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\u57282019\u5e74\u5927\u9009\u524d\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u8d22\u653f\u90e82018\u5e741\u67082\u65e5\u4ee5\u901a\u77e5\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u201c\u9009\u4e3e\u5238\u65b9\u6848\u201d\uff0c\u7531\u5370\u5ea6\u56fd\u5bb6\u94f6\u884c\uff08State Bank of India\uff09\u53d1\u5e031000\uff0c1\u4e07\uff0c10\u4e07\uff0c100\u4e07\u548c1000\u4e07\u9762\u503c\u7684\u201c\u9009\u4e3e\u5238\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u5e74\u76841\u6708\u30014\u6708\u30017\u6708\u548c10\u6708\u5bf9\u5916\u51fa\u552e\uff0c\u8d2d\u4e70\u8005\u5bf9\u5916\u662f\u533f\u540d\u7684\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u56fd\u5bb6\u94f6\u884c\u53ea\u9700\u6309\u7167\u91d1\u878d\u673a\u6784\u201c\u77e5\u5ba2\u201d\u539f\u5219\uff08know your customer\uff09\u6765\u767b\u8bb0\u8d2d\u4e70\u8005\u4fe1\u606f\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u5728\u90a6\u8bae\u4f1a\u6216\u8054\u90a6\u4eba\u6c11\u9662\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f971%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u9009\u4e3e\u7968\u6570\u7684\u653f\u515a\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u9009\u4e3e\u503a\u5238\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6350\u8d60\u3002\u53d7\u8d60\u8005\u8981\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u6350\u8d60\u768415\u5929\u5185\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u8d27\u5e01\uff0c\u5426\u5219\uff0c15\u5929\u540e\u8be5\u8d44\u91d1\u5c06\u8f6c\u5165\u603b\u7406\u6551\u52a9\u57fa\u91d1\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u83ab\u8fea\u653f\u5e9c\u5f53\u9009\u540e\uff0c\u57282019\u5e74\u5927\u9009\u524d\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u6bd4\u8f83\u53d7\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u201c\u9009\u4e3e\u5238\u65b9\u6848\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5373\u7531\u5370\u5ea6\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u94f6\u884c\u53d1\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u9009\u4e3e\u5238\uff0c\u8d2d\u4e70\u4eba\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u516c\u4f17\u516c\u5f00\uff0c\u4f46\u94f6\u884c\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u201c\u77e5\u9053\u4f60\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u201d\u539f\u5219\u8bb0\u5f55\u8d2d\u4e70\u4eba\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u83ab\u8fea\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u7406\u7531\u662f\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u9009\u4e3e\u8d44\u52a9\u901a\u8fc7\u94f6\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u9ed1\u91d1\u6d8c\u5165\u9009\u4e3e\u3002\u4f46\u53cd\u5bf9\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u8fdd\u80cc\u4e86\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u77e5\u60c5\u6743\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u83ab\u8fea\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3a\u63a8\u52a8\u201c\u9009\u4e3e\u5238\u65b9\u6848\u201c\u7684\u51fa\u53f0\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5408\u5baa\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5370\u5ea6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u539f\u6765\u5bf9\u6b64\u62a5\u8fdf\u7591\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u660c\u5fb7\u62c9\u695a\u5fb7\u63a5\u4efb\u9996\u5e2d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u540e\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u4e94\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u88c1\u51b3\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u6539\u9769\u534f\u4f1a\u8bc9\u5370\u5ea6\uff08Association of Democratic Reforms v Union of India\uff09\u4e00\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u505a\u51fa\u6700\u7ec8\u88c1\u51b3\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u9009\u4e3e\u5238\u65b9\u6848\u201d\u8fdd\u5baa\uff0c\u5e76\u8981\u6c42\u5370\u5ea6\u56fd\u5bb6\u94f6\u884c\u5c06\u8d2d\u5238\u4fe1\u606f\u5ba3\u5e03\u63d0\u4ea4\u5370\u5ea6\u9009\u4e3e\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7531\u9009\u4e3e\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5728\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u516c\u5e03\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u8d2d\u5238\u4fe1\u606f\u5df2\u7ecf\u516c\u5e03\u4e8e\u4f17\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201c\u9009\u4e3e\u5238\u65b9\u6848\u201d\uff0c\u6709\u6bd4\u6ca1\u6709\u597d\uff0c\u4e0d\u8d5e\u6210\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u5426\u51b3\u3002\u56fe\u6e90\uff1a\u201c\u5370\u4e2d\u667a\u6167\u6865\u201d\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u63a8\u7ffb\u5df2\u6709\u5224\u4f8b\uff0c<\/h2>\n

\u5728\u8054\u90a6\u5236\u6743\u529b\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u5f3a\u5316\u90a6\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5370\u5ea6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u6b63\u5728\u5f3a\u5316\u90a6\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u5728\u77ff\u533a\u53d1\u5c55\u5f53\u5c40\u8bc9\u5370\u5ea6\u94a2\u94c1\u5f53\u5c40\uff08Mineral Area Development Authority v Steel Authority of India\uff09\u548c\u5317\u65b9\u90a6\u8bc9\u62c9\u5c14\u5854\u00b7\u666e\u62c9\u8428\u5fb7\u00b7\u74e6\u4f0a\u4ed5\uff08State of UP v Lalta Prasad Vaish\uff09\u4e24\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e86\u5370\u5ea6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u57281989\u5e74\u504f\u5411\u4e2d\u592e\u6743\u529b\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5224\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c06\u8054\u90a6\u6743\u529b\u7684\u949f\u6446\u504f\u5411\u90a6\u4e00\u7aef\u3002\u5728\u77ff\u533a\u53d1\u5c55\u5f53\u5c40\u8bc9\u5370\u5ea6\u94a2\u94c1\u5f53\u5c40\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u4e8e2024\u5e747\u6708\u4ee58:1\u88c1\u51b3\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u90a6\u6709\u6743\u5c31\u77ff\u5c71\u548c\u77ff\u7269\u8d44\u6e90\u5f81\u7a0e\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8054\u90a6\u8bae\u4f1a\u5bf9\u77ff\u5c71\u548c\u77ff\u7269\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u6743\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fb5\u5360\u90a6\u5728\u6b64\u4e8b\u9879\u4e0a\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n

\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u6839\u636e1957\u5e74\u300a\u77ff\u5c71\u4e0e\u77ff\u7269\u8d44\u6e90\uff08\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u76d1\u7ba1\uff09\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c9\u6761\u5f81\u6536\u7684\u77ff\u533a\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u8d39\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7a0e\u6536\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8be5\u5224\u51b3\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e861989\u5e74\u5370\u5ea6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662India Cements v State of Tamil Nadu \uff08\u4e03\u6cd5\u5b98\u5ba1\u5224\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff09\u4e00\u6848\u4e2d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u77ff\u533a\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u8d39\u4e3a\u5f81\u7a0e\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u3002\u5728\u5317\u65b9\u90a6\u8bc9\u62c9\u5c14\u5854\u00b7\u666e\u62c9\u8428\u5fb7\u00b7\u74e6\u4f0a\u4ed5\u4e00\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u4e8e2024\u5e744\u670818\u65e5\u4e5f\u662f\u4ee58:1\u7684\u6295\u7968\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e861989\u5e74\u7684Synthetics and Chemicals v State of Uttar Pradesh\u4e00\u6848\u4e2d\u7684\u5224\u51b3\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5c06\u90a6\u7acb\u6cd5\u6743\u4e2d\u7b2c8\u9879\u201c\u81f4\u9189\u6db2\u4f53\u201d\u505a\u4e86\u72ed\u7a84\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u90a6\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u6743\u53ea\u9650\u4e8e\u53ef\u996e\u7528\u9152\u7cbe\uff0c\u4f46\u8be5\u6848\u88c1\u51b3\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u90a6\u6709\u6743\u5bf9\u5305\u62ec\u5de5\u4e1a\u9152\u7cbe\u5728\u5185\u7684\u81f4\u9189\u9152\u7cbe\u884c\u4f7f\u76d1\u7ba1\u7acb\u6cd5\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u83ab\u8fea\u653f\u5e9c\u5f00\u542f\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e00\u6b21\u9009\u4e3e\u201d\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u6539\u9769\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff08One Nation One Election\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0ONOE\uff09\u9009\u4e3e\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u4e5f\u5373\u5c06\u8054\u90a6\u8bae\u4f1a\u4eba\u6c11\u9662\u5927\u9009\u4e0e\u90a6\u8bae\u4f1a\u5927\u9009\u5408\u4e00\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u4f1a\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5df2\u6709\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e2d\u8054\u90a6\u6743\u529b\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e5f\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u5229\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u5370\u5ea6\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u5982\u7edf\u4e00\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc6\u522b\u7b49\u6539\u9769\u3002\u9700\u8981\u5f88\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u63a8\u52a8\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u7efc\u5408\u6539\u9769\u3002\u83ab\u8fea\u653f\u5e9c\u4e8e2024\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u7b2c129\u5baa\u6cd5\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u8349\u6848\uff08The Constitution 129th Amendment Bill 2024\uff09\uff0c\u5df2\u5728\u6539\u9769\u7684\u8def\u4e0a\u8d70\u51fa\u4e86\u5f88\u8fdc\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u5173\u6ce8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5370\u5ea6\u72ec\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u57281952\u30011957\u30011962\u548c1967\u5e74\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\uff0c\u8054\u90a6\u8bae\u4f1a\u4eba\u6c11\u9662\u548c\u90a6\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u662f\u540c\u671f\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u4e3a1968\u5e74\u54c8\u91cc\u4e9a\u7eb3\u90a6\u548c1969\u5e74\u5580\u62c9\u62c9\u90a6\u8bae\u4f1a\u63d0\u524d\u89e3\u6563\uff0c\u53e6\u59161970\u5e74\u8054\u90a6\u8bae\u4f1a\u4eba\u6c11\u9662\u4e5f\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u63d0\u524d\u89e3\u6563\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u90a6\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e0e\u8054\u90a6\u8bae\u4f1a\u4eba\u6c11\u9662\u9009\u4e3e\u4e0d\u540c\u671f\u3002\u8fd9\u7ed9\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u7a33\u5b9a\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u56f0\u6270\u3002\u6b64\u524d\u4e5f\u6709\u8fc7\u9009\u4e3e\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u4f46\u83ab\u8fea\u653f\u5e9c\u5374\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5baa\u6cd5\u6539\u9769\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u589e\u52a0\u516c\u4fe1\u529b\uff0c\u83ab\u8fea\u653f\u5e9c\u9080\u8bf7\u5370\u5ea6\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f4e\u79cd\u59d3\u603b\u7edf\u4e5f\u5373\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u5c4a\u603b\u7edf\u62c9\u59c6\u00b7\u7eb3\u7279\u00b7\u8003\u6587\u5fb7\uff08Ram Nath Kovind)\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7275\u5934\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8003\u6587\u5fb7\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5c42\u9886\u5bfc\u5c0f\u7ec4\u5efa\u8bae\u4e0b\uff0c\u83ab\u8fea\u653f\u5e9c\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5baa\u6cd5\u505a\u591a\u5904\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5370\u5ea6\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u4eba\u6c11\u9662\u4e0e\u5404\u90a6\u8bae\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u540c\u671f\u9009\u4e3e\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u7edf\u4e00\u8054\u90a6\u8bae\u4f1a\u4eba\u6c11\u9662\u548c\u90a6\u8bae\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u65e5\u671f\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\uff0c\u5c06\u519c\u6751\u548c\u57ce\u5e02\u81ea\u6cbb\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u65f6\u95f4\u9650\u5b9a\u5728\u8054\u90a6\u8bae\u4f1a\u4eba\u6c11\u9662\u548c\u90a6\u8bae\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u65e5\u7684\u4e00\u767e\u5929\u5185\u3002\u83ab\u8fea\u653f\u5e9c\u63d0\u4ea4\u7b2c129\u5baa\u6cd5\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u8349\u6848\uff08The Constitution 129th Amendment Bill 2024\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d0\u8bae\u572882\u6761\u589e\u52a082A(1-6)\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fee\u6539\u7b2c83\u6761\u3001172\u6761\u548c372\u6761\u3002\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u8349\u6848\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u603b\u7edf\u4ee5\u804c\u6743\u786e\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u8054\u90a6\u8bae\u4f1a\u4eba\u6c11\u9662\u5927\u9009\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u65e5\u671f\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u90a6\u8bae\u4f1a\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65e5\u671f\u4e4b\u524d\u6216\u4e4b\u540e\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u95f4\u90fd\u8ddf\u4eba\u6c11\u9662\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u65e5\u671f\u540c\u6b65\uff08\u65b0\u589e\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff082\uff09\u5370\u5ea6\u9009\u4e3e\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5e94\u8be5\u5c06\u4eba\u6c11\u9662\u548c\u90a6\u8bae\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u540c\u6b65\u4e3e\u884c\u3002\u5728\u4e2a\u522b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9009\u4e3e\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ba3\u5e03\u7279\u5b9a\u90a6\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u4e0e\u4eba\u6c11\u9662\u9009\u4e3e\u9519\u5f00\uff0c\u5e76\u5efa\u8bae\u603b\u7edf\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0d\u665a\u7684\u671f\u9650\uff08\u65b0\u589e\uff09\u3002\uff083\uff09\u5982\u679c\u90a6\u8bae\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u88ab\u63a8\u8fdf\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4efb\u804c\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8ddf\u4eba\u6c11\u9662\u7684\u540c\u5c4a\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u95f4\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff08\u65b0\u589e\uff09\uff1b\uff084\uff09\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u6c11\u9662\u63d0\u524d\u89e3\u6563\uff0c\u65b0\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\u53ea\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u4e0a\u5c4a\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5230\u671f\u540e\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u4e3e\u884c\u5927\u9009\uff0883\u6761\u4fee\u6539\uff09\u3002\u540c\u6837\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u4e5f\u9002\u5e94\u90a6\u8bae\u4f1a\uff08172\u6761\u4fee\u6539\uff09\u3002\u56fe\u6e90\uff1a\u201c\u5370\u4e2d\u667a\u6167\u6865\u201d\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7<\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001\u83ab\u8fea\u653f\u5e9c\u5b8c\u6210\u53bb\u6b96\u6c11\u5316\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u5211\u4e8b\u53f8\u6cd5\u6539\u9769\u201c\u975e\u66b4\u529b\u4e0d\u5408\u4f5c\u201d\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u6446\u8131\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c<\/h2>\n

\u8fd9\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u4e3a\u4f17\u591a\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u56fd\u5bb6\u6446\u8131\u897f\u65b9\u6b96\u6c11\u7edf\u6cbb\u63a2\u7d22\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u65b0\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u8ba9\u5370\u5ea6\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u9057\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u7acb\u6cd5\u65f6\u6709\u7740\u66f4\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u800c\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u8003\u91cf\u3002\u83ab\u8fea\u653f\u5e9c\u662f\u5386\u5c4a\u653f\u5e9c\u4e2d\u6cd5\u89c4\u6e05\u7406\u529b\u5ea6\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4e00\u5c4a\u3002\u636e\u5370\u5ea6\u5a92\u4f53\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u83ab\u8fea\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0a\u53f0\u4e00\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b96\u6c11\u7acb\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u5ba1\u67e5\uff0c\u786e\u7acb\u4e861800\u591a\u4ef6\u8fc7\u65f6\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u591a\u6570\u662f\u4e2d\u592e\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c11\u90e8\u5206\u4e3a\u90a6\u7acb\u6cd5\u3002\u6b64\u540e\u57282015\uff5e2020\u5e74\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u83ab\u8fea\u653f\u5e9c\u5e9f\u9664\u4e86\u8fd11500\u4ef6\u8fc7\u65f6\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u6b64\u524d\u768465\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u4e00\u5171\u53ea\u5e9f\u9664\u4e861300\u4ef6\u8fc7\u65f6\u7acb\u6cd5\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u83ab\u8fea\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u6e05\u7406\u6b96\u6c11\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u529b\u5ea6\u4e4b\u5927\u30022022\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u83ab\u8fea\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u5370\u5ea6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u56f4\u7ed5\u662f\u5426\u5e9f\u9664\u5370\u5ea6\u7ee7\u627f\u81ea1860\u5e74\u300a\u5211\u6cd5\u300b\u4e2d\u7b2c124A\u6761\u201c\u717d\u6cd5\u201d\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bdd\u9898\u63a8\u5230\u4e86\u98ce\u53e3\u6d6a\u5c16\u3002<\/p>\n

\u83ab\u8fea\u653f\u5e9c\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8f6c\u4e3a\u53bb\u6b96\u6c11\u5316\u5e76\u5bf9\u5370\u5ea6\u5211\u4e8b\u53f8\u6cd5\u4f53\u7cfb\u8fdb\u884c\u5f7b\u5e95\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5951\u673a\u3002\u5728\u6539\u9769\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u5211\u4e8b\u53f8\u6cd5\u5236\u5ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u91cd\u8981\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5747\u4e3a\u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4e3a1860\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u300a\u5370\u5ea6\u5211\u6cd5\u5178\u300b\uff08The Indian Penal Code, 1860\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0IPC), 1872\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u300a\u5370\u5ea6\u8bc1\u636e\u6cd5\u300b\uff08the Indian Evidence Act\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0IEA),\u548c1882\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u300a\u5370\u5ea6\u5211\u4e8b\u8bc9\u8bbc\u6cd5\u300b\uff08the Code of Criminal Procedure\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0CrPC\uff09\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u57281898\u548c1973\u5e74\u505a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n

2023\u5e74\uff0c\u83ab\u8fea\u653f\u5e9c\u5411\u5370\u5ea6\u8054\u90a6\u8bae\u4f1a\u4eba\u6c11\u9662\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u8349\u6848\uff0c2023\u5e7412\u670820\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u9662\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u8be5\u6cd5\uff1b2023\u5e7411\u670821\u65e5\uff0c\u8054\u90a6\u9662\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u8be5\u6cd5\uff1b2023\u5e7412\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u603b\u7edf\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u540e\u751f\u6548\u30022024\u5e747\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u4e09\u90e8\u65b0\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff1a\u65b0\u300a\u5370\u5ea6\u5211\u6cd5\u5178\u300b\uff08Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita,\u7b80\u79f0BNS\uff09\u3001\u65b0\u300a\u5370\u5ea6\u5211\u4e8b\u8bc9\u8bbc\u6cd5\u300b\uff08Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0BNSS)\u4ee5\u53ca\u65b0\u300a\u5370\u5ea6\u8bc1\u636e\u6cd5\u300b\uff08Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0BSA)\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6539\u9769\u540e\u7684\u5211\u4e8b\u53f8\u6cd5\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6446\u8131\u6b96\u6c11\u75d5\u8ff9\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5370\u5ea6\u5211\u6cd5\u53f8\u6cd5\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5c06\u5370\u5ea6\u5211\u4e8b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6cd5\u548c\u5b9e\u4f53\u7acb\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u68b3\u7406\u4e0e\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u6cd5\u6cbb\u8425\u5546\u73af\u5883\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u3002\u56fe\u6e90\uff1a\u201c\u5370\u4e2d\u667a\u6167\u6865\u201d\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7<\/p>\n

\u516d\u3001\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u652f\u6301\u5404\u90a6\u5c06\u8868\u5217\u79cd\u59d3\u4e2d\u7684\u79cd\u59d3\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7ec6\u5206\u7684\u5408\u5baa\u6027\u79cd\u59d3\u7279\u7559\u6743\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u5236\u5ea6\u3002<\/h2>\n

\u5728\u8054\u90a6\u8bae\u4f1a\u548c\u90a6\u8bae\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u5bf9\u7968\u4ed3\u6781\u5177\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u4e00\u76f4\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u79cd\u59d3\u7279\u7559\u6743\u5236\u5ea6\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u6291\u5236\u8005\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u5976\u6cb9\u52a0\u5c42\u89c4\u5219\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6700\u9ad8\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc749.5%\u201d\u3001\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u79cd\u59d3\u518d\u7ec6\u5206\u7b49\u9650\u5236\u6027\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u65c1\u906e\u666e\u8bc9\u8fbe\u95fb\u5fb7\u00b7\u8f9b\u683c\uff08State of Punjab v Davinder Singh\uff09\u4e00\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u6700\u6cd5\u9662\u5728\u9996\u5e2d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u660c\u8fbe\u62c9\u695a\u5fb7\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u4e03\u4eba\u5ba1\u5224\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e862004\u5e74\u7684\u5224\u51b3\uff0c\u5728\u79cd\u59d3\u7279\u7559\u6743\u4e0a\u7ed9\u4e88\u90a6\u66f4\u591a\u8bdd\u8bed\u6743\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6848\u60c5\u5982\u4e0b\u3002\u4ece1975\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u65c1\u906e\u666e\u90a6\u5c06\u8868\u5217\u79cd\u59d3\u533a\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u4e00\u534a\u9884\u7559\u7ed9\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f4e\u79cd\u59d3\uff08Balmikis\u6216Valmikis)\u4ee5\u53caMazhabi Sikhs\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u534a\u9884\u7559\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u4f4e\u79cd\u59d3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5230\u4e862004\u5e74\uff0c\u4e94\u6cd5\u5b98\u5ba1\u5224\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5728\u5947\u7eb3\u57c3\u8bc9\u5370\u5ea6\uff08E.V. Chinnaiah v Union of India\uff09\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u5426\u51b3\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ec6\u5206\u6cd5\u3002\u8be5\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u8bf4\u7406\u90e8\u5206\u63d0\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u70b9\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u6839\u636e\u5370\u5ea6\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c341\u6761\uff0c\u79cd\u59d3\u754c\u5b9a\u6743\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u603b\u7edf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u90a6\u8bae\u4f1a\u6216\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u8868\u5217\u79cd\u59d3\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u7ec6\u5206\u3002\u4f46\u65c1\u906e\u666e\u90a6\u8bae\u4f1a2006\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u300a\u65c1\u906e\u666e\u8868\u5217\u4e2d\u5fc3\u548c\u843d\u540e\u9636\u5c42\uff08\u670d\u52a1\u7279\u7559\u6743\uff09\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u91c7\u53d6\u4e861975\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u60ef\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u9884\u755950%\u7684\u5e2d\u4f4d\uff0c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u8868\u5217\u79cd\u59d3\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u8bc9\u8bbc\u30022010\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u54c8\u91cc\u4e9a\u7eb3\u3001\u65c1\u906e\u666e\u9ad8\u7b49\u6cd5\u9662\uff08\u54c8\u91cc\u4e9a\u7eb3\u90a6\u548c\u65c1\u906e\u666e\u90a6\u5171\u4eab\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u7b49\u6cd5\u9662\uff09\u5ba3\u5e03\u65c1\u906e\u666e\u90a62006\u5e74\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8fdd\u5baa\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65c1\u906e\u666e\u653f\u5e9c\u6839\u636e1992\u5e74\u4e5d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u5728\u8096\u54c8\u5c3c\u6848\uff08Indra Sawhney v Union of India \uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u7406\u7531\u63d0\u8d77\u4e86\u4e0a\u8bc9\uff0c2014\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u4e09\u6cd5\u5b98\u5408\u8bae\u5ead\u542c\u53d6\u4e86\u6848\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u63a8\u8350\u4e94\u6cd5\u5b98\u5ba1\u5224\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6765\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bc4\u4f30\u5947\u7eb3\u57c3\u6848\u5224\u51b3\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u30022020\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u4e94\u6cd5\u5b98\u5ba1\u5224\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u65c1\u906e\u666e\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u533a\u5206\u6027\u7167\u987e\u7b26\u5408\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c16\uff084\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca342\u3001342A\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1b\u6839\u636e\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c15\u30011\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u90a6\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u754c\u5b9a\u8868\u5217\u79cd\u59d3\u7684\u30022023\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u6b64\u6848\u6539\u7531\u9996\u5e2d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u660c\u5fb7\u62c9\u695a\u5fb7\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u4e03\u6cd5\u5b98\u5ba1\u5224\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5ba1\u7406\u3002\u8be5\u5ba1\u5224\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e8e2024\u5e748\u67081\u65e5\u4ee56:1\u7684\u6295\u7968\u5224\u51b3\u652f\u6301\u65c1\u906e\u666e\u90a6\u5728\u7279\u7559\u6743\u914d\u4e2d\u7684\u79cd\u59d3\u7ec6\u5206\u7acb\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u6e90\uff1a\u201c\u5370\u4e2d\u667a\u6167\u6865\u201d\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7<\/p>\n

\u4e03\u3001\u5317\u963f\u574e\u5fb7\u90a6\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u7edf\u4e00\u6c11\u6cd5\u51782024\u5e742\u67088\u65e5\uff0c\u7531\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u6c11\u515a\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u5317\u963f\u574e\u5fb7\u90a6<\/h2>\n

\u5728\u90a6\u4e00\u7ea7\u7387\u5148\u901a\u8fc7\u300a\u7edf\u4e00\u6c11\u6cd5\u5178\u300b\uff08UCC\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u5236\u5b9a\u5168\u56fd\u7edf\u4e00\u6c11\u6cd5\u5178\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u524d\u594f\u3002\u5236\u5b9a\u300a\u7edf\u4e00\u6c11\u6cd5\u5178\u300b\u3001\u5e9f\u9664\u514b\u4ec0\u7c73\u5c14\u5730\u533a\u81ea\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\u4ee5\u53ca\u91cd\u5efa\u963f\u7ea6\u63d0\u4e9a\u7f57\u6469\u795e\u5e99\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4eba\u6c11\u515a\u81ea1980\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u7ade\u9009\u53c2\u653f\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u4f7f\u547d\u3002\u83ab\u8fea\u653f\u5e9c\u81ea2014\u5e74\u4e0a\u53f0\u4ee5\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u63a8\u52a8\u5236\u5b9a\u4e00\u90e8\u7ba1\u7406\u516c\u6c11\u4e4b\u95f4\u6c11\u4e8b\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u6cd5\u5178\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8be5\u6d88\u606f\u8fc5\u901f\u5f15\u53d1\u5370\u5ea6\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u8206\u8bba\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u5317\u963f\u574e\u5fb7\u90a6\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u6c11\u6cd5\u5178\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u7ed3\u5a5a\u3001\u79bb\u5a5a\u3001\u6536\u517b\u548c\u7ee7\u627f\u3002\u4e0e\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u5a5a\u59fb\u6cd5\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u6bd4\u8f83\u660e\u663e\u7684\u6743\u5229\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5c06\u7ed3\u5a5a\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7537\u4eba\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5973\u4eba\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u7ed3\u5a5a\u5e74\u9f84\u987b\u4e3a\u7537\u602721\u5c81\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u5973\u602718\u5c81\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e9f\u9664\u7ae5\u5a5a\uff1b<\/p>\n

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\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599\uff1a1.SCO Team,Supreme Court Review: Top 10 judgements of 2024, Supreme Court Obderver, 20th Dec, 2024, https:\/\/www.scobserver.in\/journal\/supreme-court-review-top-10-judgements-of-2024\/.2.SCO,<\/a> Electoral Bonds Constitution Bench,https:\/\/www.scobserver.in\/reports\/electoral-bonds-constitution-bench-judgement-summary\/.3.Advay<\/a> Vora, State\u2019s p<\/p>\n

ower to tax mines and minerals: Judgement Summary, Supreme Court Observer, 27th Jul 2024,https:\/\/www.scobserver.in\/reports\/states-power-to-tax-mines-and-minerals-judgement-summary\/.4.State<\/a>\u2019s power to regulate industrial alcohol (State of Uttar Pradesh v Lalta Prasad Vaish),2024 INSC 812.5.One Nation One Election 'The Constitution 129th Am<\/p>\n

endment Bill 2024\u2019, Dec. 19, 2024,https:\/\/www.drishtiias.com\/daily-updates\/daily-news-analysis\/one-nation-one-election-the-constitution-129th-amendment-bill-2024.6.SCO,Validity<\/a> of Sub-Classification Within Reserved Categories, Supreme Court Observer,https:\/\/www.scobserver.in\/cases\/punjab-davinder-singh-validity-of-sub-classification-withi<\/a><\/p>\n

n-reserved-categories-case-background\/.7.PRS,Overview of Criminal Law Reforms,https:\/\/prsindia.org\/billtrack\/overview-of-criminal-law-reforms.8.Bharatiya<\/a> Nyaya Sanhita: An Interesting Way Ahead,LawCrust,https:\/\/lawcrust.com\/bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita\/.9.Advay<\/a> Vora, Arvind Kejriwal in the Supreme Court: A timeline, Supreme Court Observer,3rd<\/p>\n

Oct 2024,https:\/\/www.scobserver.in\/journal\/arvind-kejriwal-in-the-supreme-court-a-timeline\/.10.Anirudh<\/a> Nikhare, Top 10 Legal News of 2024, 26 Dec 2024, https:\/\/blog.finology.in\/Legal-news\/legal-current-affair-2024.<\/a>\u4f5c\u8005\u7b80\u4ecb\uff1a\u5f20\u6587\u5a1f\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u91d1\u5fb7\u5c14\u5168\u7403\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\u6559\u6388\u3001\u526f\u9662\u957f;<\/p>\n

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