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\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u5f17\u91cc\u8328\u00b7\u76d6\u535a\u90a3\uff08Fritz Graebner\uff09\u5219\u5173\u6ce8\u5927\u6d0b\u6d32\u6587\u5316\u5708\u3001\u6587\u5316\u5c42\u3002\u8c6a\u6c0f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7528\u8d39\u3001\u76d6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u6784\u65e7\u77f3\u5668\u81f3\u9752\u94dc\u6587\u660e\u65f6\u4ee3\u201c\u9a6c\u6765-\u6ce2\u5229\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u8fc1\u5f99\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u6d77\u6d0b\u6e38\u7267\u201d\u73b0\u8c61\u6070\u6070\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u201c\u5370\u592a\u201d\u4ece\u65e7\u77f3\u5668\u65f6\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\u4fbf\u5177\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u957f\u65f6\u6bb5\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u5374\u4ece\u4e0d\u66fe\u5982\u6b64\u201d\u3002\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u6d77\u6d0b\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u5b66\u201d\u7684\u8054\u59fb\uff0c\u8c6a\u65af\u970d\u5f17\u7adf\u7136\u201c\u8bc1\u660e\u201d\u4e86\u5370\u5ea6\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u201c\u9ad8\u4e8e\u201d\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e0e\u76f4\u89c9\u4e0d\u7b26\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u8c6a\u6c0f\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u542f\u53d1\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u3002\u5176\u65f6\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u3001\u6d77\u6d0b\u5b66\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u6210\u679c\u7eb7\u7eb7\u6307\u5411\u6ce2\u5229\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u3001\u5927\u6d0b\u6d32\u3001\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u3001\u5357\u4e9a\u548c\u4e1c\u975e\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u6fb3\u65af\u7279\u7f57\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u201d\u8bed\u7cfb\uff08\u4ea6\u79f0\u201c\u5357\u5c9b\u8bed\u7cfb\u201d\uff09\u897f\u81f3\u9a6c\u8fbe\u52a0\u65af\u52a0\u8bed\uff0c\u4e1c\u8fbe\u6590\u6d4e\u8bed\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d77\u6d0b\u5b66\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u5b66\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5708\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u9010\u6e10\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5357\u6d77\u201d\uff08S\u00fcdsee\uff09\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5357\u90e8\u8bf8\u6d77\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u673a\u6d77\u6d0b\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u65e2\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u8bed\u8a00\u7b49\u6587\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u751f\u7269\u3001\u6d0b\u6d41\u3001\u5730\u8d28\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u8c6a\u65af\u970d\u5f17\u6240\u505a\u7684\u662f\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u8d85\u957f\u65f6\u6bb5\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u53f2\u62c9\u56de\u653f\u6cbb\u53f2\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5efa\u6784\u201c\u5370\u592a\u201d\u613f\u666f\u3002\u8c6a\u65af\u970d\u5f17\u8ba4\u5b9a\uff0c\u201c\u5370\u592a\u201d\u653f\u6cbb\u5d1b\u8d77\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u8bc6\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u7edf\u4e00\u6218\u7ebf\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5316\u89e3\u4efb\u4f55\u201c\u504f\u5370\u5ea6\u6d0b\u201d\u548c\u201c\u504f\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u62b5\u51b2\uff0c\u6291\u6216\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u548c\u4e2d\u534e\u6587\u5316\u5708\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f20\u529b\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u81ea\u53e4\u4ee5\u6765\u4e2d\u3001\u5370\u6587\u660e\u4ea4\u7ec7\u7684\u5927\u67d3\u7f38\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8c03\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u67aa\u53e3\u4e00\u81f4\u5bf9\u5411\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u5e94\u501f\u9274\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5171\u548c\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u201c\u5370\u592a\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8c6a\u65af\u970d\u5f17\u6709\u4e24\u4f4d\u5370\u5ea6\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u2014\u2014\u5370\u5ea6\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b66\u8005\u8428\u5361\u5c14\uff08Benoy Sarkar\uff09\u548c\u5b5f\u52a0\u62c9\u88d4\u5370\u5ea6\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u5854\u62c9\u514b\u00b7\u7eb3\u7279\u00b7\u8fbe\u65af\uff08Tarak Nath Das\uff09\u3002\u4e24\u4f4d\u90fd\u662f\u53cd\u82f1\u3001\u53cd\u6b96\u6c11\u6597\u58eb\u3002\u57281920\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u8428\u5361\u5c14\u66fe\u5e0c\u671b\u5370\u5ea6\u4eff\u6548\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u548c\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u63a8\u7ffb\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u5728\u5357\u4e9a\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002\u4ed6\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u300a\u9752\u5e74\u4e9a\u6d32\u7684\u672a\u6765\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b\u662f\u8c6a\u65af\u970d\u5f17\u8bba\u8bc1\u201c\u5370\u592a\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u8bc6\u201d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7d20\u6750\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8428\u5361\u5c14\u5728\u56db\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u8d5e\u7f8e\u7eb3\u7cb9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8eab\u540e\u4e89\u8bae\u751a\u591a\u3002\u8fbe\u65af\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u66f4\u52a0\u4f20\u5947\u3002\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u4e0e\u5370\u5ea6\u53cd\u6b96\u6c11\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fbe\u65af\u66fe\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u53d71917\u5e74\u7684\u201c\u5370\u5fb7\u9634\u8c0b\u6848\u201d\u7275\u8fde\u9512\u94db\u5165\u72f1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7ec8\u4e8e\u83b7\u91ca\u8d70\u51fa\u582a\u8428\u65af\u7262\u623f\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u6ee1\u6000\u5fff\u5fff\uff0c\u8d8a\u6d0b\u6765\u5230\u5fc3\u5411\u5f80\u4e4b\u7684\u6155\u5c3c\u9ed1\u3002\u5728\u52a0\u5dde\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5199\u6210\u4e00\u90e8\u82f1\u6587\u65b0\u4e66\u300a\u65e5\u672c\u662f\u4e9a\u6d32\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u5417\uff1f\u300b\uff08Is Japan a menace to Asia?\uff09\uff0c\u7531\u5317\u6d0b\u524d\u56fd\u52a1\u603b\u7406\u5510\u7ecd\u4eea\u4f5c\u5e8f\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u300a\u56fd\u6c11\u65b0\u95fb\u300b\u603b\u7f16\u5fb7\u5bcc\u732a\u4e00\u90ce\u7f16\u7e82\u9644\u5f55\u8868\uff0c\u4e8e\u4e0a\u6d77\u5370\u5237\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u6765\u5230\u5fb7\u56fd\u540e\uff0c\u8fbe\u65af\u83b7\u5f97\u8c6a\u65af\u970d\u5f17\u7b49\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u6d3e\u9063\u5370\u5ea6\u5b66\u751f\u8d74\u5fb7\u7559\u5b66\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u751f\u6e90\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u96c5\u5229\u5b89\u534f\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u53f3\u7ffc\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u9f13\u5439\u201c\u5370\u5ea6\u96c5\u5229\u5b89\u201d\u79cd\u65cf\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u5728\u8fbe\u65af\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u534f\u52a9\u4e0b\uff0c\u8c6a\u6c0f\u7b79\u5efa\u4e86\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u5b66\u672f\u9662\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u7814\u7a76\u90e8\u3002\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u5b66\u672f\u9662\u6700\u521d\u4eff\u745e\u5178\u5b66\u9662\u800c\u5efa\uff0c\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\u4e3a\u6446\u8131\u7eb3\u7cb9\u6076\u540d\uff0c\u66f4\u540d\u6362\u59d3\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u9020\u798f\u65e0\u6570\u5fb7\u6587\u5b66\u4e60\u8005\u7684\u201c\u6b4c\u5fb7\u5b66\u9662\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8c6a\u65af\u970d\u5f17\u4e0e\u8428\u5361\u5c14\u3001\u8fbe\u65af\u8fc7\u4ece\u751a\u5bc6\uff0c\u63a8\u5d07\u6cf0\u6208\u5c14\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u5438\u6536\u5fb7\u56fd\u68b5\u5b66\u548c\u6c49\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u9a6c\u514b\u65af\u00b7\u7f2a\u52d2\uff08Max M\u00fcller\uff09\u548c\u5965\u6258\u00b7\u798f\u5170\u9601\uff08Otto Franke\uff09\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u51e1\u6b64\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u5370\u592a\u201d\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5173\u952e\u56e0\u7d20\u548c\u7075\u611f\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u201c\u5370\u6b27\u5927\u9646\u201d\u201c\u5370\u592a\u6d77\u6d0b\u201d\u613f\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u52a8\u6447\u82f1\u6cd5\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u8c6a\u65af\u970d\u5f17\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u597d\u53cb\u8fbe\u65af\u51fa\u7248\u300a\u65e5\u672c\u662f\u4e9a\u6d32\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u5417\uff1f\u300b\uff0c\u5510\u7ecd\u4eea\u4f5c\u5e8f \u56fe\u6e90\uff1a\u201c\u6f8e\u6e43\u79c1\u5bb6\u5386\u53f2\u201d\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u5370\u5ea6\u5b66\u8005\u3001\u53cd\u6b96\u6c11\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bb6\u8428\u5361\u5c14\uff08Benoy Sarkar\uff0c1887-1949\uff09 \u56fe\u6e90\uff1a\u201c\u6f8e\u6e43\u79c1\u5bb6\u5386\u53f2\u201d\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u5854\u62c9\u514b\u00b7\u7eb3\u7279\u00b7\u8fbe\u65af\uff08Tarak Nath Das, 1884-1958\uff09 \u56fe\u6e90\uff1a\u201c\u6f8e\u6e43\u79c1\u5bb6\u5386\u53f2\u201d\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u8c6a\u6c0f\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u754c\u79c1\u4ea4\u4e0d\u6df1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u5730\u653f\u3001\u6d77\u653f\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u5360\u636e\u4e3e\u8db3\u8f7b\u91cd\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4ed6\u89c6\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u548c\u9769\u547d\u4e3a\u201c\u5370\u592a\u201d\u4eba\u6c11\u81ea\u4e3b\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u5178\u8303\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u5938\u5f20\u7684\u4e1c\u65b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\uff0c\u4ed6\u65ad\u8a00\u6b27\u7f8e\u601d\u60f3\u900a\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u501f\u7528\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d77\u6d0b\u8d38\u6613\u53f2\u6765\u6279\u5224\u6b27\u7f8e\u6d77\u6d0b\u5f3a\u56fd\u3002\u4ed6\u9119\u5937\u9053\uff1a\u4ece\u8153\u5c3c\u57fa\u5230\u7f57\u9a6c\uff0c\u4ece\u4f0a\u6bd4\u5229\u4e9a\u5230\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u822a\u6d77\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u201c\u66f4\u591a\u662f\u2018\u6cbf\u5cb8\u2019\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5927\u6d0b\u7684\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u5982\u6b64\u523b\u610f\u8d2c\u4f4e\u7f57\u66fc\u6c11\u65cf\u5728\u9ec4\u91d1\u822a\u6d77\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u5176\u6807\u51c6\u81ea\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u5fb7\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u822a\u6d77\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e1c\u897f\u4e9a\u822a\u6d77\u7684\u5dc5\u5cf0\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u65f6\u5e38\u201c\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u2018\u5370\u5ea6\u5927\u6d0b\u5730\u533a\u2019\u76f8\u9047\u201d\uff0c\u6b64\u8bed\u4f9d\u7167\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u7684\u5fb7\u6587\u53e5\u6cd5\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u201c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u201d\u5e94\u6307\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u201d\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u201c\u5370\u592a\u6218\u7565\u201d\u7684\u9f3b\u7956\u7adf\u5c06\u201c\u5370\u592a\u201d\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u652f\u914d\u6743\u8d60\u4e88\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8c6a\u65af\u970d\u5f17\u5927\u7ea6\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5510\u5b8b\u4ee5\u6765\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u5546\u8d38\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u90d1\u548c\u8230\u961f\u7684\u822a\u7ebf\u4e5f\u6b63\u597d\u4e5f\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e86\u5357\u4e9a\u548c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\uff0c\u4e0e\u897f\u3001\u8461\u3001\u82f1\u3001\u8377\u3001\u6cd5\u822a\u7ebf\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u8c6a\u6c0f\u7684\u201c\u5370\u592a\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u5bf9\u4ed6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u201c\u5370\u592a\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u201c\u5370\u592a\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u822a\u6d77\uff0c\u6210\u5c31\u76d6\u8fc7\u4e86\u6b27\u7f8e\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u52a8\u6447\u4e86\u897f\u6b27\u201c\u6d77\u6d0b\u7edf\u6cbb\u201d\u201c\u8de8\u6d77\u6b96\u6c11\u201d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u8c6a\u6c0f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e1c\u65b9\u53f2\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\u62b9\u6740\u5fb7\u56fd\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5408\u7406\u6027\u4e0e\u65bd\u4e3a\u6027\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u8054\u5408\u201c\u5370\u592a\u201d\u672c\u571f\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u5316\u6291\u5236\u897f\u6b27\u7684\u5168\u7403\u6269\u5f20\u3002\u4f46\u6bd4\u8d77\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u8c6a\u65af\u970d\u5f17\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u6781\u4e3a\u6709\u9650\u3002\u4ed6\u4ec5\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u300a\u56fd\u9632\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u300b\uff081932\uff09\u7ecf\u7559\u5fb7\u5b66\u8005\u5468\u5149\u8fbe\u8bd1\u6210\u4e2d\u6587\uff0c\u4e8e1945\u5e74\u7531\u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u9986\u5728\u91cd\u5e86\u51fa\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5468\u5149\u8fbe\u8bd1\u8c6a\u58eb\u6d69\u534e\uff08\u8c6a\u65af\u970d\u5f17\uff09\u300a\u56fd\u9632\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5728\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u91cd\u5e86\u7531\u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u9986\u51fa\u7248 \u56fe\u6e90\uff1a\u201c\u6f8e\u6e43\u79c1\u5bb6\u5386\u53f2\u201d\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u8c6a\u65af\u970d\u5f17\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4f20\u64ad\u3001\u63a5\u53d7\u3001\u6f14\u53d8\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u6218\u524d\u540e\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u5b66\u754c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u53cd\u54cd\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u5728\u5f02\u5730\u751f\u6839\u53d1\u82bd\u3001\u8f6e\u56de\u8f6c\u4e16\u3002\u8c6a\u6c0f\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u5730\u7f18\u5b66\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u4e0a\u5173\u4e8e\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u867d\u672a\u4ee5\u5fb7\u6587\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u8f91\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u5374\u7ecf\u65e5\u672c\u5b66\u8005\u6458\u9009\uff0c\u6c47\u7f16\u540e\u7ffb\u8bd1\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u5b89\u4e0a\u4e86\u300a\u5927\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5730\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u300b\u8fd9\u4e00\u9887\u5177\u6df1\u610f\u7684\u4e66\u540d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5951\u673a\uff0c\u8c6a\u65af\u970d\u5f17\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e0d\u89c9\u5730\u4ecb\u5165\u4e86\u201c\u6cdb\u4e9a\u7ec6\u4e9a\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u8fa9\u8bba\uff0c\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u6ce2\u53ca\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e3b\u5f20\u201c\u4e1c\u4e9a\u534f\u540c\u201d\u7684\u6cdb\u4e9a\u7ec6\u4e9a\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u8721\u5c71\u653f\u9053\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5728\u662d\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u4f1a\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u3001\u519b\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8272\u5f69\u5341\u8db3\u7684\u5927\u4e9a\u7ec6\u4e9a\u4e3b\u4e49\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u9e7f\u5b50\u6728\u5458\u4fe1\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u5de6\u7ffc\u548c\u5e73\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5e73\u91ce\u4e49\u592a\u90ce\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u201c\u5730\u653f\u70ed\u201d\u50ac\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4ee3\u201c\u5927\u4e9a\u7ec6\u4e9a\u201d\u7814\u7a76\uff1a\u65c5\u884c\u5bb6\u677e\u5ddd\u4e8c\u90ce\u3001\u6ee1\u6d32\u4e13\u5bb6\u5ddd\u897f\u6b63\u9274\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c0f\u7267\u5b9e\u7e41\u90fd\u57281942\u5e74\u96c6\u4e2d\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4ee5\u5927\u4e9a\u7ec6\u4e9a\u5730\u653f\u5b66\u4e3a\u9898\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u5730\u7406\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5730\u653f\u201d\u754c\u5b9a\u4e0d\u6e05\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u53c8\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6cdb\u4e9a\u7ec6\u4e9a\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u6f6e\u4ea4\u6c47\uff0c\u5982\u4eac\u90fd\u5b66\u6d3e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ee3\u4eba\u7269\u4e09\u6728\u6e05\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u6d41\u5165\u5e7f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u5171\u8363\u5708\u201d\u8bba\u57df\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u5c0f\u7267\u5b9e\u7e41\u5728\u4eac\u90fd\u5927\u5b66\u5730\u7406\u7cfb\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u201c\u5730\u653f\u5b66\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u201d\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5438\u6536\u8c6a\u65af\u970d\u5f17\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4ece\u6c11\u65cf\u89c6\u89d2\u62b5\u5236\u7167\u642c\u5fb7\u56fd\u5730\u653f\u5b66\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u8c6a\u65af\u970d\u5f17\u63a5\u6536\u4e0e\u540c\u671f\u5728\u4eac\u90fd\u5927\u5b66\u6821\u56ed\u805a\u4f1a\u7684\u4eac\u90fd\u54f2\u5b66\u5b66\u6d3e\u540c\u65f6\u5171\u5b58\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u53cc\u4eac\u90fd\u5b66\u6d3e\u201d\u5e76\u884c\u3001\u5bf9\u6d41\u3001\u5bf9\u5cd9\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e24\u62e8\u4eba\u9a6c\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u519b\u653f\u5916\u4ea4\u6218\u7565\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5404\u6292\u5df1\u89c1\u3002\u6070\u503c1929\u5e74\uff0c\u4eac\u90fd\u5927\u5b66\u6821\u56ed\u6b63\u662f\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u4f1a\u8bae\u4f1a\u5740\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5730\u653f\u5b66\u4e89\u9e23\u66f4\u4e3a\u51f8\u663e\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u4eba\u7269\u5173\u7cfb\u9519\u7efc\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5f52\u7c7b\u603b\u5f52\u4e0d\u4e25\u8c28\u3002\u4f46\u7b3c\u7edf\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u201c\u8c6a\u65af\u970d\u5f17\u6d3e\u201d\u7684\u4eac\u90fd\u5b66\u8005\u4e0e\u5e1d\u56fd\u9646\u519b\u8f83\u4e3a\u4eb2\u8fd1\u3002\u800c\u5949\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u4e3a\u7cbe\u795e\u5bfc\u5e08\u7684\u4eac\u90fd\u4eba\u5219\u8d34\u8fd1\u65e5\u672c\u6d77\u519b\u3002\u4eac\u90fd\u5927\u5b66\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u65e7\u5f71\uff08\u4eac\u90fd\u5927\u5b66\u7167\u7247\u6863\u6848\uff09 \u56fe\u6e90\uff1a\u201c\u6f8e\u6e43\u79c1\u5bb6\u5386\u53f2\u201d\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f71941\u5e744\u6708\u65e5\u672c\u6d77\u519b\u8c03\u67e5\u8bfe\u667a\u5e93\u5408\u5f71\uff0c\u540e\u5217\u5de6\u8d77\u7b2c\u4e00\u5e94\u4e3a\u6c5f\u6cfd\u8ba9\u5c14\uff08\u85e4\u5ca1\u6cf0\u5468\u300e\u6d77\u8ecd\u5c11\u5c06\u9ad8\u6728\u60e3\u5409\u2015\u6d77\u8ecd\u7701\u8abf\u67fb\u8ab2\u3068\u6c11 \u9593\u4eba\u982d\u8133\u96c6\u56e3\u2015\u300f\u5149\u4eba\u793e\u30011986 \u5e74\u3001\u5dfb\u982d\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u6e90\uff1a\u201c\u6f8e\u6e43\u79c1\u5bb6\u5386\u53f2\u201d\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u65e9\u57281941\u5e74\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u201c\u65b0\u4e1c\u4e9a\u79e9\u5e8f\u201d\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u80af\u5c3c\u65af\u2027\u5bc7\u683c\u6d1b\u592b\uff08Kenneth W. Colegrove\uff09\u5373\u5df2\u55c5\u5230\uff1a\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u6b63\u915d\u917f\u7740\u4e00\u573a\u5730\u653f\u5b66\u5927\u7206\u53d1\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8c6a\u6c0f\u7684\u201c\u5370\u592a\u201d\u89c2\u5ff5\u53ea\u662f\u4f17\u8bf4\u7eb7\u7ead\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5bb6\u4e4b\u8a00\u3002\u5f88\u96be\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u8c6a\u65af\u970d\u5f17\u7684\u201c\u5370\u592a\u201d\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u7684\u5730\u653f\u5b66\uff0c\u6291\u6216\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u571f\u751f\u571f\u957f\u7684\u6cdb\u4e9a\u7ec6\u4e9a\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u201c\u672c\u571f\u6d3e\u201d\u548c\u201c\u501a\u6d0b\u6d3e\u201d\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u7248\u7684\u201c\u95e8\u7f57\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\uff08Monroe Doctrine\uff09\u8005\uff08\u4ed6\u4eec\u575a\u4fe1\u4e9a\u6d32\u4e0e\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u662f\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u5357\u7f8e\u201d\uff09\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u2014\u2014\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6216\u8bb8\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u601d\u6f6e\u6709\u610f\u6216\u65e0\u610f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6c47\u6d41\u3001\u53cd\u590d\u51b2\u5237\u7684\u5e73\u539f\u4e0a\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u201c\u5927\u4e9a\u7ec6\u4e9a\u201d\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u5408\u7406\u5316\u624d\u5982\u4e00\u5e7f\u53a6\u5d1b\u5730\u800c\u8d77\u3002\u4e24\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u8c6a\u65af\u970d\u5f17\u7684\u300a\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u5730\u653f\u5b66\u300b\u5df2\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u5b66\u754c\u6d41\u4f20\u3002\u4f461940\u5e74\uff0c\u6b64\u4e66\u65e5\u8bd1\u672c\uff08\u300a\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u5730\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\uff1a\u5730\u7406\u6b74\u53f2\u76f8\u4e92\u95dc\u4fc2\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff09\u5728\u4e1c\u4eac\u5370\u5237\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u7531\u65e5\u672c\u9752\u5e74\u5916\u4ea4\u534f\u4f1a\u7814\u7a76\u90e8\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002\u540c\u4e00\u73ed\u5e95\u4e5f\u7f16\u4e86\u4e00\u90e8\u300a\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u8bfb\u672c\u300b\uff08\u300a\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u8aad\u672c\u300b\uff0c1941\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u57281939\u5e74\u81f31944\u5e74\u95f4\u9646\u7eed\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5fb7\u56fd\u8457\u4f5c\uff1a\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u9752\u5e74\u56e2\u9886\u8896\u5e2d\u62c9\u8d6b\uff08Baldur von Schirach\uff09\u8457\u7684\u300a\u6559\u80b2\u4e4b\u9769\u547d\u300b\uff08Revolution der Erziehung. Reden aus den Jahren des Aufbaus, 1938\uff09\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5ba3\u4f20\u5458\u65bd\u7279\u83b1\u5f7b\uff08Helmut Stellrecht\uff09\u8457\u7684\u300a\u5fb7\u56fd\u9752\u5e74\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u6559\u80b2\u300b\uff08Die Wehrerziehung der deutschen Jugend, 1936\uff09\u548c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u7406\u67e5\u8328\uff08Hugo Richarz\uff09\u7684\u300a\u56fd\u9632\u7ecf\u6d4e\u300b\uff08Wehrhafte Wirtschaft, 1938\uff09\u3002\u9752\u5e74\u5916\u4ea4\u534f\u4f1a\u8fd8\u53d1\u884c\u4e86\u6c6a\u7cbe\u536b\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8bf8\u95ee\u9898\u53ca\u5176\u89e3\u51b3\u300b\uff081940\uff09\u3002\u4f50\u85e4\u5e84\u4e00\u90ce\u300a\u8c6a\u65af\u970d\u5f17\u7684\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u5730\u653f\u5b66\u89e3\u8bf4\u300b\uff0c\u662d\u548c19\u5e74\uff081944\uff09\u51fa\u7248 \u56fe\u6e90\uff1a\u201c\u6f8e\u6e43\u79c1\u5bb6\u5386\u53f2\u201d\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u4f46\u8c6a\u65af\u970d\u5f17\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u8303\u56f4\u4e4b\u5e7f\u3001\u70ed\u60c5\u4e4b\u9ad8\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5fb7\u56fd\u4f5c\u5bb6\u96be\u4ee5\u6bd4\u62df\u3002<\/p>\n

\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4ed6\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u9017\u7559\u8fc718\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4eba\u8109\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4f46\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u201c\u6d77\u6d0b\u653f\u6cbb\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u65e0\u7591\u89e6\u52a8\u4e86\u90a3\u4e9b\u5df2\u5728\u7ade\u76f8\u62a2\u593a\u5fb7\u56fd\u6700\u65b0\u8457\u4f5c\u3001\u8bd1\u4e4b\u800c\u540e\u5feb\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u4eec\u7684\u5174\u594b\u795e\u7ecf\u3002\u8bd1\u8005\u82e5\u4e95\u6797\u4e00\u57281942\u5e74\u5411\u65e5\u672c\u5b66\u754c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u8c6a\u65af\u970d\u5f17\u7684\u300a\u5927\u65e5\u672c\uff1a\u53cd\u601d\u5927\u65e5\u672c\u5708\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u672a\u6765\u300b\uff08Dai Nihon: Betrachtungen \u00fcber Gro\u00df-Japans Wehrkraft, Weltstellung und Zukunft, 1913\uff09\u548c\u300a\u514b\u670d\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u300b\uff08Raum\u00fcberwindende M\u00e4chte, 1934\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8c6a\u65af\u970d\u5f17\u53e6\u5199\u8fc7\u4e24\u90e8\u7814\u7a76\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u4e13\u8457\uff0c\u4e5f\u76f8\u7ee7\u51fa\u4e86\u65e5\u8bd1\u672c\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u300a\u65e5\u672c\u5efa\u7acb\u5176\u5e1d\u56fd\u300b\u4ec5\u5728\u5fb7\u6587\u539f\u8457\u51fa\u7248\u4e24\u5e74\u540e\u5373\u4ee5\u65e5\u6587\u9762\u4e16\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u901f\u5ea6\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u8c6a\u65af\u970d\u5f17\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u754c\u5728\u5174\u81f4\u52c3\u52c3\u5730\u63a8\u9500\u201c\u6d77\u653f\u5b66\u201d\u3001\u5982\u9965\u4f3c\u6e34\u5730\u5438\u6536\u7a7a\u95f4\u7406\u8bba\u65f6\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u7d27\u8feb\u611f\u548c\u7126\u8651\u611f\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u90e8\u4e13\u8457\u300a\u65e5\u672c\u300b\u7684\u65e5\u8bd1\u8005\u662f\u7535\u5f71\u6279\u8bc4\u5bb6\u3001\u7eb3\u7cb9\u6587\u5316\u5236\u5ea6\u5b66\u8005\u4f50\u4f50\u6728\u80fd\u7406\u7537\uff0c\u4e8e1943\u5e74\u7531\u8457\u540d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e66\u623f\u520a\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u5bb6\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u5728\u4e09\u5e74\u524d\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u300a\u6211\u7684\u594b\u6597\u300b\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u65e5\u8bd1\u672c\uff0c\u8bd1\u8005\u662f\u6cdb\u4e9a\u7ec6\u4e9a\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u5ba4\u4f0f\u9ad8\u4fe1\u3002\u5ba4\u4f0f\u9ad8\u4fe1\u7684\u6cdb\u4e9a\u7ec6\u4e9a\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u8c6a\u65af\u970d\u5f17\u7684\u201c\u5370\u592a\u201d\u613f\u666f\u4e0d\u5c3d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8c\u8005\u90fd\u9f13\u5439\u4e9a\u6d32\u653f\u6cbb\u96c4\u8d77\uff0c\u53cd\u5236\u82f1\u6cd5\u7b49\u8001\u724c\u6b96\u6c11\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8c6a\u65af\u970d\u5f17\u201c\u6d77\u653f\u5b66\u201d\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u8be0\u91ca\u8005\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u4f4d\u5c24\u5176\u503c\u5f97\u52d8\u78e8\u3002\u6b64\u524d\u63d0\u5230\u8c6a\u6c0f\u4e0e\u540c\u4e8b\u5965\u6258\u00b7\u6469\u5c14\uff08Otto Maull\uff09\u5408\u8457\u7684\u300a\u5730\u653f\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u300b\u7531\u8457\u540d\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u5bb6\u7389\u57ce\u8087\u4e8e1941\u5e74\u8bd1\u6210\u65e5\u6587\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u7389\u57ce\u8087\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u6587\u5316\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53f2\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u53f2\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u53f2\u5bb6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u540e\u4e16\u5b66\u8005\u5927\u591a\u4f4e\u4f30\u4ed6\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u70ed\u60c5\u3002\u4ed6\u66fe\u7cbe\u5fc3\u6311\u9009\u6d77\u5916\u8457\u4f5c\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6253\u5f00\u65e5\u672c\u56fd\u95e8\u7684\u4f69\u91cc\u5c06\u519b\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u9996\u4efb\u9a7b\u65e5\u516c\u4f7f\u6c64\u68ee\u00b7\u54c8\u91cc\u65af\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u672c\u6587\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba\u516c\u8c6a\u65af\u970d\u5f17\u6559\u6388\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u4e09\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u8c6a\u6c0f\u65e2\u672a\u53d1\u4e00\u67aa\u4e00\u70ae\uff0c\u4e5f\u672a\u9012\u4e00\u4efd\u56fd\u4e66\u516c\u6587\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u4ecb\u7a7a\u95f4\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u4f46\u6362\u4e00\u89d2\u5ea6\u89c6\u4e4b\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6d77\u653f\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0e\u4f69\u91cc\u3001\u54c8\u91cc\u65af\u5e76\u5217\uff0c\u5c82\u975e\u610f\u5473\u6df1\u957f\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8c6a\u65af\u970d\u5f17\u867d\u672a\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u65e5\u672c\u5916\u4ea4\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u95f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5ffd\u89c6\u30021943\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u7aaa\u4e95\u7fa9\u9053\uff081892-1949\uff09\u520a\u51fa\u4e86\u300a\u6d77\u6d0b\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u5f3a\u6743\u300b\u7684\u65e5\u8bd1\u672c\u3002\u7aaa\u4e95\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u53d7\u8fc7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u8fde\u4efb\u56db\u5c4a\u4f17\u8bae\u9662\u8bae\u5458\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u52a0\u76df\u5188\u7530\u542f\u4ecb\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\u7684\u5188\u7530\u5185\u9601\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u6d77\u519b\u987e\u95ee\u3002\u4ed6\u66fe\u7ed3\u793e\u9f13\u5439\u65e5\u672c\u5e94\u52a0\u5927\u529b\u5ea6\u5728\u9ec4\u6d77\u6355\u9c7c\u3002\u5176\u5728\u6d77\u6d0b\u519b\u4e8b\u548c\u201c\u6d77\u6d0b\u6cbb\u7406\u201d\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\u7ecf\u5386\u90fd\u4e0e\u8c6a\u65af\u970d\u5f17\u6d77\u6d0b\u5730\u653f\u5b66\u4e2d\u201c\u6d77\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5730\u201d\u7684\u4e3b\u65e8\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u8bd1\u8005\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u8bd1\u8457\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u8bd1\u8457\u201c\u9009\u62e9\u201d\u4e86\u8bd1\u8005\uff0c\u90fd\u610f\u4e49\u6df1\u8fdc\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f4d\u201c\u4e24\u6816\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u8005\u201d\uff0c\u7aaa\u4e95\u4e4b\u540e\u88ab\u9009\u5165\u94c3\u6728\u8d2f\u592a\u90ce\u5185\u9601\uff0c\u5b98\u81f3\u5185\u52a1\u653f\u52a1\u6b21\u5b98\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u53c8\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u968f\u677e\u5188\u6d0b\u53f3\u51fa\u8bbf\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u5de9\u56fa\u65e5\u672c\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u3001\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u540c\u76df\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u8c6a\u65af\u970d\u5f17\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5f71\u54cd\u65f6\uff0c\u53f2\u6599\u8bc1\u636e\u9c9c\u6709\u786e\u51ff\u8005\uff0c\u7136\u6b64\u7c7b\u95f4\u63a5\u7ebf\u7d22\u4ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u5bdf\u3002\u5728\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\u7684\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u8c6a\u65af\u970d\u5f17\u5730\u653f\u5b66\u3001\u6d77\u653f\u5b66\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u6587\u7ae0\u3001\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bba\u6587\u548c\u4e66\u7c4d\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u4ecd\u7136\u7edc\u7ece\u4e0d\u7edd\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5982\u4eca\u3002\u300a\u5927\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5730\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u300b\uff0c\u77f3\u5c9b\u8363\u3001\u6728\u6751\u592a\u90ce\u8bd1\uff0c\u6295\u8d44\u7ecf\u6d4e\u793e\u662d\u548c16\u5e74\uff081941\u5e74\uff09 \u56fe\u6e90\uff1a\u201c\u6f8e\u6e43\u79c1\u5bb6\u5386\u53f2\u201d\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u8c6a\u65af\u970d\u5f17\u7684\u5e7d\u7075\u4ecd\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u4e0a\u7a7a\u98d8\u8361\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\uff0c\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u4f8b\u8bc1\u4e0d\u662f\u679a\u4e3e\u8270\u6da9\u751f\u50fb\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8003\u5bdf\u6f2b\u753b\u96c6\u300a\u94a2\u4e4b\u70bc\u91d1\u672f\u5e08\u300b\u4e2d\u8c6a\u65af\u970d\u5f17\u7684\u5fae\u5999\u5f62\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b63\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u96c6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u89d2\u827e\u745e\u514b\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u5f1f\u5f1f\u4ece\u7075\u9b42\u9644\u7740\u7684\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u6062\u590d\u4eba\u5f62\uff0c\u6bc5\u7136\u81ea\u6211\u727a\u7272\uff0c\u7a7f\u8d8a\u5230\u4e861921\u5e74\u7684\u6155\u5c3c\u9ed1\u3002\u5728\u9b4f\u739b\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u5927\u8857\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u51af\u00b7\u970d\u6069\u6d77\u59c6\uff08van Hohenheim\uff09\u8def\u8fc7\u6c34\u679c\u644a\uff0c\u62b1\u6028\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u4e0b\u4e00\u9897\u82f9\u679c\u5df2\u6da8\u5230\u4e8612\u7eb8\u9a6c\u514b\u3002\u4ed6\u8f6c\u8fc7\u5934\u6765\uff0c\u4e0e\u201c\u8c6a\u65af\u970d\u5f17\u6559\u6388\u201d\u8c08\u8bba\u8d77\u4e86\u56fe\u52d2\u534f\u4f1a\uff08Thule-Gesellschaft\uff0c\u53c8\u8bd1\u201c\u6781\u5317\u4e4b\u5730\u201d\uff09\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u3002\u56de\u5230\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u770b\u5230\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u6b63\u5728\u6253\u70b9\u884c\u88c5\uff0c\u968f\u8eab\u643a\u5e26\u4e00\u90e8\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u6208\u8fbe\u5fb7\uff08Robert Goddard\uff09\u7684\u300a\u5230\u8fbe\u8d85\u9ad8\u7a7a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b\uff08A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes, 1919\uff09\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u4e58\u706b\u8f66\u8d74\u7279\u5170\u897f\u74e6\u5c3c\u4e9a\uff0c\u5411\u8d6b\u5c14\u66fc\u00b7\u5965\u4f2f\u7279\uff08Hermann Oberth\uff09\u5b66\u4e60\u706b\u7bad\u79d1\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n

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