{"id":4751,"date":"2024-12-23T23:49:29","date_gmt":"2024-12-23T15:49:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nyyjtx.cn\/?p=4751"},"modified":"2024-12-23T23:49:29","modified_gmt":"2024-12-23T15:49:29","slug":"%e6%b7%b1%e5%ba%a6%ef%bd%9c%e5%8c%96%e8%a7%a3%e5%86%b2%e7%aa%81%e8%bf%98%e6%98%af%e5%90%91%e7%89%b9%e6%9d%83%e5%a6%a5%e5%8d%8f-%e5%8d%b0%e5%ba%a6%e8%81%94%e9%82%a6%e5%88%b6%e7%a9%b6%e7%ab%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nyyjtx.cn\/?p=4751","title":{"rendered":"\u6df1\u5ea6\uff5c\u5316\u89e3\u51b2\u7a81\u8fd8\u662f\u5411\u7279\u6743\u59a5\u534f&#8230;\u5370\u5ea6\u8054\u90a6\u5236\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u597d\u662f\u574f\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"nyyjtx-imported-article\" style=\"max-width:760px;margin:0 auto;color:#1f2933;font-size:17px;line-height:1.95;letter-spacing:0;\">\n<div class=\"wechat-article-meta\" style=\"margin:0 0 22px;padding:12px 14px;border-left:4px solid 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style=\"margin:0 0 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style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">1951\u5e74\u81f31989\u5e74\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u7684\u9738\u6743\u88ab\u4e0d\u5047\u601d\u7d22\u5730\u89c6\u4e3a\u96c6\u6743\u7684\u4ee3\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7f3a\u4e4f\u91cd\u5927\u653f\u6cbb\u7ade\u4e89\u5e76\u672a\u5f71\u54cd\u5404\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6216\u9650\u5236\u5176\u6743\u5a01\u3002\u4e8c\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u6cbb\u53ca\u5176\u8054\u90a6\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\uff0c\u4e0e\u5370\u5ea6\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u82cf\u8fea\u5e15\u00b7\u5361\u7ef4\u62c9\u6770\uff08Sudipta Kaviraj\uff092010\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u60f3\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u673a\u6784\u300b\uff08The Imaginary Institution of India\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u5b5f\u52a0\u62c9\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u548c\u8bba\u8ff0\u3002\u4e66\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e19\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\uff0c\u4e0e\u5730\u533a\u4e3b\u4e49\u540c\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\uff1a\u5b5f\u52a0\u62c9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u533a\u57df\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u5e76\u4e0d\u65e9\u4e8e\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0e\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u540c\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 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Thorner\uff09\u88ab\u544a\u77e5\uff0c\u8ba1\u5212\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u5bf9\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u56db\u4e94\u8ba1\u5212\u4e2d\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002\u4ece\u653f\u6cbb\u89d2\u5ea6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8054\u90a6\u5236\u901a\u8fc7\u4e3a\u5730\u533a\u7cbe\u82f1\u63d0\u4f9b\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u6765\u6291\u5236\u7ade\u4e89\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u5404\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u6c38\u4e45\u6027\u7684\u534f\u5546\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u52a0\u6df1\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u53c2\u4e0e\u5ea6\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u4e86\u6743\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u3002\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\u4f7f\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u4ece\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u5230\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u518d\u4ece\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u5230\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u65e0\u7f1d\u5207\u6362\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u5730\u533a\u653f\u515a\u5d1b\u8d77\u540e\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u4e2d\u592e\u8054\u5408\u653f\u5e9c\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p 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style=\"margin:0 0 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Urs\uff09\u6210\u529f\u63a8\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u6709\u9650\u4f46\u76f8\u5f53\u6709\u6548\u7684\u571f\u5730\u6539\u9769\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u5580\u62c9\u62c9\u90a6\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u5065\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u6c34\u5e73\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 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Party\uff09\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0a\u53f0\u6267\u653f\u3002\u6b64\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u5730\u4e3b\u79cd\u59d3\u5f00\u59cb\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4ece\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u8f6c\u79fb\u5f00\u6765\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u62c9\u59651983\u5e74\u5728\u5b89\u5f97\u62c9\u90a6\u638c\u6743\uff0c\u5e76\u52a9\u957f\u4e86\u90bb\u8fd1\u5361\u90a6\u5fb7\u97e6\u00b7\u9ad8\u8fbe(Deve Gowda)\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 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style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u6848\u4f8b\u8fd8\u6709\u67aa\u652f\u7ba1\u5236\uff08\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u65e0\u6743\u5bf9\u67aa\u652f\u7ba1\u5236\u8fdb\u884c\u7acb\u6cd5\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u5815\u80ce\u6743\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u6597\u4e89\u3002\u5148\u4f8b\u662f\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u2014\u2014\u6c11\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8\u7206\u53d1\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u88ab\u8feb\u5e9f\u9664\u4e86\u201c\u5409\u59c6\u00b7\u514b\u7f57\u201d\uff08Jim Crow\uff09\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c1973\u5e74\u5bf9\u201c\u7f57\u4f0a\u8bc9\u97e6\u5fb7\u201d\u4e00\u6848\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u7ec8\u7ed3\u4e86\u5c06\u5815\u80ce\u5b9a\u4e3a\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u4f01\u56fe\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u80dc\u5229\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u540e\u624d\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ecd\u7136\u5c8c\u5c8c\u53ef\u5371\uff0c\u53d7\u5171\u548c\u515a\u9009\u6c11\u6700\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u65f6\u5149\u5012\u6d41\u3002\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e0a\u5c42\u548c\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u51b3\u5fc3\u7ef4\u62a4\u5176\u7edf\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u51b3\u5fc3\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e86\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\u548c60\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f0\u6e7e\u3001\u97e9\u56fd\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u9636\u5c42\u63a8\u884c\u571f\u5730\u6539\u9769\u3001\u666e\u53ca\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u5065\uff0c\u5e76\u63a8\u884c\u51fa\u53e3\u5bfc\u5411\u578b\u4ea7\u4e1a\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u4ed6\u4eec\u63a8\u5d07\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u662f\u674e\u65af\u7279\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f19\u4e16\u7eaa\u665a\u671f\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u56fd\u5bb6\u79ef\u6781\u5e72\u9884\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u56fd\u5185\u5de5\u4e1a\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5176\u4ea7\u91cf\u548c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u6210\u679c\u5df2\u7ecf\u663e\u73b0\uff0c\u523080\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u9886\u5148\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u65e0\u53ef\u8fa9\u9a73\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5341\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u9762\u5bf9\u56db\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u79ef\u7d2f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5374\u9009\u62e9\u65e0\u89c6\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6770\u51fa\u6587\u732e\u2014\u2014\u67e5\u83ab\u65af\u00b7\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a(Chalmers Johnson)\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u827e\u4e3d\u65af\u00b7\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u767b (Alice Amsden)\u5bf9\u97e9\u56fd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u97e6\u5fb7\uff08Robert Wade\uff09\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f0\u6e7e\u7814\u7a76\u2014\u2014\u800c\u9752\u7750\u7c73\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u66fc\u53ca\u5176\u95e8\u5f92\u90a3\u79cd\u65e0\u89c6\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u573a\u80dc\u5229\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u957f\u671f\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u77ed\u7f3a\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u80fd\u529b\u30022010\u5e74\uff0c\u53f3\u7ffc\u667a\u5e93\u51b2\u7a81\u7ba1\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08Institute of Conflict Management\uff0c\u574e\u74e6\u5c14\u00b7\u8f9b\u683c\u00b7\u5409\u5c14\u521b\u7acb\uff09\u7684\u963f\u8d3e\u4f0a\u00b7\u8428\u8d6b\u5c3c\uff08Ajai Sahni\uff09\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u6bcf\u5343\u4eba\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u6570\u91cf\u751a\u81f3\u5c11\u4e8e\u5d07\u5c1a\u5c0f\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u6bcf10\u4e07\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u62e5\u6709295\u540d\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u5305\u62ec\u516c\u5171\u90e8\u95e8\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u94c1\u8def\uff0c\u5176\u96c7\u5458\u5360\u603b\u6570\u768442%\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6bcf10\u4e07\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u62e5\u6709889\u540d\u8054\u90a6\u96c7\u5458\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5404\u5dde\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u6bcf10\u4e07\u516c\u6c11\u96c7\u75286314\u540d\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u3002\u5317\u65b9\u90a6\u7684\u76f8\u5e94\u6570\u5b57\u4e3a352\uff0c\u6bd4\u54c8\u5c14\u90a6\u4e3a472\uff0c\u9a6c\u54c8\u62c9\u65bd\u7279\u62c9\u90a6\u4e3a1223\uff0c\u53e4\u5409\u62c9\u7279\u90a6\u4e3a1694\uff1a\u8fd9\u5305\u62ec\u8b66\u5bdf\u3001\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u3001\u6559\u5e08\u3001\u6587\u5458\u3001\u6cd5\u5b98\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p 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