{"id":5524,"date":"2025-07-31T23:43:22","date_gmt":"2025-07-31T15:43:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nyyjtx.cn\/?p=5524"},"modified":"2025-07-31T23:43:22","modified_gmt":"2025-07-31T15:43:22","slug":"%e9%87%8d%e7%a3%85-%e5%9f%8b%e8%91%ac%e8%a1%80%e8%89%b2%e9%9d%92%e6%98%a5%e7%9a%84%e7%90%86%e6%83%b3%e7%a5%ad%e5%9d%9b%ef%bc%9a%e5%b7%b4%e5%9f%ba%e6%96%af%e5%9d%a6%e5%ad%a6%e7%94%9f%e6%94%bf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nyyjtx.cn\/?p=5524","title":{"rendered":"\u91cd\u78c5 | \u57cb\u846c\u8840\u8272\u9752\u6625\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u796d\u575b\uff1a\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5b66\u751f\u653f\u6cbb\u4e03\u5341\u8f7d\u6d6e\u6c89\u5f55"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"nyyjtx-imported-article\" style=\"max-width:760px;margin:0 auto;color:#1f2933;font-size:17px;line-height:1.95;letter-spacing:0;\">\n<div class=\"wechat-article-meta\" style=\"margin:0 0 22px;padding:12px 14px;border-left:4px solid #2f5d9f;background:#f6f8fb;color:#53606d;font-size:14px;line-height:1.8;\"><strong>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a<\/strong>\u7eb3\u8fea\u59c6\u00b7F\u00b7\u5e15\u62c9\u67e5<br \/><strong>\u6765\u6e90\uff1a<\/strong>\u5357\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u901a\u8baf<br \/><strong>\u539f\u6587\uff1a<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s\/2DZqjWCU4V6j_g4tLcbQ0Q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u539f\u6587<\/a><br \/>\u672c\u6587\u517115616\u5b57\u9605\u8bfb\u9884\u8ba1\u7ea630\u5206\u949f<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u4f5c\u8005 | \u7eb3\u8fea\u59c6\u00b7F\u00b7\u5e15\u62c9\u67e5\uff08Nadeem F. Paracha\uff09\u7f16\u8bd1 | \u66f9\u5bc5\u806a\u7f16\u8bd1\u5ba1\u6838 | \u80e1\u53ef\u6021 \u5218\u661f\u541b\u672c\u671f\u7f16\u8f91 | \u6797\u7199\u6cc7\u672c\u671f\u5ba1\u6838 | \u5355\u654f\u654f \u7f16\u8005\u6309 \u5b66\u751f\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5174\u8870\u53f2\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u901a\u8fc7\u9752\u5e74\u7fa4\u4f53\u535a\u5f08\u7684\u53cd\u6620\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7cfb\u7edf\u68b3\u7406\u4e86\u5df4\u5b66\u751f\u653f\u6cbb\u4ece\u5efa\u56fd\u521d\u671f\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u8109\u7edc\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b66\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u653f\u515a\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7ebf\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u5f81\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u5b66\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f9d\u9644\u6027\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u5df4\u56fd\u5185\u91cd\u8981\u5b66\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5747\u5177\u660e\u786e\u653f\u515a\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u6821\u56ed\u6210\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u535a\u5f08\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\u6218\u573a\u3002\u4e8c\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u62c9\u952f\u4e0e\u5f02\u5316\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u8fd0\u52a8\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4ece\u5b66\u672f\u8bc9\u6c42\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u6743\u76ca\u5230\u5de6\u7ffc\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bae\u7a0b\u3001\u53f3\u7ffc\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5316\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e4b\u95f4\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u5bf9\u6297\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u5c24\u5176\u57281979\u5e74\u540e\u7684\u9f50\u4e9a\u00b7\u54c8\u514b\u519b\u653f\u5e9c\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u6597\u4e89\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5347\u7ea7\u4e3a\u6b66\u88c5\u5bf9\u6297\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u5165\u4fb5\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u5f15\u53d1\u6b66\u5668\u6d41\u5165\u6821\u56ed\uff0c\u50ac\u751f\u8428\u62c9\u59c6\u62c9\u00b7\u8482\u666e\u7b49\u6781\u7aef\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u653f\u6cbb\u5f7b\u5e95\u66b4\u529b\u5316\u3002\u4e09\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e72\u9884\u7684\u8f6c\u6298\u6027\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c1984\u5e74\u5df4\u653f\u5e9c\u4ee5\u201c\u904f\u5236\u66b4\u529b\u201d\u4e3a\u7531\u53d6\u7f14\u5b66\u751f\u4f1a\uff0c\u5b9e\u5219\u4e3a\u6253\u538b\u53cd\u9f50\u4e9a\u8054\u76df\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u52a8\u5458\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u6b64\u4e3e\u5bfc\u81f4\u4f20\u7edf\u5b66\u751f\u653f\u6cbb\u8870\u5fae\uff0c\u65b0\u578b\u5b97\u6559\u52bf\u529b\u6e17\u900f\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u89e3\u653e\u515a\uff08Hizb-ut-Tahrir\uff09\u7b49\u56e2\u4f53\u4ee5\u201c\u53bb\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u201d\u540d\u4e49\u8fdb\u5165\u79c1\u7acb\u9662\u6821\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u884c\u4e3a\u89c4\u8bad\u4f20\u64ad\u5b97\u6559\u4fdd\u5b88\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u9752\u5e74\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u7cfb\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u8457\u540d\u8bb0\u8005\u7eb3\u8fea\u59c6\u00b7F\u00b7\u5e15\u62c9\u67e5\uff08Nadeem F. Paracha\uff09\uff0c\u5e15\u62c9\u67e5\u672c\u4eba\u4fbf\u662f\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4eb2\u5386\u8005\uff1a20\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u662f\u6295\u8eab\u5b66\u751f\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5de6\u7ffc\u6d3b\u52a8\u8005\uff0c\u66fe\u52a0\u5165\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u4eba\u6c11\u515a\u5b66\u751f\u5206\u652f\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u5b66\u751f\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u201d\uff08PSF\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u516c\u5f00\u53cd\u5bf9\u9f50\u4e9a\u519b\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u6563\u53d1\u53cd\u653f\u5e9c\u6587\u732e\u591a\u6b21\u88ab\u6355\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u5c40\u5185\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u4f7f\u6587\u7ae0\u5728\u5ba2\u89c2\u68b3\u7406\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u66f4\u6dfb\u4e00\u5c42\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u7ec6\u8282\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u6d1e\u5bdf\u3002\u5357\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u901a\u8baf\u7279\u7f16\u8bd1\u6b64\u6587\uff0c\u4f9b\u5404\u4f4d\u8bfb\u8005\u6279\u5224\u53c2\u8003\u3002\u771f\u7eb3\u57281947\u5e74\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5efa\u56fd\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\u4e0e\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5b66\u751f\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u4ea4\u8c08\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u56fe\u6e90\uff1a\u300a\u9ece\u660e\u62a5\u300b\u6587\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7f29\u51991.NSF (National Students Federation)\uff1a\u5168\u56fd\u5b66\u751f\u8054\u5408\u4f1a2.MSF (Muslim Students Federation)\uff1a\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5b66\u751f\u8054\u5408\u4f1a3.DSF (Democratic Students Federation)\uff1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u5b66\u751f\u8054\u5408\u4f1a4.PSF (Peoples Students Federation) \u4eba\u6c11\u5b66\u751f\u8054\u5408\u4f1a5.JI (Jamat-i-Islami)\uff1a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5927\u4f1a\u515a6.IJT (Islami Jamiat Taleba)\uff1a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5b66\u751f\u8054\u76df7.NSO (National Students Organisation)\uff1a\u5168\u56fd\u5b66\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec78.USM (United Students Movement)\uff1a\u8054\u5408\u5b66\u751f\u8fd0\u52a89.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">AZO (Al-Zulfikar Organisation)\uff1a\u4f50\u52d2\u83f2\u5361\u5c14\u65c510.APMSO\uff08All Pakistan Mohajir Students Organisation\uff09\uff1a\u5168\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7a46\u54c8\u5409\u5c14\u5b66\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u672c\u6587\u8282\u9009\u81ea\u4f5c\u80052009\u5e74\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u4e13\u9898\u8bba\u6587\u7cbe\u7b80\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u8be5\u8bba\u6587\u5e38\u88ab\u897f\u65b9\u53ca\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u672c\u571f\u5b66\u8005\u7528\u4f5c\u7814\u7a76\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5b66\u751f\u653f\u6cbb\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u4e00\u3001\u5f00\u7aef \u963f\u91cc\u00b7\u5e03\u6258\uff08Zulfikar Ali 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Khan\uff0c1958\u5e7410\u6708\u53d1\u52a8\u519b\u4e8b\u653f\u53d8\uff0c\u5ba3\u5e03\u5b9e\u884c\u201c\u519b\u6cd5\u7edf\u6cbb\u201d\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b0\u5185\u9601\uff0c1958-1969\u5e74\u95f4\u4efb\u5df4\u603b\u7edf\uff09\u72ec\u88c1\u653f\u6743\u7684\u4e00\u652f\u5f3a\u5927\u53cd\u5bf9\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 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style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u81f3\u5c11\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u81f380\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u5b66\u751f\u653f\u6cbb\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea80\u5e74\u4ee3\u8d77\u9677\u5165\u6025\u5267\u8870\u9000\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u786e\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u30021947\u5e74\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5efa\u56fd\u65f6\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u5df2\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u662f\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5b66\u751f\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\uff08MSF\uff09\uff0c\u8be5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u662f\u6267\u653f\u515a\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u8054\u76df\uff08Muslim League\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b80\u79f0\u7a46\u76df\uff09\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u5206\u652f\u3002MSF\u7684\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u534f\u52a9\u7a46\u76df\u5728\u672a\u5206\u6cbb\u7684\u82f1\u5c5e\u5370\u5ea6\u62db\u52df\u5b66\u751f\u548c\u5e74\u8f7b\u7a46\u65af\u6797\uff0c\u5e76\u5e2e\u52a9\u8be5\u515a\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u4e3a\u5730\u533a\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7fa4\u4f53\u5efa\u7acb\u72ec\u7acb\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u52301950\u5e74\uff0cMSF\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u5f00\u59cb\u663e\u9732\u5176\u201c\u6bcd\u515a\u201d\u7a46\u76df\u7684\u5206\u88c2\u7279\u6027\u2014\u2014\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8be5\u653f\u515a\u57281948\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e2\u7ed3\u6709\u529b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 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style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u52301951\u5e74\uff0cDSF\u5df2\u5728\u65c1\u906e\u666e\u7701\u62c9\u5408\u5c14\u3001\u62c9\u74e6\u5c14\u54c1\u7b2c\u7684\u9ad8\u6821\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u663e\u8457\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793a\u5a01\u6e38\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u652f\u6301\u5404\u7c7b\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e8b\u4e1a\u3002\u52301952\u5e74\uff0cDSF\u5df2\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u6ce8\u7684\u5de6\u7ffc\u5b66\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u6269\u5927\uff0cDSF\u5f00\u59cb\u91c7\u53d6\u66f4\u6fc0\u8fdb\u3001\u5927\u80c6\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u63a8\u52a8\u653f\u5e9c\u7740\u624b\u89e3\u51b3\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5173\u5207\u30021953\u5e74\uff0c\u5361\u62c9\u5947\u9676\u6c0f\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u7684DSF\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u300a\u8bc9\u6c42\u7ae0\u7a0b\u300b\uff08Charter of Demands\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u5b66\u8d39\u3001\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u8bbe\u65bd\u3001\u6539\u5584\u6559\u5ba4\u6761\u4ef6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u5361\u62c9\u5947\u5174\u5efa\u4e00\u6240\u6b63\u89c4\u5927\u5b66\u7b49\u8bae\u9898\u3002\u8be5\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u8fd8\u5ba3\u5e03\u8bbe\u7acb\u201c\u8bc9\u6c42\u65e5\u201d\uff08Demands Day\uff09\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u5206\u5b50\u5728\u5f53\u5929\u5217\u961f\u6e38\u884c\uff0c\u6b32\u524d\u5f80\u9762\u89c1\u65f6\u4efb\u5df4\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u957f\u6cd5\u5179\u5c14\u00b7\u96f7\u8d6b\u66fc\uff08Fazlur Rehman\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u5df4\u5f53\u5c40\u963b\u62e6\u4e86\u6b64\u6b21\u6297\u8bae\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u90e8\u5206\u5b66\u751f\u5728\u9a9a\u4e71\u4e2d\u4e27\u751f\uff0c\u591a\u4eba\u53d7\u4f24\u5e76\u88ab\u902e\u6355\u3002\u5c40\u52bf\u5df2\u7136\u5931\u63a7\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u603b\u7406\u54c8\u74e6\u8d3e\u00b7\u7eb3\u9f50\u59c6\u4e01\uff08Khawaja Nazimuddin\uff09\u4e3b\u52a8\u793a\u610f\u63a5\u89e6DSF\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\uff0c\u5e76\u9080\u8bf7\u5176\u4ee3\u8868\u56e2\u4f1a\u9762\u3002\u4f1a\u8c08\u6c14\u6c1b\u878d\u6d3d\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u4ea6\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u660e\u786e\u627f\u8bfa\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7eb3\u9f50\u59c6\u4e01\u4e0d\u4e45\u540e\u4fbf\u7531\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u00b7\u963f\u91cc\u00b7\u535a\u683c\u62c9\uff08Mohammad Ali Bogra\uff09\u63a5\u4efb\u603b\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u76f8\u5173\u78cb\u5546\u4ecd\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\u3002\u535a\u683c\u62c9\u5411\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5728\u5361\u62c9\u5947\u4fee\u5efa\u4e00\u6240\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u89c4\u5212\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u5361\u62c9\u5947\u5927\u5b66\uff08KU\uff09\u65b0\u6821\u533a\u7684\u9009\u5740\u5f97\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e5f\u4e0b\u4ee4\u542f\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9DSF\u800c\u8a00\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8fd9\u80dc\u5229\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u662f\u8be5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u516d\u540d\u6210\u5458\u7684\u727a\u7272\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 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Khan\uff09\u9488\u5bf9\u5229\u4e9a\u5361\u7279\u00b7\u963f\u91cc\u00b7\u6c57\uff08Liquat Ali Khan\uff0c\u5df4\u72ec\u7acb\u540e\u4efb\u9996\u4efb\u603b\u7406\u517c\u56fd\u9632\u3001\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u957f\uff0c1951\u5e74\u9047\u523a\u8eab\u4ea1\uff09\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u672a\u9042\u653f\u53d8\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u7275\u8fde\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 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NSF\u5728\u5361\u62c9\u5947\u4e3e\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u5927\u578b\u96c6\u4f1a\uff0c\u58f0\u63f4\u5de6\u7ffc\u503e\u5411\u7684\u57c3\u53ca\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7eb3\u8d5b\u5c14\uff08Gamal Abul Nasser\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 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style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">1960\u5e74\uff0c\u519b\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u5206\u89e3\u9664\u4e86\u5bf9\u5b66\u751f\u4f1a\u7684\u7981\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e2d\u65ad\u591a\u65f6\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u5f97\u4ee5\u6062\u590d\u3002\u8fdb\u5165\u65b0\u5341\u5e74\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u653f\u515a\u201c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5927\u4f1a\u515a\u201d\uff08JI\uff09\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u5206\u652f\u2014\u2014\u201c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5b66\u751f\u8054\u76df\u201d\uff08IJT\uff09\u5f00\u59cb\u4ece\u5b66\u751f\u653f\u6cbb\u8fb9\u7f18\u8d70\u5411\u53f0\u524d\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u6821\u56ed\u5185\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u80a1\u53f3\u7ffc\u52bf\u529b\uff08\u7f16\u8005\u6ce8\uff1aIJT\u81f3\u4eca\u4f9d\u65e7\u6d3b\u8dc3\u5728\u65c1\u906e\u666e\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5927\u5b66\u7b49\u5df4\u5404\u5927\u9ad8\u6821\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u5bf9\u5b66\u751f\u4e8b\u52a1\u62e5\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff09\u3002IJT\u867d\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u8d85\u8fc7\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u5374\u59cb\u7ec8\u88abDSF\u3001NSF\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u6240\u63a9\u76d6\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">IJT\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8bf4\u670dJI\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4eba\u7269\u3001\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5b66\u8005\u963f\u5e03\u00b7\u963f\u52d2\u00b7\u6bdb\u675c\u8fea\uff08Abul Ala Maududi\uff0c\u7f16\u8005\u6ce8\uff1a\u53c8\u79f0\u6bdb\u62c9\u6bdb\u675c\u8fea\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5927\u4f1a\u515a\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u539f\u6559\u65e8\u4e3b\u4e49\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u66fe\u7ecf\u5728\u5df4\u7acb\u5baa\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53cd\u5bf9\u7a46\u76df\uff0c\u575a\u6301\u4e3b\u5f20\u5728\u5df4\u5b9e\u65bd\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u6cd5\uff09\uff0c\u8bf7\u6c42\u6bdb\u675c\u8fea\u51c6\u8bb8IJT\u5728\u5b66\u751f\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u800c\u6bdb\u675c\u8fea\u539f\u672c\u5e0c\u671bIJT\u4ee5\u4f20\u6559\u3001\u5ba3\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u91cd\u5fc3\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0cIJT\u5f00\u59cb\u53c2\u4e0e\u5b66\u751f\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\uff0c\u81f31962\u5e74\u5df2\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3aNSF\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6700\u5f3a\u52b2\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6700\u4e25\u5bc6\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0cIJT\u4ecd\u672a\u80fd\u64bc\u52a8NSF\u5728\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">IJT\u4e5f\u662f\u9996\u6279\u4e0e\u4e3b\u6d41\u653f\u515a\u76f4\u63a5\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e4b\u4e00\u2014\u2014\u867d\u8bf4MSF\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u5173\u8054\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5f00\u521b\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u52301962\u5e74\uff0cMSF\u5df2\u8fd1\u4e4e\u6d88\u4ea1\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0cNSF\u867d\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4fdd\u6301\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u4f7f\u4e4b\u4e0e\u5361\u62c9\u5947\u9887\u5177\u52bf\u529b\u7684\u52b3\u5de5\u3001\u8bb0\u8005\u5de5\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u4f1a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9NSF\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5185\u90e8\u4e8b\u52a1\u65bd\u52a0\u5f71\u54cd\u3002NSF\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u6574\u4f53\u7531\u4eb2\u82cf\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u4f46\u57281962\u5e74\u4e2d\u82cf\u5206\u88c2\u4e4b\u521d\uff0cNSF\u5185\u4ea6\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u4eb2\u534e\u6d3e\u7cfb\u3002\u4eb2\u534e\u6d3e\u5f00\u59cb\u5229\u7528\uff08\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u88ab\u5229\u7528\uff09\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u52b3\u5de5\u3001\u8bb0\u8005\u5de5\u4f1a\u6269\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u53d6\u4ee3NSF\u4e3b\u8981\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u8d23\u540e\u8005\u201c\u8fc7\u4e8e\u4eb2\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u201d\u3002NSF\u4eb2\u534e\u6d3e\u3001\u4eb2\u82cf\u6d3e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6597\u4e89\u4e3a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5b66\u751f\u8054\u76df\uff08IJT\uff09\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u6e17\u900f\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u540c\u5e74\uff081962\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u8054\u76df\uff08\u540e\u66f4\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u8054\u76df\u201d\uff09\u518d\u6b21\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u4e00\u6d3e\u81ea\u79f0\u201c\u5927\u4f1a\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u8054\u76df\u201d\uff08PML-Convention\uff09\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u52a0\u5165\u5e76\u652f\u6301\u963f\u5c24\u5e03\u00b7\u6c57\u72ec\u88c1\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u963f\u5c24\u5e03\u4eb2\u81ea\u62c5\u4efbPML-\u5927\u4f1a\u6d3e\u7684\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3002\u52a0\u5165\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3aPML-\u5927\u4f1a\u6d3e\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u548c\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u5f97\u4ee5\u91cd\u7ec4\u5176\u6fd2\u4e34\u5f0f\u5fae\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u5206\u652f\u2014\u2014\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5b66\u751f\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\uff08MSF\uff09\u3002\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\u906d\u53d7\u91cd\u521b\u540e\uff0cMSF\u91cd\u65b0\u6d89\u8db3\u5b66\u751f\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u65c1\u906e\u666e\u5730\u533a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u9009\u4e3e\u5b9e\u529b\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0eNSF\u76f8\u6297\u8861\u3002\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u9ad8\u6821\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\uff0cMSF\u751a\u81f3\u591a\u6b21\u88abIJT\u51fb\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u5c61\u906d\u632b\u8d25\uff0cMSF\u4ecd\u7ef4\u6301\u7740\u663e\u8457\u5b58\u5728\u611f\u3002NSF\u8fd8\u4e0e\u5de6\u7ffc\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4eba\u6c11\u515a\uff08NAP\uff09\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u7d27\u5bc6\u8054\u7cfb\uff08\u7f16\u8005\u6ce8\uff1aNAP\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u515a\u5408\u5e76\u800c\u6210\u3002\u66fe\u57281970\u5e74\u5df4\u9996\u6b21\u7701\u7ea7\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u8d62\u4e0b\u897f\u5317\u8fb9\u5883\u7701\u3001\u4ffe\u8def\u652f\u7701\uff0c\u4f46\u6267\u653f\u6570\u6708\u540e\u4e24\u7701\u653f\u5e9c\u5373\u88ab\u5e03\u6258\u89e3\u6563\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e5f\u662f1973-1977\u5e74\u4ffe\u8def\u652f\u7701\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6b66\u88c5\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u5bfc\u706b\u7d22\uff09\u3002\u9887\u5177\u8bbd\u523a\u610f\u5473\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9274\u4e8e\u963f\u5c24\u5e03\u00b7\u6c57\u653f\u5e9c\u5916\u957f\u963f\u91cc\u00b7\u5e03\u6258\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f80\u6765\u5bc6\u5207\uff0cNAP\u3001NSF\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u4eb2\u534e\u6d3e\u7cfb\u6700\u7ec8\u57281965\u5e74\u5907\u53d7\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u603b\u7edf\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u6697\u4e2d\u652f\u6301\u963f\u5c24\u5e03\u00b7\u6c57\u7684\u5019\u9009\u8d44\u683c\u3002\u963f\u5c24\u5e03\u7684\u7ade\u9009\u5bf9\u624b\u662f\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u56fd\u7236\u963f\u91cc\u00b7\u771f\u7eb3\uff08Muhammad Ali Jinnah\uff09\u7684\u59b9\u59b9\u6cd5\u8482\u739b\u00b7\u771f\u7eb3\uff08Fatima Jinnah\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u6cd5\u8482\u739b\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u53cd\u963f\u5c24\u5e03\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u8054\u76df\u6d3e\u7cfb\u3001\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u8054\u76df\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u3001\u53f3\u7ffc\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5927\u4f1a\u515a\uff08JI\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53caNAP\u515a\u5185\u7531\u74e6\u5229\u00b7\u6c57\uff08Wali Khan\uff09\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u4eb2\u82cf\u6d3e\u7cfb\u7684\u5171\u540c\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u4e8c\u3001\u5854\u4ec0\u5e72\u4e00\u4ee3\u4e0e1964-65\u5e74\u95f4\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u6b27\u6d32\u5174\u8d77\u7684\u8457\u540d\u5b66\u751f\u8fd0\u52a8\u76f8\u547c\u5e94\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7684\u540c\u7c7b\u8fd0\u52a8\u5bfc\u706b\u7d22\u6e90\u4e8e1965\u5e74\u5370\u5df4\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u540e\u7eed\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u5df4\u5b98\u65b9\u5a92\u4f53\u5bf9\u6218\u4e89\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6b6a\u66f2\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u5ba3\u79f0\u201c\u5df4\u6b66\u88c5\u529b\u91cf\u7ed9\u4e88\u5370\u5ea6\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u91cd\u521b\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u5f53\u82cf\u8054\u65a1\u65cb\u5370\u5df4\u7b7e\u7f72\u548c\u5e73\u6761\u7ea6\u300a\u5854\u4ec0\u5e72\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u65f6\uff0c\u5df4\u56fd\u5185\u53cd\u5bf9\u515a\u968f\u5373\u58f0\u79f0\u201c\u5df4\u519b\u5728\u6218\u573a\u4e0a\u8d62\u5f97\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u5728\u8c08\u5224\u684c\u4e0a\u4ed8\u8bf8\u4e1c\u6d41\u201d\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0cNSF\u3001IJT\u4e43\u81f3MSF\u7b49\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86\u53cd\u6761\u7ea6\u793a\u5a01\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b66\u751f\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u7fa4\u4f53\u4ee5\u201c\u5854\u4ec0\u5e72\u4e00\u4ee3\u201d\uff08The Tashkent Generation\uff09\u4e4b\u540d\u8f7d\u5165\u5df4\u53f2\u518c\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u9752\u5e74\uff0c\u5bf9\u82cf\u8054\u5728\u5854\u4ec0\u5e72\u57ce\u4fc3\u6210\u7684\u5370\u5df4\u505c\u706b\u534f\u8bae\u6df1\u611f\u6124\u6168\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 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A. Rahim\uff09\u3001\u8428\u5229\u59c6\u00b7\u62c9\u5e0c\u5fb7\uff08S. Rashid\uff09\u3001\u7a46\u5df4\u5e0c\u5c14\u00b7\u54c8\u6851\u535a\u58eb\uff08Dr. Mubashir Hassan\uff09\u7b49\u8d44\u6df1\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u54c8\u5c3c\u592b\u00b7\u62c9\u6885\u4f0a\uff08Hanif Ramey\uff09\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u4e00\u6279\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u534f\u52a9\u4e0b\uff0c\u51b3\u610f\u7ec4\u5efa\u65b0\u653f\u515a\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 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style=\"margin:0 0 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style=\"margin:0 0 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style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u56fe\u6e90\uff1a\u300a\u9ece\u660e\u62a5\u300b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u57281969\u5e74\u963f\u5c24\u5e03\u00b7\u6c57\u8f9e\u804c\u4e0b\u53f0\uff0c\u53f6\u6d77\u4e9a\u00b7\u6c57\u5c06\u519b\uff08Yahya Khan\uff09\u5f00\u59cb\u5b9e\u65bd\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u519b\u4e8b\u7ba1\u5236\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5b66\u751f\u8054\u76df\uff08IJT\uff09\u5f00\u59cb\u54cd\u5e94\u5176\u6bcd\u515a\u7684\u201c\u540e\u963f\u5c24\u5e03\u65f6\u4ee3\u201d\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u5c06\u5e03\u6258\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u4eba\u6c11\u515a\u53ca\u5176\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bae\u7a0b\u6e32\u67d3\u4e3a\u201c\u6bd4\u963f\u5c24\u5e03\u7684\u4e16\u4fd7\u4e3b\u4e49\u66f4\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u201d\u3002NSF\u4e8e1969\u5e74\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u5176\u529b\u91cf\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u9876\u5cf0\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u662f\u6885\u62c9\u6770\u00b7\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u00b7\u6c57\uff08Meraj Muhammad Khan\uff09\u548c\u62c9\u8d3e\u00b7\u5b89\u74e6\u5c14\uff08Raja Anwar\uff09\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u4eba\u6c11\u515a\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u800cNSF\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e3b\u8981\u6d3e\u7cfb\u4e5f\u76f4\u63a5\u53c2\u4e0e\u5230\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u52b3\u5de5\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u5361\u62c9\u5947\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"margin:1.8em 0 .75em;padding-left:12px;border-left:4px solid #2f5d9f;font-size:1.18em;line-height:1.55;font-weight:700;color:#14213d;\">\u4e09\u3001\u9ec4\u91d1\u65f6\u4ee3\uff1f\u67d0\u4e9b\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5b66\u751f\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u201c\u9ec4\u91d1\u65f6\u4ee3\u201d\u51fa\u73b0<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 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1974 Student Union Ordinance\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6821\u56ed\u5185\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u653f\u6cbb\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 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style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u8def\u5f92\u6b65\u642d\u8f66\u62b5\u8fbe\u5580\u5e03\u5c14\u2014\u2014\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd9\u5ea7\u57ce\u5e02\u6b63\u5904\u4e8e\u82cf\u8054\u519b\u961f\u548c\u82cf\u8054\u6276\u690d\u7684\u5df4\u5e03\u62c9\u514b\u00b7\u5361\u5c14\u8fc8\u52d2\uff08Babrak Karmal\uff09\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u5e9c\u63a7\u5236\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u9047\u5bb3\u524d\u603b\u7406\u963f\u91cc\u00b7\u5e03\u6258\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u7a46\u5c14\u5854\u624e\uff08Murtaza Bhutto\uff09\u548c\u6c99\u7eb3\u74e6\u5179\uff08Shahnawaz Bhutto\uff09\u7684\u8fce\u63a5\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u5144\u5f1f\u57281979\u5e74\u9f50\u4e9a\u72ec\u88c1\u653f\u6743\u7ede\u6b7b\u5e03\u6258\u540e\u4fbf\u6d41\u4ea1\u81f3\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4eb2\u82cf\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u653f\u5e9c\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\u7ec4\u5efa\u4e86\u53cd\u9f50\u4e9a\u6e38\u51fb\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201c\u4f50\u52d2\u83f2\u5361\u5c14\u65c5\u201d\uff08Al-Zulfikar Organisation\uff0cAZO\uff09\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u6765\u81ea\u5361\u62c9\u5947\u3001\u4fe1\u5fb7\u5185\u9646\u548c\u65c1\u906e\u666e\u7684PSF\u6b66\u88c5\u5206\u5b50\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6210\u5458\u540c\u6837\u4e3a\u8eb2\u907f\u9f50\u4e9a\u9547\u538b\u800c\u6f5c\u9003\u81f3\u5580\u5e03\u5c14\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 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style=\"margin:0 0 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Arif\uff09\u547c\u5401\u5404\u8fdb\u6b65\u5b66\u751f\u56e2\u4f53\u7ec4\u5efa\u5168\u65b0\u8054\u76df\uff0c\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6297\u653f\u5e9c\u9547\u538b\u548cIJT\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u884c\u5f84\u30021981\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u5404\u6d3e\u4ee3\u8868\u5728\u624e\u6cd5\u5c14\u00b7\u963f\u91cc\u592b\u5bb6\u4e2d\u53ec\u5f00\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u5b66\u751f\u8fd0\u52a8\uff08United Students Movement\uff0cUSM\uff09\u6b63\u5f0f\u6210\u7acb\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">USM\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u53cc\u7ba1\u9f50\u4e0b\u7684\u6218\u7565\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u8be5\u8054\u76df\u5c06\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u8054\u5408\u9009\u4e3e\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c\u5728\u5361\u62c9\u5947\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u751f\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u5bf9\u6297IJT\u7b49\u53f3\u7ffc\u5b66\u751f\u653f\u515a\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u65b0\u8054\u76df\u8fd8\u51b3\u5b9a\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u66f4\u5177\u5bf9\u6297\u6027\u7684\u9886\u57df\u6b63\u9762\u8fce\u51fbIJT\uff0c\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0cUSM\u8ba1\u5212\u6b66\u88c5\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0cPSF\u548cNSF\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u6240\u5927\u5b66\u7ec4\u5efa\u4e86\u201c\u5b66\u751f\u6c11\u4e3b\u9635\u7ebf\u201d\uff08Taliba Jamhoori Mahaz\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5b66\u751f\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u652f\u6301USM\u30021981\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9bIJT\u6210\u5458\u5728\u5361\u62c9\u5947\u5927\u5b66\u67aa\u6740\u4e86\u4e00\u540dUSM\u6d3b\u52a8\u4eba\u58eb\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u9884\u6599\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c1981\u5e74\u5361\u62c9\u5947\u5b66\u751f\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u5f53\u5929\uff0c\u66b4\u529b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7206\u53d1\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bf9\u6297IJT\u7684\u6b66\u88c5\u5206\u652f\u201c\u96f7\u9706\u5c0f\u961f\u201d\uff0c\u4e00\u7fa4\u7531\u4ffe\u8def\u652f\u5b66\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08BSO\uff09\u7684\u6ce2\u7f57\u00b7\u4ffe\u8def\u652f\uff08Boro Baloch\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53caPSF\u7684\u5e0c\u6797\u00b7\u6c57\uff08Shireen Khan\uff09\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u6d3e\u6b66\u88c5\u5206\u5b50\u4ece\u5185\u5fb7\u5927\u5b66\uff08NED University\uff09\u8fdb\u5165\u5361\u62c9\u5947\u5927\u5b66\u3002\u5f88\u5feb\uff0c\u4e24\u6d3e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7206\u53d1\u4e86\u67aa\u6218\u3002\u6b66\u88c5\u7684IJT\u6210\u5458\u636e\u5b88\u5b66\u751f\u4f1a\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\uff0c\u800c\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u961f\u4f0d\u5219\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u9644\u8fd1\u5efa\u7b51\u5c4b\u9876\u3002\u6fc0\u70c8\u4ea4\u706b\u6301\u7eed\u7ea6\u534a\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u5747\u6709\u4eba\u5458\u53d7\u4f24\uff0c\u4f46IJT\u6210\u5458\u8fbe\u5c3c\u4ec0\u53d7\u91cd\u4f24\uff0c\u540e\u4e0d\u6cbb\u8eab\u4ea1\u3002IJT\u6210\u5458\u8fbe\u5c3c\u4ec0\uff0c1982\u5e74\u88abUSM\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5206\u5b50\u6740\u5bb3\u3002\u56fe\u6e90\uff1a\u300a\u9ece\u660e\u62a5\u300b1982\u5e74\u521d\uff0cUSM\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u515a\u6d3e\u2014\u2014\u5168\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7a46\u54c8\u5409\u5c14\u5b66\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08APMSO\uff09\u7684\u6210\u5458\u906d\u5230IJT\u963b\u62e6\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fdb\u5165\u5361\u62c9\u5947\u5927\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">APMSO\u7531\u4e00\u62791974\u5e74\u9000\u51faIJT\u7684\u524dIJT\u6210\u5458\u4e8e1978\u5e74\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u4e3a\u5361\u62c9\u5947\u7684\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u5b66\u751f\uff08\u7a46\u54c8\u5409\u5c14\u4eba\uff09\u4e89\u53d6\u6743\u76ca\u3002APMSO\u57281981\u5e74\u52a0\u5165USM\u65f6\uff0c\u81ea\u79f0\u5177\u6709\u8fdb\u6b65\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5b66\u751f\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u5374\u65e0\u529b\u4e3a\u8054\u76df\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u7684\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u62c5\u5fc3\u65e0\u6cd5\u627f\u53d7IJT\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff0cAPMSO\u5411USM\u5185\u89c4\u6a21\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u76df\u53cb\u8bf7\u6c42\u6b66\u5668\u652f\u63f4\u3002PSF\u548cNSF\u540c\u610f\u5411APMSO\u51fa\u552e\u5c11\u91cf\u9632\u5fa1\u6027\u6b66\u5668\u3002\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u4e3b\u8981\u5b66\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u90fd\u5df2\u6b66\u88c5\u8d77\u6765\u2014\u2014\u6709\u62a5\u9053\u751a\u81f3\u79f0IJT\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u6570\u5177\u706b\u7bad\u7b52\uff0c\u85cf\u533f\u4e8e\u8be5\u515a\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u5361\u62c9\u5947\u5927\u5b66\u5bbf\u820d\u5185\u30021979\u5e74\uff0cAPMSO\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u963f\u5854\u592b\u00b7\u80e1\u585e\u56e0\uff08Altaf Hussain\uff09\u5728\u5361\u62c9\u5947\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u6f14\u8bb2\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u56fe\u6e90\uff1a\u300a\u9ece\u660e\u62a5\u300b\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u5361\u62c9\u5947\u3001\u4fe1\u5fb7\u7701\u3001\u65c1\u906e\u666e\u5317\u90e8\u548c\u767d\u6c99\u74e6\u5730\u533a\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u5b66\u751f\u515a\u6d3e\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5de6\u503e\/\u8fdb\u6b65\u5b66\u751f\u8054\u76df\u5728\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u7684\u590d\u82cf\u6001\u52bf\u611f\u5230\u62c5\u5fe7\u3002\u5df4\u653f\u5e9c\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8054\u76df\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u4eba\u6c11\u515a\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u53cd\u9f50\u4e9a\u8054\u76df\u2014\u2014\u201c\u6c11\u4e3b\u590d\u539f\u8fd0\u52a8\u201d\uff08the Movement for the Restoration of Democracy\uff0cMRD\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5728\u5176\u5373\u5c06\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u6297\u8bae\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u50cfPSF\u3001NSF\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65e9\u5df2\u53c2\u4e0e\u5404\u7c7b\u53cd\u9f50\u4e9a\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u5728\u963f\u5df4\u65af\u5c06\u519b\uff08Sadiq-ur-Rashid Ibrahim Abbasi\uff09\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\u7684\u4fe1\u5fb7\u7701\u653f\u5e9c\u8b66\u544a\u5df4\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\uff1a\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5927\u4f1a\u515a\u4e00\u76f4\u652f\u6301\u9f50\u4e9a\u519b\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u5e76\u5229\u7528\u5176\u5b66\u751f\u7ffcIJT\u538b\u5236\u6559\u80b2\u673a\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u53cd\u653f\u6cbb\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e0e\u601d\u6f6e\uff0c\u4f461981\u81f31982\u5e74\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0cIJT\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u6b63\u5728\u8fc5\u901f\u8870\u9000\u3002\u4fe1\u5fb7\u7701\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u987e\u95ee\u4eec\u8fd8\u8b66\u544a\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f1a\u52a0\u5267\u6821\u56ed\u66b4\u529b\uff0c\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u66b4\u529b\u6d3b\u52a8\u8f6c\u5411\u9488\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u540c\u65f6\u6307\u51fa\uff0cIJT\u6b63\u5728\u8fc5\u901f\u8131\u79bb\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5927\u4f1a\u515a\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u8303\u56f4\u30021983\u5e74\u5b66\u751f\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\uff0cIJT\u5728\u65c1\u906e\u666e\u5927\u5b66\uff08PU\uff09\u906d\u9047\u8fdb\u6b65\u6d3e\u7684\u731b\u70c8\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u800cPSF\u5219\u5728\u65c1\u906e\u666e\u7701\u534a\u57ce\u5e02\u5730\u533a\u7684\u9ad8\u6821\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u5927\u83b7\u5168\u80dc\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u65c1\u906e\u666e\u8fdb\u6b65\u5b66\u751f\u8054\u76df\uff08The Punjab Progressive Students Alliance\uff09\u4ecd\u7136\u7531NSF\u3001PSF\u4ee5\u53caDSF\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u5b66\u751f\u8054\u76df\uff08Istaqlal Students Federation\uff0cISF\uff09\u548c\u771f\u7eb3\u5b66\u751f\u8054\u76df\uff08Quaid-e-Azam Students Federation\uff0cQSF\uff09\u65d7\u4e0b\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u56e2\u4f53\u9886\u5bfc\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u5728\u62c9\u74e6\u5c14\u54c1\u7b2c\u5404\u9ad8\u6821\u4ee5\u53ca\u771f\u7eb3\u5927\u5b66\uff08Quaid-e-Azam University\uff09\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u5927\u83b7\u5168\u80dc\uff1b\u800cPSF\u5219\u5728\u767d\u6c99\u74e6\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u65a9\u83b7\u6700\u591a\u5b66\u751f\u4f1a\u5e2d\u4f4d\u3002IJT\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u591a\u6570\u9ad8\u6821\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u906d\u9047\u5168\u9762\u632b\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">1984\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u6709\u6d88\u606f\u79f0\uff0c\u8482\u666e\u5df2\u88ab\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u5580\u5e03\u5c14\u5f53\u5c40\u5904\u51b3\u3002\u8482\u666e\u5bf9\u7a46\u5c14\u5854\u624e\u00b7\u5e03\u6258\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u636e\u79f0\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5e03\u6258\u4e4b\u5b50\u5df2\u5bf9\u8482\u666e\u65e5\u6e10\u731c\u5fcc\u3002\u8482\u666e\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u57cb\u846c\u5728\u5580\u5e03\u5c14\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u5e74\u534f\u52a9\u4ed6\u52ab\u6301\u5df4\u822a\u5ba2\u673a\u7684PSF\u540c\u50da\u5219\u6d41\u4ea1\u5229\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5b9a\u5c45\u30021984\u5e74\u5361\u62c9\u5947\u5b66\u751f\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u524d\u5915\uff0c\u5df4\u653f\u5e9c\u7a81\u7136\u5ba3\u5e03\u5168\u9762\u53d6\u7f14\u5b66\u751f\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u7406\u7531\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u66b4\u529b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9891\u53d1\u3002\u4f46\u5b9e\u8d28\u52a8\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\u60c5\u62a5\u663e\u793a\uff1a\u53cd\u653f\u5e9c\u5b66\u751f\u8054\u76df\u5df2\u5f62\u6210\u5f3a\u52b2\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u52bf\u5934\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u52a8\u80fd\uff0c\u6781\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6380\u8d77\u65b0\u4e00\u8f6e\u5b66\u751f\u8fd0\u52a8\u2014\u2014\u5c31\u50cf20\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u90a3\u573a\u6700\u7ec8\u63a8\u7ffb\u963f\u5c24\u5e03\u00b7\u6c57\uff08Ayub Khan\uff09\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e00\u6837\u3002IJT\u57281983\u5e74\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5404\u5730\u5b66\u751f\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u906d\u9047\u7684\u5168\u9762\u6e83\u8d25\uff0c\u5df2\u7136\u6e05\u695a\u5370\u8bc1\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5c40\u52bf\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u6700\u5177\u8bbd\u523a\u610f\u5473\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u7981\u4ee4\uff0cIJT\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u51fa\u4e4e\u610f\u6599\uff1a\u5b83\u516c\u7136\u8fdd\u6297\u6bcd\u515a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5927\u4f1a\u515a\u5bf9\u7981\u4ee4\u7684\u652f\u6301\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u751f\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u6297\u8bae\u9635\u8425\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8981\u6c42\u6bcd\u515a\u64a4\u56de\u5bf9\u9f50\u4e9a\u653f\u6743\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5728\u5361\u62c9\u5947\uff0c\u6297\u8bae\u6d3b\u52a8\u6700\u4e3a\u6fc0\u70c8\u2014\u2014\u4e24\u4e2a\u6708\u5185\uff0cIJT\u3001PSF\u548cNSF\u7684\u6210\u5458\u711a\u70e7\u4e86\u6570\u5341\u8f86\u653f\u5e9c\u8f66\u8f86\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u9632\u66b4\u8b66\u5bdf\u5c55\u5f00\u8857\u5934\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u5728\u6765\u81ea\u5b66\u751f\u7ffcIJT\u7684\u538b\u529b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5927\u4f1a\u515a\uff08Jamaat-e-Islami\uff09\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u652f\u6301\u9f50\u4e9a\u5df2\u5f00\u59cb\u7ed9\u672c\u515a\u5e26\u6765\u8d1f\u9762\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6536\u655b\u4e86\u5bf9\u9f50\u4e9a\u519b\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u9732\u9aa8\u652f\u6301\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8be5\u515a\u4e0e\u5f53\u5c40\u8fbe\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u79d8\u5bc6\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u5411\u653f\u5e9c\u63d0\u4f9b\u95f4\u63a5\u652f\u6301\u2014\u2014\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u9879\u5173\u952e\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u5fc5\u987b\u5141\u8bb8IJT\u5728\u5927\u5b66\u6821\u56ed\u7ee7\u7eed\u81ea\u7531\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u8fd9\u9879\u534f\u8bae\u5bfc\u81f4IJT\u7a81\u7136\u5ba3\u5e03\u9000\u51fa\u53cd\u7981\u4ee4\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u5c40\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9USM\u548c\u65c1\u906e\u666e\u8fdb\u6b65\u5b66\u751f\u8054\u76df\u8fdb\u884c\u65b0\u4e00\u8f6e\u9547\u538b\u30021984\u5e74\u4e34\u8fd1\u5c81\u672b\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u8be5\u5e74\u5ea6\u5b66\u751f\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u5ba3\u544a\u53d6\u6d88\u3002\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c1983\u5e74\u6210\u4e3a\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u4e3e\u884c\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u5b66\u751f\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"margin:1.8em 0 .75em;padding-left:12px;border-left:4px solid #2f5d9f;font-size:1.18em;line-height:1.55;font-weight:700;color:#14213d;\">\u4e94\u3001\u65e5\u6e10\u5f0f\u5fae\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b66\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u516c\u7acb\u9ad8\u6821\u4f9d\u7136\u6d3b\u8dc3\uff0c\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u53c2\u4e0e\u5b66\u751f\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9009\u4e3e\u88ab\u5f53\u5c40\u5ba3\u5e03\u65e0\u6548\u3002\u81ea20\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u4f20\u7edf\u5b66\u751f\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u5f0f\u5fae\uff0c\u5404\u7c7b\u9ad8\u6821\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u79c1\u7acb\u9662\u6821\uff09\u5f00\u59cb\u88ab\u67d0\u4e9b\u96be\u4ee5\u6349\u6478\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u6cbb\u56e2\u4f53\u6084\u7136\u6e17\u900f\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e2\u4f53\u672a\u80fd\u5728\u516c\u7acb\u6821\u56ed\u7acb\u8db3\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f20\u7edf\u5b66\u751f\u515a\u6d3e\u4ecd\u5360\u636e\u7740\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9635\u5730\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u5174\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u53d7\u4f17\uff0c\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u8eab\u5904\u201c\u8150\u8d25\u6c11\u4e3b\u201d\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u7684\u795e\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u9752\u5e74\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u6b63\u5bf9\u201c\u65b0\u601d\u60f3\u201d\u6301\u5f00\u653e\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e2\u4f53\uff08\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u673a\u6784\u4e2d\uff09\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u5b66\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u4eec\u58f0\u79f0\u8fdc\u79bb\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5e2e\u52a9\u5b66\u751f\u6210\u4e3a\u66f4\u4f18\u79c0\u3001\u66f4\u6210\u529f\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u5165\u79c1\u7acb\u6821\u56ed\u7684\u4e24\u5927\u4e3b\u8981\u56e2\u4f53\u5747\u5177\u6709\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u80cc\u666f\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u7684\u8fbe\u74e6\u5ba3\u6559\u56e2\uff08Tableeghi Jamaat\uff09\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u89e3\u653e\u515a\uff08Hizb-ut-Tahrir\uff09\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u6700\u521d\u6210\u7acb\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u5efa\u7acb\u73b0\u4ee3\u54c8\u91cc\u53d1\u56fd\u3002\u6df1\u77e5\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u5bf920\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u516c\u7acb\u6821\u56ed\u4f20\u7edf\u5b66\u751f\u56e2\u4f53\u66b4\u529b\u884c\u5f84\u7684\u538c\u6076\uff0c\u8fbe\u74e6\u5ba3\u6559\u56e2\u548c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u89e3\u653e\u515a\u8f6c\u800c\u4ee5\u66f4\u5177\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u7684\u8bae\u7a0b\u6e17\u900f\u79c1\u7acb\u6559\u80b2\u673a\u6784\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e2\u4f53\u4e0d\u5ba3\u626c\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u6539\u9020\u2014\u2014\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u6307\u5bfc\u5b66\u751f\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u8a00\u884c\u4e3e\u6b62\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u66f4\u5408\u683c\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u201d\uff08better Muslims\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u4f46\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u663e\u7136\u5e76\u975e\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u5b8c\u5168\u7edd\u7f18\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u89e3\u653e\u515a\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u4ecd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u201c\u7edf\u4e00\u4e4c\u739b\u201d\uff08unify the ummah\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5efa\u7acb\u73b0\u4ee3\u54c8\u91cc\u53d1\u56fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u6807\uff09\u4e3a\u7eb2\u9886\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u8be5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5c5e\u4e8e\u975e\u6cd5\u56e2\u4f53\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u89e3\u653e\u515a\u3001\u8fbe\u74e6\u5ba3\u6559\u56e2\u5728\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u79c1\u7acb\u9662\u6821\u7684\u5e03\u9053\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8bb8\u591a\u5df4\u5b66\u751f\u8d8b\u8fd1\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u540e\u51b7\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u53f3\u7ffc\u6fc0\u8fdb\u56e2\u4f53\u6240\u515c\u552e\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u6216\u8bb8\u9020\u5c31\u4e86\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u6700\u4e3a\u4fdd\u5b88\u3001\u5374\u4e5f\u6700\u4e3a\u8106\u5f31\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u9752\u5e74\u4e00\u4ee3\u3002\u652f\u6301\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u89e3\u653e\u515a\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u5973\u6027\u3002\u56fe\u6e90\uff1a\u300a\u9ece\u660e\u62a5\u300b\u4f5c\u8005\u7b80\u4ecb\uff1a\u7eb3\u8fea\u59c6\u00b7F\u00b7\u5e15\u62c9\u67e5\uff08Nadeem F. Paracha\uff09\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u8bb0\u8005\u3001\u6587\u5316\u8bc4\u8bba\u5bb6\u3001\u4f5c\u5bb6\u53ca\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u4e3a\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u4e3b\u6d41\u82f1\u6587\u5a92\u4f53\uff08\u5982\u300a\u9ece\u660e\u62a5\u300b\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u65b0\u95fb\u62a5\u300b\uff09\u53ca\u5370\u5ea6\u90e8\u5206\u62a5\u7eb8\u64b0\u7a3f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53cd\u4f20\u7edf\u3001\u8bbd\u523a\u98ce\u683c\u95fb\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u672c\u6587\u7f16\u8bd1\u81ea\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u300a\u9ece\u660e\u62a5\u300b\uff08Dawn\uff092014\u5e747\u67083\u65e5\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u539f\u6807\u9898\u4e3aStudent politics in Pakistan: A celebration, lament &amp; history\uff0c\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\u4e3a\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dawn.com\/news\/1116782\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.dawn.com\/news\/1116782\/<\/a>\u672c\u671f\u7f16\u8f91\uff1a\u6797\u7199\u6cc7\u672c\u671f\u5ba1\u6838\uff1a\u5355\u654f\u654f<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5df4\u5b66\u751f\u653f\u6cbb\u4ece\u5efa\u56fd\u521d\u671f\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u8109\u7edc\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b66\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u653f\u515a\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7ebf\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u5f81\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u5b66\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f9d\u9644\u6027\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u62c9\u952f\u4e0e\u5f02\u5316\uff0c\u4e09\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e72\u9884\u7684\u8f6c\u6298\u6027\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[9],"class_list":["post-5524","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-8","tag-9"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nyyjtx.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5524","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nyyjtx.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nyyjtx.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nyyjtx.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nyyjtx.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5524"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/nyyjtx.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5524\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nyyjtx.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5524"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nyyjtx.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5524"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nyyjtx.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5524"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}