u4e3a\uff1ahttps:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/26873528<\/a>\u672c\u671f\u7f16\u8f91\uff1a\u4f59\u4f73\u8f69\u672c\u671f\u5ba1\u6838\uff1a\u6731\u4f9d\u6797 \u5355\u654f\u654f<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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