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\u4e09\u3001\u9700\u8981\u65b0\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u610f\u8bc6<\/h2>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8d70\u5411\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u5e73\u8861\uff1a\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e73\u8861\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u671f\u671b\u4ed6\u4eba\u8bda\u5b9e\uff0c\u4e14\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bda\u5b9e\u884c\u4e8b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u8bda\u5b9e\u5e73\u8861\u201d\u5c06\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e92\u4fe1\u4e0e\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u63a8\u52a8\u5927\u5bb6\u5171\u540c\u5b8c\u6210\u521b\u9020\u516c\u5171\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u63a8\u52a8\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u957f\u671f\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u5bb6\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u5e15\u7279\u5357\uff08Robert Putnam\uff09\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u8d70\u51fa\u81ea\u6211\u5f3a\u5316\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u5e73\u8861\u201d\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u6307\u5357\u3002\u5e15\u7279\u5357\u53ca\u5176\u5408\u4f5c\u4f19\u4f34\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\uff08Civic Communities\uff09\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u5e94\u8be5\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u524d\u8fdb\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u5728\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u901a\u8fc7\u52a0\u5165\u4f53\u80b2\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u3001\u5408\u4f5c\u793e\u3001\u4e92\u52a9\u4f1a\u548c\u6587\u5316\u534f\u4f1a\u6765\u4e92\u76f8\u627f\u8bfa\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u5e73\u7b49\u3001\u5bbd\u5bb9\u548c\u5171\u540c\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u751f\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4ece\u5c0f\u5904\u7740\u624b\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8425\u9020\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u9760\u4fe1\u606f\u6c9f\u901a\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u77eb\u6b63\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u3001\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5584\u548c\u6545\u610f\u6b6a\u66f2\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u503e\u5411\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u503e\u5411\u4f7f\u793e\u4f1a\u7126\u8651\u3001\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u548c\u51b2\u7a81\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u70ed\u5fc3\u516c\u76ca\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u4e0d\u61c8\u52aa\u529b\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d3b\u52a8\u4ece\u672a\u5177\u6709\u5b9e\u73b0\u5171\u540c\u7e41\u8363\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u6216\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u4e0e\u5b5f\u52a0\u62c9\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5c06\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u6c11\u95f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u89c6\u4f5c\u53d1\u5c55\u4f19\u4f34\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c\u5f80\u5f80\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u89c6\u4e3a\u5bf9\u624b\uff0c\u4e14\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u9650\u5236\u5176\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u5c06\u91cd\u89c6\u516c\u76ca\u7684\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6743\u529b\u548c\u5236\u5ea6\u8d44\u6e90\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u3002\u8981\u57f9\u80b2\u5177\u6709\u6d3b\u529b\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u6700\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5e94\u5f53\u662f\u5c06\u6cbb\u7406\u6743\u4e0b\u653e\uff0c\u5373\u653f\u5e9c\u6743\u529b\u548c\u8d22\u653f\u8d44\u6e90\u4ece\u4e2d\u592e\u548c\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0b\u653e\u81f3\u4e61\u53bf\u653f\u5e9c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u81ea\u72ec\u7acb\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e00\u76f4\u63a8\u5d07\u6743\u529b\u4e0b\u653e\u3002\u4f46\u76f4\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u624d\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5728\u897f\u5b5f\u52a0\u62c9\u90a6\u548c\u5361\u7eb3\u5854\u514b\u90a6\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u4e9b\u8bb8\u8fdb\u5c55\u30021993\u5e74\uff0c\u4e3a\u9f13\u52b1\u6743\u529b\u4e0b\u653e\uff0c\u62c9\u5965\u603b\u7406\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u653f\u5e9c\u63a8\u52a8\u8bae\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e24\u9879\u5baa\u6cd5\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5373\u4fbf\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u548c\u90a6\u9996\u5e9c\u4ecd\u7136\u638c\u63e1\u7740\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u653f\u5e9c\u6743\u529b\u548c\u8d22\u653f\u8d44\u6e90\u30021996\u5e74\u66fe\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u7ebf\u5e0c\u671b\u3002\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\uff08\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\uff09\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u5021\u8bae\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u5370\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1\u9886\u57df\u5904\u4e8e\u9886\u5148\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u5580\u62c9\u62c9\u90a6\u5f00\u59cb\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5f71\u54cd\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u6743\u529b\u548c\u8d22\u653f\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0b\u653e\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u6b63\u5982\u5e15\u7279\u5357\u6240\u9884\u6599\uff1a2002\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u8c03\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u6743\u529b\u4e0b\u653e\uff0c\u5580\u62c9\u62c9\u90a6\u516c\u6c11\u53c2\u4e0e\u516c\u6c11\u7ec4\u7ec7\u79ef\u6781\u6027\u6709\u6240\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8c03\u67e5\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5973\u6027\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u66f4\u79ef\u6781\u5730\u547c\u5401\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u5458\u6539\u5584\u90a6\u5185\u516c\u5171\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u63d0\u4f9b\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4e0e\u79ef\u6781\u547c\u5401\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u8868\u793a\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u533b\u7597\u3001\u513f\u7ae5\u4fdd\u80b2\u548c\u4f4f\u623f\u4fdd\u969c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u5747\u5f97\u5230\u5207\u5b9e\u6539\u5584\u3002\u4f26\u6566\u5927\u5b66\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u66fc\u8bfa\uff08James Manor\uff09\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u9891\u7e41\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u6743\u529b\u4e0b\u653e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u3002\u8bc4\u8bba\u5bb6\u62c5\u5fc3\uff0c\u6751\u59d4\u4f1a\u548c\u4e61\u53bf\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u6d41\u6c13\u9886\u5bfc\u53ef\u80fd\u52ab\u6301\u4e0b\u653e\u8d44\u91d1\u7528\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u6216\u4e8b\u4e1a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e0d\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u79ef\u6781\u53cd\u9988\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u53ef\u80fd\u963b\u788d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u6269\u5927\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u62c5\u5fe7\u88ab\u8fc7\u5206\u5938\u5927\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u300a\u5370\u5ea6\u652f\u79bb\u7834\u788e\uff1a\u4ece\u72ec\u7acb\u81f3\u4eca\u4e00\u76f4\u906d\u5230\u80cc\u53db\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u300b\uff08India is Broken: A People Betrayed, Independence to Today\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u51e0\u8fd1\u5931\u7075\u7684\u652b\u53d6\u653f\u6cbb\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u4e2d\u592e\u548c\u90a6\u4e00\u7ea7\u5df2\u7ecf\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u3002\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4e61\u53bf\u653f\u5e9c\u66f4\u52a0\u8d34\u8fd1\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5b9e\u884c\u95ee\u8d23\u5236\u3002\u5580\u62c9\u62c9\u90a6\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u6743\u529b\u4e0b\u653e\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u5580\u62c9\u62c9\u90a6\u524d\u90a6\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u957f\u3001\u6743\u529b\u4e0b\u653e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e3b\u8981\u63a8\u52a8\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u4f0a\u8428\u514b\uff08Thomas Isaac\uff09\u66fe\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u5580\u62c9\u62c9\u90a6\u7684\u6743\u529b\u4e0b\u653e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u2018\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u2019\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u5b9e\u9a8c\u201c\u5f88\u8106\u5f31\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8106\u5f31\u6027\u5728\u6210\u529f\u7684\u4e61\u53bf\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u89d2\u529b\u4e2d\u4f53\u73b0\u5f97\u6dcb\u6f13\u5c3d\u81f4\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u89d2\u529b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5580\u62c9\u62c9\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u987e\u4e61\u53bf\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u4e8e2020\u5e746\u6708\u6279\u51c6\u4e86\u963f\u63d0\u62c9\u76ae\u5229\u6c34\u7535\u7ad9\u9879\u76ee\uff08Athirappilly hydroelectric project\uff09\u3002\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u5c06\u52a0\u901f\u897f\u9ad8\u6b62\u5c71\u8109\u7684\u68ee\u6797\u780d\u4f10\u548c\u6c34\u571f\u6d41\u5931\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u52a0\u5267\u65e5\u76ca\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u66b4\u96e8\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u5580\u62c9\u62c9\u90a6\u9020\u6210\u7684\u7834\u574f\u3002\u4e00\u573a\u8f70\u8f70\u70c8\u70c8\u7684\u57fa\u5c42\u8fd0\u52a8\uff08\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u5730\u65b9\u81ea\u6cbb\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff09\u8feb\u4f7f\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6b64\u6b21\u8fd0\u52a8\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u524d\u65b9\u5374\u4ecd\u6709\u7740\u66f4\u591a\u969c\u788d\u3002\u5f3a\u786c\u7684\u516c\u5171\u673a\u6784\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5bf9\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u55e4\u4e4b\u4ee5\u9f3b\uff0c\u575a\u6301\u8fdb\u884c\u7834\u574f\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\u9879\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n

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