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Art\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u201c\u5370\u5ea6\u65af\u5766\u8bed\u201d\u201c\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u201d\u201c\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u201d\u4e09\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u7518\u5730\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 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movement\uff09\u76f8\u4f34\u800c\u751f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u8be5\u8fd0\u52a8\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u5929\u57ce\u4f53\u4e66\u5199\u7684\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u52a8\u4f5c\u662f1868\u5e74\u5370\u5ea6\u5b66\u8005\u5df4\u5e03\u00b7\u5e0c\u74e6\u00b7\u666e\u62c9\u8428\u5fb7\uff08Babu Shiva Prasad\uff09\u53d1\u8868\u300a\u6cd5\u5ead\u5b57\u6bcd\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\u300b\uff08Memorandum on Court Characters\uff09\u3002\u8be5\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\u8981\u6c42\u201c\u5c06\u6ce2\u65af\u5b57\u6bcd\u9010\u51fa\u6cd5\u5ead\uff0c\u7531\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e4b\u201d\u30021873\u5e74\uff0c\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u8fd0\u52a8\u6b63\u5f0f\u5c06\u5df4\u5e03\u00b7\u5e0c\u74e6\u00b7\u666e\u62c9\u8428\u5fb7\u7684\u8bc9\u6c42\u63d0\u4ea4\u7ed9\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u897f\u5317\u7701\u603b\u7763\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u7f2a\u5c14\uff08Willam Muir\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u672a\u83b7\u6210\u529f\u3002\u4f461881\u5e74\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u8fd0\u52a8\u53d6\u5f97\u91cd\u8981\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u6bd4\u54c8\u5c14\u7701\u51b3\u5b9a\u7531\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8be5\u7701\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 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style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u5982\u53d1\u8a00\u4eba\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u5370\u5ea6\u65af\u5766\u8bed\u6216\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u82f1\u8bed\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u7701\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002[15] 1931\u5e743\u670829-31\u65e5\uff0c\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u5728\u5361\u62c9\u5947\u53ec\u5f00\u5e74\u4f1a\uff0c\u5e74\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u57fa\u672c\u6743\u5229\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u51b3\u8bae\u627f\u8bfa\u201c\u4fdd\u62a4\u5c11\u6570\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u548c\u6587\u5b57\u201d\u3002[16] 1931\u5e743\u670831\u65e5\uff0c\u7518\u5730\u5728\u5e74\u4f1a\u4e0a\u53d1\u8a00\u4e13\u95e8\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u6761\u505a\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u9610\u91ca\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u52aa\u529b\u5b66\u4e60\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u548c\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u575a\u6301\u201d\u3002[17] 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1.05em;\">\u201d[18]\u4e3a\u5e94\u5bf9\u5370\u5ea6\u6c11\u65cf\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u8bae\u4f1a1935\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u300a\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff0c\u82f1\u5370\u653f\u5e9c\u5e76\u4e8e1937\u5e74\u4e3e\u884c\u4e86\u7701\u8bae\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u548c\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u8054\u76df\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u65e5\u76ca\u6fc0\u70c8\uff0c\u9009\u4e3e\u524d\u540e\u7684\u8bae\u9898\u7ea0\u845b\u8fc5\u901f\u6fc0\u5316\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u95ee\u9898\u4fbf\u662f\u53cc\u65b9\u4e89\u8bba\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u8054\u76df\u4e8e1936\u5e744\u670811-12\u65e5\u53ec\u5f00\u5b5f\u4e70\u5e74\u4f1a\u3002\u9488\u5bf9\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8981\u6c42\u5c06\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u5217\u4e3a\u552f\u4e00\u56fd\u8bed\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5e74\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u51b3\u8bae\u8981\u6c42\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u6743\u5229\u548c\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u81ea\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e0d\u5408\u4f5c\u8fd0\u52a8\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u8054\u76df\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u51b3\u8bae\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u5730\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5728\u8be5\u51b3\u8bae\u4e2d\uff0c\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u8054\u76df\u5c06\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u89c6\u4e3a\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u5f92\u548c\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u6587\u5316\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u7edf\u4e00\u6c11\u65cf\uff08united nationality\uff09\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5c06\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\uff08Urdu speaking people of India\uff09\u7684\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\uff0c\u5e76\u672a\u5c06\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u4e0e\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8eab\u4efd\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002[19] 1938\u5e743\u670817\u65e5\uff0c\u771f\u7eb3\u81f4\u4fe1\u5c3c\u8d6b\u9c81\u63d0\u51fa\u5341\u56db\u70b9\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u8981\u6c42\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5370\u5ea6\u56fd\u8bed\uff0c\u5e76\u9700\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u53d7\u5230\u538b\u5236\u6216\u7834\u574f\u3002\u201d [20] \u771f\u7eb3\u5728\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u8054\u76df1938\u5e74\u5e15\u7279\u7eb3\u5e74\u4f1a\u4e0a\u81f4\u8f9e\u6279\u8bc4\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u5f3a\u884c\u63a8\u5e7f\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u7248\u7684\u56fd\u65d7\u548c\u56fd\u6b4c\uff0c\u5728\u6d89\u53ca\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u65f6\u79f0\u201c\u73b0\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u5bf9\u5370\u5730\u2014\u5370\u5ea6\u65af\u5766\u8bed\u8ba1\u5212\u6b63\u4f01\u56fe\u627c\u6740\u548c\u538b\u5236\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u6709\u7591\u95ee\u5417\uff1f<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u201d [21]\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u56fd\u7236\u771f\u7eb3\uff0c\u56fe\u6e90\uff1aNational Archives Islamabad\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u548c\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u8981\u6c42\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u5c31\u56fd\u8bed\u95ee\u9898\u505a\u51fa\u5168\u9762\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u30021937\u5e747\u670810\u65e5\uff0c\u7518\u5730\u81f4\u4fe1\u5c3c\u8d6b\u9c81\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u671f\u5f85\u4f60\u5c3d\u65e9\u5199\u5199\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u2014\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bdd\u9898\u3002\u201d[22]1937\u5e74\uff0c\u5c3c\u8d6b\u9c81\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u957f\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u300a\u8bed\u8a00\u95ee\u9898\u300b\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u4ed6\u5bf9\u89e3\u51b3\u5370\u5ea6\u8bed\u8a00\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u201c\u552f\u4e00\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u5168\u5370\u901a\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u65af\u5766\u8bed\u201d\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u65af\u5766\u8bed\u65e2\u5305\u62ec\u5370\u5730\u8bed\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u3002[23] 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nationality\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4ece\u5b97\u6559\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u98ce\u4fd7\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u51fa\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u5730\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">[26]\u4e00\u822c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u8054\u76df\u8fdb\u884c\u653f\u6cbb\u52a8\u5458\u5e76\u6210\u529f\u5efa\u7acb\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4e24\u9879\u91cd\u8981\u6587\u5316\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u771f\u7eb3\u56de\u907f\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u5730\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898\u6070\u6070\u8bc1\u660e\u5728\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u5730\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u53cc\u65b9\u4e89\u8bba\u5df2\u6ca1\u90a3\u4e48\u5927\uff0c\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u8054\u76df\u5df2\u4e3b\u8981\u8f6c\u5411\u5bf9\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u5177\u4f53\u751f\u5b58\u72b6\u51b5\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u95ee\u9898\u7edd\u4e0d\u662f\u65e0\u5fc3\u4e4b\u5931\u3002\u771f\u7eb31948\u5e742\u670819\u65e5\u9762\u5411\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u4eba\u6c11\u53d1\u8868\u5e7f\u64ad\u8c08\u8bdd\u65f6\uff0c\u8c08\u53ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e1c\u5df4\u548c\u897f\u5df4\u4eba\u6c11\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u65f6\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u4ece\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u4e60\u4fd7\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u672a\u63d0\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u95ee\u9898\u3002[27]<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u4e09\u3001\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u786e\u7acb\u4e0e\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5baa\u6cd5\u5730\u4f4d\u5370\u5df4\u5206\u6cbb\u524d\u540e\uff0c\u5c3c\u8d6b\u9c81\u7b49\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u4eba\u4ecd\u575a\u6301\u5c06\u5370\u5ea6\u65af\u5766\u8bed\u5b9a\u4e3a\u56fd\u8bed\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u5236\u5baa\u4f1a\u8bae\u8bae\u4e8b\u89c4\u5219\u89c4\u5b9a\u8bae\u4e8b\u7528\u5370\u5ea6\u65af\u5766\u8bed\uff08\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u6216\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\uff09\u6216\u82f1\u8bed\u30021947\u5e747\u67084\u65e5\uff0c\u5c3c\u8d6b\u9c81\u4ee3\u8868\u8054\u90a6\u5baa\u6cd5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u63d0\u4ea4\u7ed9\u5236\u5baa\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u8349\u6848\u7b2c16\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\u201c\u8054\u90a6\u8bae\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e8b\u5e94\u7528\u5370\u5ea6\u65af\u5766\u8bed\uff08\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u6216\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\uff09\u6216\u82f1\u8bed\u201d\u3002[28] \u5236\u5baa\u4f1a\u8bae\u57fa\u672c\u6743\u5229\u5206\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u62a5\u544a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5efa\u8bae\u5c06\u4ee5\u5929\u57ce\u4f53\u6216\u6ce2\u65af\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e66\u5199\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u65af\u5766\u8bed\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5370\u5ea6\u56fd\u8bed\u3002[29] \u4f461947\u5e747\u6708\u4e2d\u65ec\u4ee5\u540e\u5370\u5ea6\u5236\u5baa\u4f1a\u8bae\u5bf9\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u65af\u5766\u8bed\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u53d1\u751f\u5de8\u5927\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u80cc\u666f\u5c31\u662f\u5370\u5df4\u5206\u6cbb\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">1947\u5e747\u670814\u65e5\uff0c\u5e15\u7279\u5c14\u5411\u5236\u5baa\u4f1a\u8bae\u63d0\u4ea4\u7701\u5baa\u6cd5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08Provincial Constitution Committee\uff09\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\u8be5\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u201c\u5370\u5ea6\u65af\u5766\u8bed\u201d\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u5168\u90e8\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u201d\u30027\u670816\u65e5\uff0c\u5236\u5baa\u4f1a\u8bae\u5185\u7684\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u515a\u56e2\uff08Congress Assembly Party\uff09\u4e3e\u884c\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u4ee563\uff1a32\u7684\u591a\u6570\u7968\u51b3\u5b9a\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u65af\u5766\u8bed\u5e94\u6210\u4e3a\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u56fd\u8bed\uff08National Language\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u540e\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u8fc5\u901f\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u4e86\u5236\u5baa\u4f1a\u8bae\u5173\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002[30]\u771f\u7eb3\u4e8e1948\u5e743\u6708\u5ba3\u5e03\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u5c06\u662f\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u552f\u4e00\u56fd\u8bed\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5370\u5df4\u5206\u6cbb\u540e\uff0c\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u8054\u76df\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u5171\u540c\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u8eab\u4efd\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u518d\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5bfb\u627e\u5efa\u6784\u5171\u540c\u6c11\u65cf\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u6709\u529b\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u30021948\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u771f\u7eb3\u5728\u8fbe\u5361\u5927\u5b66\u53d1\u8868\u6f14\u8bb2\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u662f\u6b21\u5927\u9646\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u767e\u4e07\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u54fa\u80b2\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u662f\u5168\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5747\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u7701\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u6700\u80fd\u4f53\u73b0\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6587\u5316\u548c\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u3002\u201d[31]\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c06\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u4e0e\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u548c\u6b21\u5927\u9646\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u5370\u5ea6\u56fd\u5185\u5bf9\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u523a\u6fc0\u5370\u5ea6\u56fd\u5185\u5c06\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u89c6\u4e3a\u5206\u88c2\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u654c\u56fd\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u5370\u5df4\u5206\u6cbb\u540e\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u529b\u91cf\u5bf9\u6bd4\u53d1\u751f\u91cd\u5927\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5ba3\u5e03\u672a\u6765\u4f1a\u5c06\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u5b9a\u4e3a\u552f\u4e00\u56fd\u8bed\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u5747\u5bfc\u81f4\u5370\u5236\u5baa\u4f1a\u8bae\u5185\u90e8\u66f4\u4e3a\u652f\u6301\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u3001\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5c06\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u5b9a\u4e3a\u56fd\u8bed\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u8fc5\u901f\u589e\u5f3a\u3002\u53c2\u4e0e\u5236\u5baa\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u6851\u5854\u5357\uff08K. Santhanam\uff09\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u65af\u5766\u8bed\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u8bed\uff0c\u4f46\u53cd\u5bf9\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7684\u6012\u706b\u8f6c\u5411\u4e86\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u3002\u201d\u300a\u5370\u5ea6\u65af\u5766\u65f6\u62a5\u300b1947\u5e747\u670817\u65e5\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5236\u5baa\u4f1a\u8bae\u6210\u5458\u201c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5173\u4e8e\u56fd\u8bed\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u5fc5\u987b\u91cd\u65b0\u8003\u8651\u201d\u3002[32] 1949\u5e749\u6708\u51fa\u53f0\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u5370\u5ea6\u8bed\u8a00\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u8349\u6848\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u5370\u5ea6\u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\uff08Official Language\uff09\u662f\u4ee5\u5929\u57ce\u4f53\u4e66\u5199\u7684\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">[33] \u5173\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6709\u5173\u6761\u6b3e\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u591a\u6b21\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u83b7\u5f97\u901a\u8fc7\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u5baa\u6cd5\u6d89\u53ca\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e3b\u8981\u6d89\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u65b9\u9762\uff1a<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u65af\u5766\u8bed\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u5728\u56fd\u8bed\u4e4b\u5916\u3002\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c343\u6761\u7b2c1\u6b3e\u89c4\u5b9a\u201c\u8054\u90a6\u4e4b\u5b98\u7528\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u5e94\u4e3a\u68b5\u6587\u5b57\u4f53\u4e4b\u5370\u5ea6\u6587\u201d\u3002[34] \u5b98\u7528\u6587\u5b57\u5373\u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u68b5\u6587\u5b57\u4f53\u4e4b\u5370\u5ea6\u6587\u5373\u5929\u57ce\u4f53\u4e66\u5199\u7684\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u3002\u8be5\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\u6b63\u5f0f\u786e\u8ba4\u4e86\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5357\u65b9\u4ee3\u8868\u53cd\u5bf9\u5c06\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u5b9a\u4e3a\u56fd\u8bed,\u56e0\u6b64\u8be5\u6761\u6b3e\u4ec5\u5c06\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\u3002[35]<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u7531\u56fd\u8bed\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u53d7\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u4e16\u4fd7\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u6846\u67b6\u5185\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u7b49\u975e\u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6761\u6b3e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6761\u6b3e\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5c11\u6570\u7fa4\u4f53\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4b\u6743\u5229\u3002\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c30\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\u8bed\u8a00\u5c11\u6570\u7fa4\u4f53\uff08linguistic minorities 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1.05em;\">\u590d\u5408\u6587\u5316\u662f\u5c3c\u8d6b\u9c81\u4e16\u4fd7\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5728\u5c3c\u8d6b\u9c81\u770b\u6765\u5370\u5ea6\u6587\u5316\u662f\u591a\u5143\u4e00\u4f53\u7684\u590d\u5408\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u6c11\u65cf\u5c31\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u590d\u5408\u6587\u5316\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\u3002\u7b2c351\u6761\u8d4b\u4e88\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u5efa\u6784\u590d\u5408\u6587\u5316\u7684\u804c\u80fd\uff0c\u5efa\u6784\u590d\u5408\u6587\u5316\u9700\u4f18\u5148\u4ece\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u548c\u68b5\u6587\u5904\u5438\u6536\u8425\u517b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\u66f2\u6298\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u4e16\u4fd7\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u76f8\u5bf9\u66f2\u6298\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u7a81\u51fa\u4e86\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u5bf9\u5370\u5ea6\u590d\u5408\u6587\u5316\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u51f8\u663e\u4e86\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5bf9\u5370\u5ea6\u5efa\u6784\u4e16\u4fd7\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u8fd9\u79cd\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8c61\u5f81\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u56fd\u5185\u5bf9\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u5341\u5206\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u652f\u6301\u8005\u4e0d\u4f46\u5c06\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u89c6\u4e3a\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u5f02\u56fd\u4e43\u81f3\u654c\u56fd\u4e4b\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5370\u5ea6\u5baa\u6cd5\u57fa\u672c\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u79cd\u79cd\u652f\u6301\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u4f46\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u5728\u72ec\u7acb\u540e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u524d\u9014\u7ea0\u7f20\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4e00\u6ce2\u4e09\u6298\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u56db\u3001\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u56f0\u5883\u4e0e\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4e89\u53d6\u8bed\u8a00\u6743\u5229\u5370\u5ea6\u72ec\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u654c\u56fd\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5e94\u4e3a\u5370\u5df4\u5206\u88c2\u8d1f\u8d23\u30021948\u5e74\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u91cd\u8981\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u666e\u9c81\u6c99\u5854\u59c6\u00b7\u8fbe\u65af\u00b7\u4e39\u987f\uff08Purushottam Das Tandon\uff09\u79f0\uff0c\u201c\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u8c61\u5f81\u7740\u5916\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u624d\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u591a\u6837\u5316\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u56e0\u7d20\u201d\u3002[44] \u6851\u5854\u5357\u66fe\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u53cd\u5bf9\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7684\u6012\u706b\u8f6c\u5411\u4e86\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u3002\u201d[45] \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u8fc5\u901f\u8fb9\u7f18\u5316\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u90a6\u4e00\u7ea7\u88ab\u6324\u51fa\u884c\u653f\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u6559\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u5317\u65b9\u90a6\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u662f\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u7684\u6545\u4e61\uff0c\u6bd4\u54c8\u5c14\u90a6\u53f7\u79f0\u662f\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6545\u4e61\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u90a6\u7684\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u4eba\u53e3\u4e3a\u6570\u4e0d\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">[46] \u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u90a6\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u906d\u5230\u7684\u6392\u65a5\u6700\u4e3a\u7a81\u51fa\u30021947\u5e7410\u67088\u65e5\uff0c\u5317\u65b9\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u5373\u53d1\u5e03\u884c\u653f\u547d\u4ee4\u89c4\u5b9a\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u662f\u8be5\u90a6\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u884c\u653f\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u7518\u5730\u5728\u62a5\u7eb8\u4e0a\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u6d88\u606f\u540e\u8868\u793a\u5f3a\u70c8\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u4f46\u65e0\u6d4e\u4e8e\u4e8b\u3002[47] 1950\u5e7411\u670829\u65e5\uff0c\u6bd4\u54c8\u5c14\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u901a\u8fc7\u300a\u6bd4\u54c8\u5c14\u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08Bihar Official Language Act,1950\uff09\u89c4\u5b9a\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u4e3a\u552f\u4e00\u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\u30021951\u5e74\uff0c\u5317\u65b9\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u53c8\u901a\u8fc7\u300a\u5317\u65b9\u90a6\u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08UP Official Language Act,1951\uff09\u5c061947\u5e74\u884c\u653f\u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5f62\u5f0f\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e0b\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u540c\u6837\u9762\u4e34\u88ab\u6392\u6324\u7684\u5883\u9047\u3002\u5317\u65b9\u90a6\u521d\u9ad8\u4e2d\u6559\u80b2\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08the UP Board of High School and Intermediate Education\uff09\u51b3\u5b9a\u81ea1953\u5e74\u8d77\u4e2d\u5b66\u8003\u8bd5\u4ee5\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u4e3a\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u8003\u8bd5\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5317\u65b9\u90a6\u548c\u6bd4\u54c8\u5c14\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u8fd8\u505c\u6b62\u8d44\u52a9\u4ee5\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u4e3a\u6559\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u3002[48]\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u4e5f\u9762\u4e34\u5f88\u5927\u751f\u5b58\u538b\u529b\u30021954\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u5de5\u4f5c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5efa\u8bae\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u5728\u5404\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u4e2d\u5c06\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u5217\u4e3a\u5fc5\u4fee\u79d1\u76ee\u3002[49] \u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u6c11\u540c\u76df\u5de5\u4f5c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a1954\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u51b3\u8bae\u4e2d\u79f0\uff1a\u201c\u672c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u575a\u4fe1\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u4e0d\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u533a\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u53ea\u662f\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u3002\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u662f\u5728\u5916\u56fd\u7edf\u6cbb\u671f\u95f4\u5c06\u5916\u56fd\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e66\u5199\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u5916\u56fd\u8bcd\u6c47\u5f3a\u52a0\u7ed9\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u53c8\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e9b\u6559\u6d3e\u56e0\u7d20\u6240\u652f\u6301\u3002\u201d[50] 1954\u5e74\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u6c11\u540c\u76df\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u5ba3\u8a00\u62d2\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5ba3\u5e03\u5c06\u91c7\u53d6\u63aa\u65bd\u53d6\u6d88\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u5728\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u5217\u8bed\u8a00\u5730\u4f4d\u3002[51]\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u6392\u6324\uff0c\u603b\u7406\u5c3c\u8d6b\u9c81\u611f\u53d7\u6700\u4e3a\u6df1\u5207\u30021953\u5e749\u670820\u65e5\uff0c\u5c3c\u8d6b\u9c81\u81f4\u4fe1\u5404\u90a6\u9996\u5e2d\u90e8\u957f\u79f0\uff1a\u201c\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u5b83\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u8bb8\u591a\u5730\u533a\u7684\u906d\u9047\u4ee4\u6211\u6781\u5ea6\u5fe7\u8651\u201d\uff0c\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u7684\u906d\u9047\u201c\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u4f24\u5bb3\u5f88\u5927\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u611f\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u53cd\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u73cd\u89c6\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">[52] 1948\u5e7412\u67082\u65e5\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u6cf0\u5409\u00b7\u5df4\u54c8\u675c\u5c14\u00b7\u8428\u666e\u9c81\uff08Tej Bahadur Sapru\uff09\u81f4\u4fe1\u5c3c\u8d6b\u9c81\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u5bf9\u5317\u65b9\u90a6\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5bf9\u8bed\u8a00\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u5f88\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\u3002\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5b66\u4e60\u5370\u5730\u8bed\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u8981\u5fd8\u8bb0\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u4e0d\u662f\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u201d[53] \u4f26\u6566\u5927\u5b66\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u6587\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u62c9\u5c14\u592b\u00b7\u7f57\u7d20(Ralph Russell)1949\u20141950\u5e74\u95f4\u66fe\u5728\u963f\u91cc\u52a0\u5c14\uff08Aligar\uff09\u8bbf\u5b66\u3002\u4ed6\u56de\u5fc6\u8bf4\u5f53\u65f6\u5728\u5317\u65b9\u90a6\u3001\u6bd4\u54c8\u5c14\u90a6\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u6838\u5fc3\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u60f3\u5c3d\u4e00\u5207\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u6bc1\u706d\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u3002[54]\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u63aa\u65bd\u4e89\u53d6\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u6700\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u662f\u5728\u5317\u65b9\u90a6\u548c\u6bd4\u54c8\u5c14\u90a6\u53d1\u8d77\u8981\u6c42\u5c06\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u5217\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">1954\u5e742\u670815\u65e5\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u4fc3\u8fdb\u534f\u4f1a\u6d3e\u51fa\u4ee3\u8868\u56e2\u5411\u603b\u7edf\u62c9\u91d1\u5fb7\u00b7\u666e\u62c9\u8428\u5fb7\u63d0\u4ea4\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u603b\u7edf\u63f4\u5f15\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c347\u6761\u786e\u8ba4\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u5728\u662f\u5317\u65b9\u90a6\u7684\u5730\u533a\u8bed\u8a00\uff08regional language\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u5728\u5168\u90a6\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u884c\u653f\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8be5\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\u8fd8\u6536\u96c6\u4e86270\u4e07\u4e2a\u7b7e\u540d\u4ee5\u8bc1\u660e\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u5730\u4f4d\u662f\u5317\u65b9\u90a6\u5f88\u5927\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002[55] 1956\u5e742\u670824\u65e5\uff0c\u4e00\u652f\u6bd4\u54c8\u5c14\u90a6\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u4ee3\u8868\u56e2\u5411\u5370\u5ea6\u603b\u7edf\u62c9\u91d1\u5fb7\u00b7\u666e\u62c9\u8428\u5fb7\u63d0\u4ea4\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u603b\u7edf\u63f4\u5f15\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c347\u6761\u786e\u8ba4\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u5728\u6bd4\u54c8\u5c14\u90a6\u7684\u5730\u533a\u8bed\u8a00\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u8be5\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\u5f81\u96c6\u4e8691.5\u4e07\u4e2a\u7b7e\u540d\u3002[56]\u4e24\u6b21\u8bf7\u613f\u8fd0\u52a8\u58f0\u52bf\u90fd\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5747\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u4e0d\u662f\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u72ec\u6709\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u5f92\u548c\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5171\u6709\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u590d\u5408\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u5747\u4ee5\u5931\u8d25\u544a\u7ec8\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u5c3c\u8d6b\u9c81\u7684\u7406\u7531\u662f\u8bf7\u613f\u8fd0\u52a8\u672a\u5148\u884c\u4e0e\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u6c9f\u901a\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u201c\u4f1a\u5236\u9020\u67d0\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u5371\u673a\u201d\u4ee4\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898\u66f4\u52a0\u68d8\u624b\u3002[57] \u5c3c\u8d6b\u9c81\u4e0d\u613f\u5728\u5317\u65b9\u90a6\u548c\u6bd4\u54c8\u5c14\u90a6\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd8\u662f\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u63aa\u65bd\u63a8\u52a8\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u4fdd\u62a4\u30021958\u5e742\u670815\u65e5\uff0c\u5c3c\u8d6b\u9c81\u51fa\u5e2d\u5168\u5370\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u4f1a\u8bae\u5e76\u53d1\u8868\u8bb2\u8bdd\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u662f\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u9057\u4ea7\uff0c\u800c\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u652f\u6301\u8005\u5728\u9f13\u52a8\u9488\u5bf9\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u7684\u654c\u610f\u3002[58] 1958\u5e747\u670815\u65e5\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c\u53d1\u5e03\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u58f0\u660e\u300b\uff08Statement on language\uff09\u3002\u8be5\u58f0\u660e\u8981\u6c42\u5fb7\u91cc\u3001\u65c1\u906e\u666e\u3001\u5317\u65b9\u90a6\u3001\u6bd4\u54c8\u5c14\u7b49\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u7fa4\u4f53\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u5730\u533a\u4e3a\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u8fdb\u5b66\u6821\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fbf\u5229\uff0c\u5728\u884c\u653f\u5c42\u9762\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5e94\u6392\u65a5\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">[59]\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5c3c\u8d6b\u9c81\u8bb2\u8bdd\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c\u58f0\u660e\u66f4\u591a\u5177\u6709\u8c61\u5f81\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5728\u5177\u4f53\u653f\u7b56\u63aa\u65bd\u5c42\u9762\u5f88\u5c11\u5f97\u5230\u6709\u529b\u843d\u5b9e\u3002\u5c3c\u8d6b\u9c81\uff0c\u56fe\u6e90\uff1aWikipedia\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u963f\u91cc\u52a0\u5c14\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5927\u5b66\u5730\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5c5e\u4eba\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\u6210\u4e3a\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4e89\u53d6\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u8c61\u5f81\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c\u9488\u5bf9\u8bed\u8a00\u6559\u80b2\u95ee\u9898\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u4e09\u8bed\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u4e0e\u975e\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u3002\u4f46\u5370\u5ea6\u5317\u90e8\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u2014\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u5730\u533a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u4e09\u8bed\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u6848\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u4ee5\u68b5\u8bed\u66ff\u4ee3\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u5f15\u53d1\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4e0d\u6ee1\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c20\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5c3c\u8d6b\u9c81\u53bb\u4e16\u540e\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u51fa\u73b0\u65b0\u4e00\u6ce2\u9ad8\u6f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">1965\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u515a\u6d3e\u7684104\u540d\u8bae\u5458\u5411\u65b0\u4efb\u5370\u5ea6\u603b\u7406\u82f1\u8fea\u62c9\u00b7\u7518\u5730\u3001\u603b\u7edf\u548c\u5185\u653f\u90e8\u957f\u63d0\u4ea4\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5728\u5317\u65b9\u90a6\u3001\u6bd4\u54c8\u5c14\u90a6\u3001\u4e2d\u592e\u90a6\u3001\u5fb7\u91cc\u3001\u65c1\u906e\u666e\u90a6\u548c\u62c9\u8d3e\u65af\u5766\u90a6\u786e\u8ba4\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\u5730\u4f4d\u3002[60] 1966\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c36\u4f4d\u77e5\u540d\u4eba\u58eb\u5411\u5370\u5ea6\u603b\u7edf\u63d0\u4ea4\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u8981\u6c42\u5728\u5317\u65b9\u90a6\u3001\u6bd4\u54c8\u5c14\u90a6\u3001\u5fb7\u91cc\u3001\u62c9\u8d3e\u65af\u5766\u90a6\u3001\u4e2d\u592e\u90a6\u3001\u5b89\u5f97\u62c9\u90a6\u3001\u65c1\u906e\u666e\u90a6\u7b49\u5730\u533a\u786e\u8ba4\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u8be5\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\u540c\u6837\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u5171\u540c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u95ee\u9898\u4ec5\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7edd\u4e0d\u662f\u6559\u6d3e\u6216\u5b97\u6559\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u8be5\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\u540c\u65f6\u79f0\u5370\u5ea6\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u201c\u5f00\u59cb\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6587\u5316\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5904\u4e8e\u5371\u9669\u4e4b\u4e2d\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">[61] 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style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u4e94\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u8bed\u8a00\u653f\u7b56\u8c03\u6574\u4e0e\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u63d0\u53471971\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u5370\u5df4\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u5f92\u5bf9\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u82f1\u8fea\u62c9\u00b7\u7518\u5730\u7684\u5a01\u671b\u5927\u4e3a\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u6c11\u540c\u76df\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u74e6\u6770\u5e15\u4f0a\u751a\u81f3\u5c06\u82f1\u8fea\u62c9\u00b7\u7518\u5730\u6bd4\u4f5c\u675c\u5c14\u8fe6\u5973\u795e\uff08Durga\uff09\u3002[62] \u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u5370\u5df4\u6218\u4e89\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u5a01\u671b\u4f7f\u5f97\u82f1\u8fea\u62c9\u00b7\u7518\u5730\u6709\u81ea\u4fe1\u91c7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e9b\u9488\u5bf9\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u5370\u5df4\u6218\u4e89\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e1c\u5df4\u548c\u897f\u5df4\u5206\u88c2\u3002\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5ba3\u544a\u4e86\u201c\u4e24\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u201d\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7834\u4ea7\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5927\u5927\u51cf\u8f7b\u4e86\u5370\u5ea6\u5bf9\u56fd\u5185\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u529b\u91cf\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u5fe7\u8651\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u5728\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u82f1\u8fea\u62c9\u00b7\u7518\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u6700\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u4e3e\u63aa\u662f1972\u5e74\u6307\u5b9a\u4ee5\u53e4\u5409\u62c9\u5c14\uff08I.K.Gujaral\uff09\u4e3a\u9996\u7684\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u4fc3\u8fdb\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08The Committee for Promotion of Urdu\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u79f0\u53e4\u5409\u62c9\u5c14\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff09\u5c31\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u6587\u5316\u548c\u884c\u653f\u9886\u57df\u63a8\u52a8\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u53d1\u5c55\u5411\u653f\u5e9c\u63d0\u51fa\u5efa\u8bae\u3002[63] 1975\u5e74\uff0c\u53e4\u5409\u62c9\u5c14\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5411\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c\u63d0\u4ea4\u6b63\u5f0f\u62a5\u544a\u3002\u62a5\u544a\u5171\u63d0\u51fa187\u9879\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5efa\u8bae\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u4eba\u53e3\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u5404\u90a6\u63f4\u5f15\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c345\u6761\uff08\u56de\u907f\u5b58\u5728\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c347\u6761\uff09\u5c06\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u5404\u90a6\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u4e3a\u6bcd\u8bed\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u63a5\u53d7\u521d\u7ea7\u9636\u6bb5\u6559\u80b2\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fbf\u5229\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">[64] 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Pradesh Official Language\uff09\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u201c\u4e3a\u7167\u987e\u64cd\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u7b49\u8bed\u8a00\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u653f\u5e9c\u516c\u62a5\u8f7d\u660e\u7684\u533a\u57df\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u53ca\u65f6\u9650\u4f7f\u7528\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u201d[66] 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style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u5728\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u8fdb\u5165\u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\u5e8f\u5217\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u56e0\u7d20\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 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style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u6c11\u515a\u5bf9\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u53d1\u751f\u4e00\u5b9a\u53d8\u5316\u30021999\u5e743\u670828\u65e5\uff0c\u74e6\u6770\u5e15\u4f0a\u516c\u5f00\u79f0\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u662f\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u8bed\u8a00\u201d\u201c\u5b83\u7684\u5c0a\u4e25\u5e94\u4e88\u7ef4\u62a4\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u4e3e\u51fa\u514b\u4ec0\u7c73\u5c14\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9053\u683c\u62c9\u8bed\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002[68] 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1.05em;\">\u81ea20\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u5317\u65b9\u90a6\u3001\u6bd4\u54c8\u5c14\u90a6\u7b49\u5404\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u9646\u7eed\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u5b66\u9662\uff08Urdu Academy\uff09\u4ee5\u63a8\u52a8\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u6559\u80b2\u30021996\u5e744\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u8fd8\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u53d1\u5c55\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language\uff09\u3002\u8be5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u96b6\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u4e2d\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u53f8\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u804c\u8d23\u662f\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u548c\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5e08\u8d44\u95ee\u9898\uff0c2006\u5e74\u5370\u5ea6\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u8fd8\u5728\u963f\u91cc\u52a0\u5c14\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u65b0\u5fb7\u91cc\u56fd\u7acb\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u6d77\u5f97\u62c9\u5df4\u6bdb\u62c9\u90a3\u00b7\u963f\u624e\u5fb7\u56fd\u7acb\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u5927\u5b66\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u5e08\u8d44\u57f9\u8bad\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u503c\u5f97\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c1960\u5e74\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u5185\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e2d\u592e\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\uff08Central Hindi Directorate\uff09\uff0c\u6b21\u5e74\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u63a8\u5e7f\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u592e\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u5b66\u9662\uff08Kendriya Hindi Sansthan\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u540e\u5206\u522b\u4e8e1987\u5e74\u30011994\u5e74\u30012004\u5e74\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u63a8\u5e7f\u68b5\u8bed\u3001\u4fe1\u5fb7\u8bed\u548c\u6cf0\u7c73\u5c14\u8bed\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u4ece\u673a\u6784\u8bbe\u7f6e\u770b\uff0c\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u662f\u4ec5\u6b21\u4e8e\u5370\u5730\u8bed\uff0c\u4e0e\u68b5\u8bed\u3001\u4fe1\u5fb7\u8bed\u3001\u6cf0\u7c73\u5c14\u8bed\u5e76\u5217\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5730\u4f4d\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u8868\u5217\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u8868\u683c\u4e2d\u6ce8\u91ca\u2460~\u2465\u89c1\u6587\u672b\uff0c\u56fe\u6e90\uff1a\u201c\u5357\u4e9a\u89c2\u5bdf\u201d\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u516d\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u672a\u6765\u4e0e\u5370\u5ea6\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u5efa\u6784\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u81ea\u5370\u5ea6\u72ec\u7acb\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u653f\u7b56\u4ee5\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u6c11\u515a\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8d8b\u540c\u7684\u82d7\u5934\u3002\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u72ec\u7acb\u4e4b\u521d\u4e3a\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4fdd\u62a4\u6027\u6761\u6b3e\uff0c\u4f46\u771f\u6b63\u843d\u5b9e\u8fd9\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6761\u6b3e\u662f\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u540e\u3002\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u5bf9\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u653f\u7b56\u6700\u5168\u9762\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u662f2002\u5e74\u65f6\u4efb\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7d22\u5c3c\u5a05\u00b7\u7518\u5730\u5728\u7eaa\u5ff5\u5370\u5ea6\u524d\u603b\u7edf\u624e\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u4faf\u8d5b\u56e0\u8bde\u8fb0105\u5468\u5e74\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd\u65f6\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd\uff1a<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u4e0d\u662f\u67d0\u4e2a\u5b97\u6559\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u5404\u7fa4\u4f53\u5171\u540c\u7684\u5b9d\u8d35\u8d22\u5bcc\uff0c\u4e3a\u5370\u5ea6\u201c\u590d\u5408\u6587\u5316\u201d\u7684\u5851\u9020\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u201c\u590d\u5408\u9057\u4ea7\u201d\uff08composite heritage\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u52bf\u529b\u64cd\u5f04\u8bed\u8a00\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u8d34\u4e0a\u5916\u56fd\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u6216\u4f01\u56fe\u5c06\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u7684\u5206\u652f\u4ece\u800c\u5426\u5b9a\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a8\u52a8\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u8fdb\u5165\u5b66\u6821\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u7eb3\u5165\u4e09\u8bed\u6846\u67b6\uff08Three-Language Formula\uff09\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u6559\u80b2\u653f\u7b56\uff08National Education Policy\uff09\u3002[69]\u4f46\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u653f\u7b56\u5f88\u96be\u6446\u8131\u9009\u4e3e\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u9634\u5f71\uff0c2007\u5e74\u7d22\u5c3c\u5a05\u00b7\u7518\u5730\u7528\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u81f4\u4fe1\u5317\u65b9\u90a6\u76f8\u5173\u9009\u533a\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797\uff0c\u547c\u5401\u4ed6\u4eec\u201c\u5728\u8fd9\u573a\u53cd\u5bf9\u79cd\u59d3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u5168\u529b\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u4f60\u4eec\u671f\u5f85\u7684\u68a6\u60f3\u793e\u4f1a\u3002\u201d[70] \u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8bc1\u660e\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u867d\u7136\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u7a46\u65af\u6797\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8fdb\u5165\u9009\u4e3e\u653f\u6cbb\u65f6\u4ecd\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u4e0e\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7684\u6346\u7ed1\u52a8\u5458\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u6c11\u515a\u53ca\u5176\u524d\u8eab\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u6c11\u540c\u76df\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u5386\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u6c11\u540c\u76df\u57281954\u5e74\u8bed\u8a00\u653f\u7b56\u51b3\u8bae\u4e2d\u5c06\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u89c6\u4e3a\u5e26\u6709\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u5370\u5730\u8bed\uff0c[71] \u5ba3\u79f0\u8981\u53d6\u6d88\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u8868\u5217\u8bed\u8a00\u5730\u4f4d\u3002[72] 1965\u5e74\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u6c11\u540c\u76df\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u300a\u539f\u5219\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u300b\u6587\u4ef6\u627f\u8ba4\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u662f\u5bf9\u5370\u5ea6\u6587\u5b66\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5370\u5730\u8bed\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u6c42\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u6539\u7528\u5929\u57ce\u4f53\u4e66\u5199\u3002[73]1971\u5e74\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u6c11\u540c\u76df\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u51b3\u8bae\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6e29\u548c\u5316\uff0c\u5ba3\u5e03\u5c06\u6ce8\u610f\u63a8\u52a8\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u5728\u5317\u65b9\u90a6\u3001\u6bd4\u54c8\u5c14\u90a6\u7b49\u5730\u533a\u5c06\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u5217\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\u3002[74] \u5230\u74e6\u6770\u5e15\u4f0a\u6267\u653f\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u6c11\u515a\u653f\u5e9c\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u53cd\u5bf9\u5c06\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u5217\u5165\u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5f3a\u786c\u7acb\u573a\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u6c11\u515a1998\u5e74\u7684\u7ade\u9009\u7eb2\u9886\u5ba3\u5e03\u201c\u9f13\u52b1\u4e30\u5bcc\u3001\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u5305\u62ec\u68b5\u8bed\u548c\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u5728\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5370\u5ea6\u8bed\u8a00\u201d\u3002[75] 1999\u5e743\u670828\u65e5\uff0c\u74e6\u6770\u5e15\u4f0a\u79f0\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u662f\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u8bed\u8a00\u201d\u201c\u5b83\u7684\u5c0a\u4e25\u5e94\u4e88\u7ef4\u62a4\u201d\uff0c[76] \u8fd8\u63a8\u52a8\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u8fdb\u5165\u5fb7\u91cc\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u83ab\u8fea\u653f\u5e9c\u575a\u6301\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u4f18\u5148\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u5173\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u5bf9\u5916\u4e8b\u52a1\u7b49\u591a\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u5927\u529b\u63a8\u5e7f\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u3002[77] \u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ed6\u5728\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u5ef6\u7eed\u4e86\u74e6\u6770\u5e15\u4f0a\u653f\u5e9c\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u30022019\u5e743\u670816\u65e5\uff0c\u83ab\u8fea\u81f4\u4fe1\u7b2c\u516d\u5c4a\u4e16\u754c\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u5927\u4f1a\u79f0\u4ee5\u4e16\u754c\u4e00\u6d41\u6c34\u5e73\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u503c\u5f97\u79f0\u8d5e\u3002[78] 2020\u5e74\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u957f\u62c9\u6885\u4ec0\u00b7\u6ce2\u8d6b\u91cc\u4e9a\u5c14\uff08Ramesh Pokhriyal\uff09\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u5927\u4f1a\u53d1\u8868\u6f14\u8bb2\u79f0\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u590d\u5408\u6587\u5316\u548c\u4e0d\u540c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u95f4\u7684\u7ebd\u5e26\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u4eba\u6027\u3001\u5fc3\u7075\u548c\u7075\u9b42\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">[79]\u8003\u8651\u5230\u62c9\u6885\u4ec0\u00b7\u6ce2\u8d6b\u91cc\u4e9a\u5c14\u662f\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u548c\u68b5\u6587\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u652f\u6301\u8005\uff0c\u8fd9\u756a\u8a00\u8bba\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u5176\u4e2a\u4eba\u597d\u6076\u7684\u53cd\u6620\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u5f53\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u6c11\u515a\u653f\u5e9c\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u53cd\u6620\u3002\u83ab\u8fea\u653f\u5e9c\u57fa\u672c\u7ef4\u6301\u4e86\u4e0e\u74e6\u6770\u5e15\u4f9d\u653f\u5e9c\u4e43\u81f3\u66fc\u83ab\u6c49\u00b7\u8f9b\u683c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u653f\u7b56\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ece\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u4e88\u4ee5\u8bc1\u5b9e\uff0c\u5373\u5370\u5ea6\u56fd\u5bb6\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u53d1\u5c55\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5e74\u5ea6\u9884\u7b97\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a\u4e0e\u66fc\u83ab\u6c49\u00b7\u8f9b\u683c\u653f\u5e9c\u6267\u653f\u65f6\u671f\u5c06\u8fd16\u4ebf\u5362\u6bd4\u5e74\u5ea6\u9884\u7b97\uff082013-2014\u8d22\u5e74\uff09\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u83ab\u8fea\u653f\u5e9c\u6267\u653f\u65f6\u671f\u8be5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u9884\u7b97\u57fa\u672c\u6301\u7a33\u6b65\u589e\u957f\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u81f32022\u20142023\u8d22\u5e74\u5df2\u8f832013\u20142014\u8d22\u5e74\u589e\u957f41.7%\uff08\u89c1\u88682\uff09\u3002\u6982\u62ec\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u6c11\u515a\u7684\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u653f\u7b56\u53ef\u4ee5\u6982\u62ec\u4e3a\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u5c06\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u89c6\u4e3a\u5370\u5ea6\u5404\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u5171\u540c\u8d22\u5bcc\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u4e0e\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7fa4\u4f53\u548c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5207\u5272\uff0c\u5373\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u7684\u4e16\u4fd7\u5316\uff1b<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u4e8c\u662f\u5728\u4e16\u4fd7\u5316\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u53d1\u5c55\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\uff0c\u4f46\u62d2\u7edd\u7a81\u51fa\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f3a\u8c03\u68b5\u8bed\u5bf9\u5370\u5ea6\u6587\u5316\u548c\u6587\u660e\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u672a\u6765\u4e0d\u6392\u9664\u63a8\u52a8\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u5929\u57ce\u4f53\u5316\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u56fe\u6e90\uff1a\u201c\u5357\u4e9a\u89c2\u5bdf\u201d\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u867d\u7136\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u6c11\u515a\u7684\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u653f\u7b56\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\u8f83\u72ec\u7acb\u521d\u671f\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u5904\u5883\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6700\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u6307\u6807\u662f\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u4eba\u53e3\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u7ea0\u7f20\uff0c\u4e5f\u7531\u4e8e\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u4e0e\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u6982\u5ff5\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u7ea0\u7f20\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u5e03\u62c9\u65af\u5df2\u6307\u51fa\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u548c\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u4eba\u53e3\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">[80] \u4f46\u53d7\u73b0\u5b9e\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u80fd\u529b\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u4ecd\u6700\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8be6\u89c1\u88683\uff1a\u56fe\u6e90\uff1a\u201c\u5357\u4e9a\u89c2\u5bdf\u201d\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u4ece\u88683\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u5168\u56fd\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u4eba\u53e3\u5360\u6bd4\u5728\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u5ed6\u6ce2\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u4e0e\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u5728\u53e3\u8bed\u5c42\u9762\u5dee\u522b\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u5728\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u548c\u8ba4\u540c\u5ea6\u589e\u5927\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u672c\u6765\u628a\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u8ba4\u4f5c\u662f\u6bcd\u8bed\u7684\u4eba\u6539\u8ba4\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u4e3a\u6bcd\u8bed\uff0c\u662f\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u6bcd\u8bed\u4eba\u53e3\u5360\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u6bd4\u4f8b\u663e\u8457\u4e0b\u964d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002[81] \u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5173\u6ce8\u91cd\u70b9\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u4e5f\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u300a\u5251\u6865\u73b0\u4ee3\u5370\u5ea6\u53f2\u300b\u4e5f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c2002\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6d3b\u52a8\u65e5\u76ca\u5173\u6ce8\u6539\u5584\u4ed6\u4eec\u8eab\u5904\u7684\u4e0d\u5229\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4fdd\u62a4\u6587\u5316\u7b26\u53f7\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">[82]\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u6559\u80b2\u9762\u4e34\u5f88\u5927\u56f0\u96be\u30021968\u5e74\u5370\u5ea6\u300a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6559\u80b2\u653f\u7b56\u300b\uff08National Policy on Education\uff09\u63a8\u51fa\u4e09\u8bed\u6559\u80b2\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u672c\u610f\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u5404\u90a6\u5bf9\u5f3a\u884c\u63a8\u5e7f\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e0a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u6559\u80b2\u8fb9\u7f18\u5316\u3002\u5728\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u4e09\u8bed\u6559\u80b2\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u3001\u82f1\u8bed\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u73b0\u4ee3\u5370\u5ea6\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5728\u975e\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u4e09\u8bed\u6559\u80b2\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u3001\u82f1\u8bed\u548c\u5730\u533a\u8bed\u8a00\u3002[83] 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2002\u5e742\u670811\u65e5\uff0c\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7d22\u5c3c\u5a05\u00b7\u7518\u5730\u8c08\u5230\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u65f6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u6700\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u662f\u63a8\u52a8\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u6210\u4e3a\u5b66\u6821\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u201d\u3002[85] \u5728\u6559\u80b2\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e8e\u6b64\u3002\u5728\u53f7\u79f0\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u6545\u4e61\u7684\u5317\u65b9\u90a6\uff0c\u5168\u90a6\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u5bb6\u4ee5\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u4e3a\u6559\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5c0f\u5b66\uff08primary school\uff09\uff0c\u4ec5\u6709\u4e24\u6240\u4ee5\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u4e3a\u6559\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u9ad8\u4e2d\uff08high school\uff09[86]\u3002\u5317\u65b9\u90a6\u8058\u7528\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u6559\u5e08\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u9605\u8bfb\u5c0f\u5b66\u9636\u6bb5\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u56fe\u4e66\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u517c\u804c\u4ece\u4e8b\u519c\u4e1a\u79cd\u690d\u3001\u5976\u725b\u517b\u6b96\u7b49\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\u4ec5\u53bb\u5b66\u6821\u4e00\u4e24\u6b21\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">[87]\u5b89\u5f97\u62c9\u90a6\u662f\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5357\u65b9\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u5b89\u5f97\u62c9\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u523b\u610f\u538b\u5236\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u6559\u80b2\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4f46\u9996\u5e9c\u6d77\u5f97\u62c9\u5df4\u4ee5\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u4e3a\u6559\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4e2d\u5c0f\u5b66\u8f8d\u5b66\u7387\u9ad8\u8fbe83%\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ec5\u6709\u6709\u9650\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u53ef\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u6559\u6750\u3002\u5728\u5927\u5b66\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u5546\u5b66\u3001\u5de5\u5b66\u7b49\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u8bcd\u6c47\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u82f1\u8bed\u8bcd\u6c47\u3002[88] \u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5370\u5ea6\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u5b66\u751f\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u662f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8d2b\u7a77\u3001\u672a\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c[89] \u5b66\u4e60\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u5728\u5c31\u4e1a\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u6559\u5b66\uff0c\u56fe\u6e90\uff1aawazthevoice.in\u518d\u6b21\uff0c\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u654c\u610f\u96be\u4ee5\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u6d88\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">1990\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u7ef4\u00b7\u666e\u00b7\u8f9b\u683c\u653f\u5e9c\u6307\u5b9a\u963f\u91cc\u00b7\u8428\u8fbe\u5c14\u00b7\u8d3e\u6cd5\u5c14\uff08Ali Sardar Jafar\uff09\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7684\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u518d\u6b21\u8bc4\u4f30\u53e4\u5409\u62c9\u5c14\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u843d\u5b9e\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u8be5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a1990\u5e749\u6708\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u6307\u51fa\u53e4\u5409\u62c9\u5c14\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u62a5\u544a\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u4ecd\u670995%\u672a\u5f97\u5230\u843d\u5b9e\u3002[90] 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1.05em;\">\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u5728\u5fb7\u91cc\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u4f462019\u5e748\u67087\u65e5\uff0c\u5fb7\u91cc\u9ad8\u7b49\u6cd5\u9662\u5374\u6307\u63a7\u5fb7\u91cc\u8b66\u5bdf\u5c40\u957f\u5728\u4e00\u4efd\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u8bcd\u6c47\u201c\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u666e\u901a\u7fa4\u4f17\u6240\u7406\u89e3\u201d\u3002[91] 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