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Revolt\uff09\u201d\u3002[6]\u5370\u5ea6\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u6297\u8bae\u3002\u56fe\u6e90\uff1anytimes.com\u4e8c\u662f\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5728\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u901a\u8fc7\u8206\u8bba\u5236\u9020\u548c\u8bae\u9898\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f71\u54cd\u653f\u6cbb\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u6070\u6070\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u73b0\u6709\u6c11\u4e3b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6216\u6c11\u4e3b\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u4e0e\u6279\u8bc4\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 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1.05em;\">\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u805a\u7126\u793e\u4f1a\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5927\u5546\u4e1a\u8d44\u672c\u4e0e\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u8fc7\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u5e02\u573a\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u4ece\u5e7f\u5927\u4e2d\u4ea7\u7fa4\u4f53\u878d\u8d44\u83b7\u5f97\u652f\u6301\u6539\u9769\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4e5f\u5728\u524d\u8005\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u7d2f\u79ef\u4e2d\u5206\u5f97\u6536\u76ca\u3002[11] 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Gisborne\uff09\u6240\u7528\u6765\u6307\u6d89\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c45\u4e8e\u5927\u5730\u4e3b\u548c\u57ce\u5e02\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u3001\u519c\u4e1a\u5de5\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u9636\u5c42\uff0c[13]\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u6307\u6d89\u8303\u56f4\u6db5\u76d6\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u767d\u9886\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u9636\u5c42\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u6279\u8bc4\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e2d\u4ea7\u7684\u6307\u6d89\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u677e\u6563\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7c7b\u522b\uff0c\u5176\u6982\u5ff5\u6709\u6548\u6027\u4e5f\u9887\u53d7\u6000\u7591\uff0c[14] \u4f46\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edd\u5bf9\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 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style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">[16] \u6839\u636e\u9ea6\u80af\u9521\u5168\u7403\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u4e2d\u7b49\u6536\u5165\u9636\u5c42\u662f\u6307\u5bb6\u5ead\u5b9e\u9645\u5e74\u53ef\u652f\u914d\u6536\u5165\u572820\u4e07\u5370\u5ea6\u5362\u6bd4\u5230100\u4e07\u5370\u5ea6\u5362\u6bd4\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002[17] \u76ae\u5c24\u7814\u7a76\u57282015\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u8c03\u67e5\u4e2d\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5bb6\u5ead\u65e5\u5747\u6536\u5165\u572810~20\u7f8e\u91d1\uff08\u6216800~1600\u5362\u6bd4\uff09\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u53ea\u6709\u7ea62%\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u4e2d\u4ea7\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u800c80%\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002[18] \u5370\u5ea6\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u957f\u897f\u5854\u62c9\u66fc\uff08Nirmala Sitaraman\uff09\u5c06\u5370\u5ea6\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u5e74\u6536\u5165\u5728\u8d2b\u56f0\u7ebf\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4f46\u4f4e\u4e8e180\u4e07\u5362\u6bd4\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002[19] \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u57282001~2011\u7684\u5341\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u8d2b\u56f0\u7387\u4ece35%\u964d\u4f4e\u81f321%\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e2d\u4ea7\u53ea\u589e\u957f\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u767e\u5206\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u540c\u671f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e2d\u4ea7\u7684\u589e\u957f\u7387\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u516d\u500d\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">[20] \u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u5927\u91cf\u8131\u8d2b\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u4ecd\u5f98\u5f8a\u5728\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u9636\u5c42\uff0c\u800c\u5e76\u975e\u5728\u4e25\u683c\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8fc8\u5165\u4e86\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u884c\u5217\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u503e\u5411\u9009\u53d6\u4eba\u5747\u5355\u65e5\u6536\u5165\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5212\u5206\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5361\u62c9\u65af\uff08Homi Kharas\uff09\u91c7\u53d6\u8461\u8404\u7259\u548c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u8d2b\u56f0\u7ebf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e0b\u9650\uff0c\u800c\u5c06\u5362\u68ee\u5821\u6536\u5165\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u7684\u4e24\u500d\u6c34\u5e73\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e0a\u9650\uff0c\u4ee52005\u5e74\u8d2d\u4e70\u529b\u5e73\u4ef7\u4e3a\u53c2\u7167\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u65b0\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4eba\u5747\u65e5\u6536\u5165\u572810\u7f8e\u5143\u81f3100\u7f8e\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002[21] 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Banerjee\uff09\u548c\u8fea\u5f17\u6d1b\uff08Esther Duflo\uff09\u7b49\u5b66\u8005\u5c06\u4e2a\u4eba\u65e5\u5747\u652f\u51fa\u57282\u7f8e\u5143\u81f310\u7f8e\u5143\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u4ea7\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff08\u4ee51993\u5e74\u8d2d\u4e70\u529b\u5e73\u4ef7\u8ba1\u7b97\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u65f62\u7f8e\u5143\u81f34\u7f8e\u5143\u6d88\u8d39\u6807\u51c6\u4e3a\u4e0b\u5c42\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c6\u7f8e\u5143\u81f310\u7f8e\u5143\u4e3a\u4e2d\u4e0a\u9636\u7ea7\u6807\u51c6\u3002[23] \u6309\u7167\u8be5\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5370\u5ea62005\u5e74\u81f32012\u5e74\u8fd9\u4e03\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7fa4\u4f53\u5360\u6bd4\u4ece30%\u4e0a\u6da8\u81f3\u8d85\u8fc750%\uff0c\u4f53\u91cf\u4ece3\u4ebf\u4eba\u6da8\u81f36\u4ebf\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4ece1.54\u4ebf\u4e0a\u6da8\u81f32.49\u4ebf\u4eba\uff0c\u6da8\u5e45\u4f4e\u4e8e\u519c\u6751\u65b0\u4e2d\u4ea7\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">[24] 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style=\"margin:0 0 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Kahneman\uff09\u548c\u963f\u83ab\u65af\u00b7\u7279\u6c83\u65af\u57fa\uff08Amos Tversky\uff09\u4e8e 1979 \u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u524d\u666f\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u4e3b\u8981\u63cf\u8ff0\u4eba\u4eec\u9762\u5bf9\u98ce\u9669\u548c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u65f6\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u51fa\u51b3\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">[28] 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Thaler\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u56e0\u5931\u53bb100\u7f8e\u5143\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u60c5\u7eea\u8fdc\u8fdc\u9ad8\u4e8e\u83b7\u5f97100\u7f8e\u5143\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6b63\u5411\u611f\u53d7\u3002[30] \u8fd9\u79cd\u504f\u89c1\u5f80\u5f80\u5bfc\u81f4\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u505a\u4e00\u9879\u51b3\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e0a\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u635f\u5931\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5bfb\u6c42\u6536\u76ca\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u635f\u5931\u538c\u6076\u8fd8\u88ab\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7ec6\u5206\u4e3a\u4ef7\u503c\u635f\u5931\u538c\u6076\uff08Valence Loss Aversion\uff0cVLA\uff09\u548c\u5360\u6709\u635f\u5931\u538c\u6076\uff08Possession Loss Aversion\uff0cPLA\uff09\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u4e3b\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e2a\u4f53\u5bf9\u8d1f\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u6bd4\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u66f4\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u5373\u4e3b\u89c2\u60c5\u611f\u4e0a\u538c\u6076\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0d\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff1b\u800c\u540e\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e2a\u4f53\u5bf9\u5df2\u7ecf\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u66f4\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u5931\u53bb\u5df2\u7ecf\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u6bd4\u83b7\u5f97\u65b0\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u66f4\u52a0\u654f\u611f\u3002\u540e\u8005\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u5df2\u7ecf\u5360\u6709\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u4f30\u503c\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u538c\u6076\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u4f30\u503c\u66f4\u4f4e\u3002[31] \u5e03\u4f26\u7eb3\uff08L. Brenner\uff09\u7b49\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7ec6\u5316\u4e86\u635f\u5931\u538c\u6076\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u4ef7\u503c\u635f\u5931\u538c\u6076\u5728\u4e00\u5207\u4e0d\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d8\u5316\u4e2d\u62e5\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u800c\u5360\u6709\u635f\u5931\u538c\u6076\u5219\u5728\u4e2a\u4f53\uff08\u5df2\u62e5\u6709\u7684\uff09\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u79bb\u5f00\uff08leaving\uff09\u9020\u6210\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\u4e2d\u5360\u636e\u7740\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">[32] \u585e\u52d2\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8fd8\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc3\u7406\u8d26\u6237\uff08mental accounting\uff09\uff0c\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u6216\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5728\u5fc3\u91cc\u9ed8\u9ed8\u8bb0\u8d26\u3002\u635f\u5931\u538c\u6076\u3002\u56fe\u6e90\uff1amedium.com\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u5b66\u8005\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u501f\u7528\u8be5\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u9009\u4e3e\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u9009\u6c11\u5bf9\u4e8e\u653f\u515a\u7eb2\u9886\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u6d1b\u514b\u4f0d\u5fb7\uff08Ben Lockwood\uff09\u548c\u6d1b\u57fa\uff08James Rockey\uff09\u57fa\u4e8e\u5510\u65af\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u4ee3\u8bae\u5236\u6c11\u9009\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u635f\u5931\u538c\u6076\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u9009\u4e3e\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u9009\u6c11\u66f4\u591a\u662f\u635f\u5931\u538c\u6076\u578b\u7684\uff0c\u6b64\u7c7b\u9009\u6c11\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7279\u70b9\u5c31\u662f\u4ee5\u73b0\u72b6\uff08status quo\uff09\u4e3a\u53c2\u7167\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u5bf9\u653f\u7eb2\uff08Policy 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Scandal\uff09\u8f93\u63891989\u5e74\u7684\u5927\u9009\u3002\u62c9\u5965\u653f\u5e9c\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u8d8b\u52bf\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u4e8e1991\u5e74\u52a0\u901f\u63a8\u8fdb\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u6fc0\u6d3b\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f97\u4ee5\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5df2\u9010\u6b65\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u65b0\u201d\u4e2d\u4ea7\u8eab\u4efd\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u89c4\u6a21\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u79c1\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u5458\u5de5\u3001\u767d\u9886\u9636\u5c42\u3001\u4e2a\u4f53\u5546\u4e1a\u4e3b\u8fdb\u5165\u4e2d\u4ea7\u884c\u5217\uff0c\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6307\u6807\u8861\u91cf\uff0c\u65b0\u4e2d\u4ea7\u4e5f\u4e0d\u518d\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u653f\u5e9c\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u516c\u5171\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u4ece\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u3002\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u201c\u65b0\u664b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u201d\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u53d9\u4e8b\u5c3d\u7ba1\u81ea\u7ecf\u6d4e\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\uff08\u65b0\u3001\u65e7\uff09\u7fa4\u4f53\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u589e\u5e45\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5370\u5ea6\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u515a\u548c\u5a92\u4f53\u53d9\u4e8b\u4e2d\u6240\u5ba3\u4f20\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u5e9e\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<p 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1.05em;\">\u6570\u91cf\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u4e2d\u4e0b\u5c42\u7fa4\u4f53\u53d7\u60e0\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u671f\u5f85\uff0c\u5bf9\u653f\u515a\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u8bc9\u6c42\uff0c\u53c2\u653f\u8bae\u653f\u7684\u610f\u613f\u5f3a\u70c8\u30022012 \u5e74 12 \u6708\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u6c11\u515a\u5728\u53e4\u5409\u62c9\u7279\u90a6\u7acb\u6cd5\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u524d\u9996\u6b21\u5c06\u201c\u65b0\u664b\u4e2d\u4ea7\uff08Neo-middle class\uff09\u201d\u5199\u5165\u653f\u515a\u5ba3\u8a00\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u201c\u7531\u4e8e\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u98de\u8dc3\u53d1\u5c55\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u4eba\u201d\u3002[46] 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2024\u5e74\u5927\u9009\u5370\u4eba\u515a\u653f\u515a\u5ba3\u8a00\u4e2d\u518d\u6b21\u5355\u5217\u4e00\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u540d\u4e3a \u201c\u4e3a\u65b0\u664b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u8d4b\u6743\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb10 \u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5168\u4f53\u516c\u6c11\u6536\u5165\u7684\u7a33\u6b65\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5bb6\u5ead\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u65b0\u664b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u884c\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u201d[51] 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style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">[52] \u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u8001\u4e2d\u4ea7\uff08\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e2d\u4ea7\uff09\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u6539\u9769\u540e\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u65b0\u4e2d\u4ea7\u5b58\u5728\u5ef6\u7eed\u6216\u91cd\u53e0\uff0c\u4f46\u65b0\u664b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u7fa4\u4f53\u5219\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u524d\u4e24\u8005\u6307\u6d89\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u83ab\u8fea2012\u5e74\u8d77\u523b\u610f\u5212\u5206\u7684\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u65b0\u664b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u7684\u663e\u8457\u7279\u70b9\u4e3a\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3001\u6297\u98ce\u9669\u80fd\u529b\u5f31\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9762\u4e34\u968f\u65f6\u8dcc\u843d\u56de\u8d2b\u56f0\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u201c\u65b0\u664b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u201d\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u6c11\u515a\u4e3a\u6de1\u5316\u5176\u9ad8\u79cd\u59d3\u653f\u515a\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8de8\u79cd\u59d3\u3001\u8de8\u65cf\u7fa4\u4ee5\u5438\u7eb3\u4e2d\u4e0b\u5c42\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u6cbb\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">20\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u8d77\uff0c\u4e00\u4f17\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u515a\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u5176\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4ece\u5c5e\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u8bc9\u6c42\u6210\u4e3a\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u754c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8bae\u9898\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4f4e\u79cd\u59d3\u7fa4\u4f53\u53ca\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7fa4\u4f53\u6108\u53d1\u53d7\u5230\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u6267\u653f\u8054\u76df\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u66fc\u8fbe\u5c14\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u62a5\u544a\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u4fdd\u7559\u989d\u5ea6\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u8054\u90a6\u548c\u7701\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3a\u8868\u5217\u79cd\u59d3\u3001\u8868\u5217\u90e8\u843d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u843d\u540e\u9636\u5c42\u7fa4\u4f53\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u516c\u5171\u5c31\u4e1a\u5c97\u4f4d\u7684\u5e2d\u4f4d\u9884\u7559\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u5730\u6fc0\u52b1\u4e86\u4e00\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u8fc8\u5165\u4e0b\u5c42\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u884c\u5217\uff0c[53] 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class\uff09\u201d\u7b49\u8bcd\u6c47\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u610f\u5c06\u8be5\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e0e\u5e95\u5c42\u7a77\u4eba\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u6765\uff0c\u8fce\u5408\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u671f\u5f85\u3002\u201c\u8fdb\u53d6\u4e2d\u4ea7\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u65e5\u76ca\u6d41\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u56fe\u6e90\uff1ayoutube.com\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5df2\u57fa\u672c\u5398\u6e05\u4ece\u65e7\u4e2d\u4ea7\u3001\u65b0\u4e2d\u4ea7\u5230\u65b0\u664b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u7b49\u56f4\u7ed5\u201c\u4e2d\u4ea7\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u672f\u8bed\u53ca\u5176\u6307\u6d89\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u9009\u4e3e\u653f\u6cbb\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u5404\u653f\u515a\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u6743\u529b\u7248\u56fe\uff0c\u5219\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5927\u81f4\u5360\u6bd4\u4ee5\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u610f\u613f\u3002\u4e0a\u6587\u5df2\u63d0\u5230\u81ea\u5370\u5ea6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5e7f\u4e49\u4e2d\u4ea7\u6982\u5ff5\u5916\u5ef6\u7684\u6269\u5927\u4e0b\u589e\u901f\u6700\u5feb\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u662f\u4e2d\u4e0b\u5c42\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u5373\u8de8\u8fc7\u8d2b\u56f0\u7ebf\u8d70\u51fa\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u6c11\u4f17\uff0c[56] 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\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u516c\u5171\u90e8\u95e8\u6216\u6b63\u5f0f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u4e2d\u4efb\u804c\u7684\u65b0\u3001\u65e7\u4e2d\u4ea7\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u8be5\u7fa4\u4f53\u5728\u6536\u5165\u4e0a\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\u4ece\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u79cd\u59d3\u5212\u5206\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6ca1\u6709\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a\u5176\u4ed6\u843d\u540e\u9636\u5c42\uff08Other Backward Class, OBC\uff09\u7fa4\u4f53\u5360\u65b0\u664b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7efc\u5408OBC\u7fa4\u4f53\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u6570\u91cf[59]\u4ee5\u53ca\u5927\u91cfOBC\u7fa4\u4f53\u4ece\u519c\u6751\u5411\u57ce\u5e02\u8f6c\u79fb\u4e14\u6536\u5165\u6c34\u5e73\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u957f\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u65ad\u8be5\u7fa4\u4f53\u662f\u65b0\u664b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u4e2d\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4ece\u5355\u4e2a\u7701\u90a6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u53e4\u5409\u62c9\u7279\u90a6\u8fd120\u5e74\u6765\u7ecf\u6d4e\u98de\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0cOBC\u7fa4\u4f53\u4ece\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u5411\u5de5\u5382\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u548c\u975e\u6b63\u89c4\u90e8\u95e8\u7b49\u66f4\u52a0\u57ce\u5e02\u5316\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u8fc7\u6e21\uff0c\u5728\u65b0\u664b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u4e2d\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5feb\u901f\u589e\u957f\uff1b<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">[60] 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2021\u5e74OBC\u4eba\u53e3\u5360\u5168\u56fd\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e3a42%\uff08\u7ea65.9\u4ebf\uff09\uff0c[63]\u9664\u53bb1.6\u4ebf\u4eba\u4ecd\u5904\u4e8e\u591a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u8d2b\u56f0\uff0c[64] 4.3\u4ebf\u4eba\u5df2\u8131\u79bb\u8d2b\u56f0\u3002\u4e0a\u6587\u7c97\u7565\u4f30\u7b97\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u65b0\u664b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u4eba\u6570\u7ea64\u4ebf\u4eba\uff0c\u518d\u8003\u8651\u5230OBC\u4e0e\u65b0\u664b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u5212\u5206\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u6807\u51c6\u53ca\u6240\u5904\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u65b0\u664b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u4e0eOBC\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e8c\u8005\u6709\u8f83\u5927\u91cd\u5408\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"margin:1.8em 0 .75em;padding-left:12px;border-left:4px solid #2f5d9f;font-size:1.18em;line-height:1.55;font-weight:700;color:#14213d;\">\u56db\u3001\u65b0\u664b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u635f\u5931\u538c\u6076\u4e0e\u653f\u515a\u56de\u5e94<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 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\u9996\u5148\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\uff0c\u5370\u4eba\u515a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efb\u671f\u7740\u91cd\u5c55\u73b0\u7684\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u591a\u6570\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5f3a\u786c\u59ff\u6001\uff0c\u5c06\u6743\u529b\u6536\u5f52\u8054\u90a6\u4e2d\u592e\uff0c\u538b\u7f29\u5730\u65b9\u90a6\u7684\u6743\u529b\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1b<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">[76] 2017~2018 \u5e74\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u90a6\u9009\u4e3e\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u73b0\u4e0e\u4ee5\u5f80\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ade\u9009\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4ece\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u53d1\u5c55\u201d\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\u8f6c\u5411\u201c\u83ab\u8fea\u5f0f\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\uff08Moditva\uff09\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u540e\u8005\u540c\u6837\u5305\u542b\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u663e\u7136\u88ab\u8fb9\u7f18\u5316\u4e86\u3002[77] \u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5370\u4eba\u515a\u653f\u5e9c\u9752\u7750\u5927\u8d44\u672c\u5e26\u52a8\u589e\u957f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u4f01\u56fe\u590d\u5236\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u53e4\u5409\u62c9\u7279\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\u4e2d\u4eb2\u5546\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4eb2\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u591a\u9879\u6539\u9769\uff0c[78] \u4f8b\u5982\u5e9f\u949e\u4ee4\u548c\u5546\u54c1\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u7a0e\uff08GST\uff09\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u7ed9\u65b0\u664b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u5e26\u6765\u6781\u5927\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u5c31\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\u7684\u635f\u5931\u30022017 \u5e74 7 \u6708\u81f3 2018 \u5e74 6 \u6708\u95f4\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u6574\u4f53\u5931\u4e1a\u7387\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86 6.1%\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd145\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u503c\uff0c[79] \u800c\u8fd9\u8fd8\u4ec5\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u7edf\u8ba1\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u5370\u5ea6\u5c31\u4e1a\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d\uff0c\u63a5\u8fd192.4%\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5c5e\u4e8e\u975e\u6b63\u89c4\u5c31\u4e1a\uff0c\u800c\u5373\u4fbf\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u90e8\u95e8\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709 9.8%\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u5c5e\u975e\u6b63\u89c4\u5c31\u4e1a\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u5de5\u4f5c\u5916\u5305\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002[80] \u4e0a\u6587\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u65b0\u664b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7c7b\u578b\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5206\u5e03\u4e8e\u5efa\u7b51\u3001\u8857\u5934\u5546\u8d29\u3001\u9910\u5385\u7b49\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u884c\u4e1a\uff0c\u800c\u83ab\u8fea\u4eb2\u5546\u5f0f\u7684\u201c\u5931\u4e1a\u5f0f\u589e\u957f\uff08jobless growth\uff09\u201d[81]\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e25\u9177\u7684\u5265\u593a\u3002\u603b\u7684\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u83ab\u8fea\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efb\u671f\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u653f\u7b56\u5b9e\u9645\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u653f\u6cbb\u6218\u7565\uff0c\u4ee5\u727a\u7272\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u4e2d\u77ed\u671f\u6210\u6548\u6765\u8c0b\u6c42\u5efa\u7acb\u653f\u6cbb\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u6c11\u515a\u5728\u672a\u6765\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u9738\u6743\u5730\u4f4d\u3002[82] \u4f46\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u5e9e\u5927\u65b0\u664b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u7fa4\u4f53\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u635f\u5931\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">2019\u5e74\u5927\u9009\u524d\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u5370\u4eba\u515a\u4e22\u6389\u4e86\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5176\u4f20\u7edf\u4f18\u52bf\u201c\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u5e26\u201d\u4e0a\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u90a6\u3001\u62c9\u8d3e\u65af\u5766\u90a6\u548c\u6070\u8482\u65af\u683c\u5c14\u90a6\uff08\u89c1\u88681\uff09\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a2019\u5e74\u5927\u9009\u7684\u98ce\u5411\u6807\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u751a\u81f3\u4e00\u5ea6\u5f15\u53d1\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u53ca\u5176\u8054\u76df\u5377\u571f\u91cd\u6765\u7684\u9ad8\u9884\u671f\u3002\u7b14\u8005\u6839\u636e\u5370\u5ea6\u9009\u4e3e\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7f51\u7ad9\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/eci.gov.in\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/eci.gov.in\/<\/a>\uff09\u8d44\u6599\u6574\u7406\u3002\u56fe\u6e90\uff1a\u201d\u5357\u4e9a\u89c2\u5bdf\u201d\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u83ab\u8fea\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efb\u671f\u5185\u7684\u5404\u9879\u653f\u7b56\u5e76\u672a\u5207\u5b9e\u60e0\u53ca\u65b0\u664b\u4e2d\u4ea7\uff08\u4e2d\u4e0b\u5c42\uff09\u548c\u5e95\u5c42\u8d2b\u56f0\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u73b0\u8c61\u5728\u4eb2\u5546\u4e1a\u5927\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u52a8\u5411\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u52a0\u5267\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5386\u7ecf2018\u5e74\u591a\u90a6\u9009\u4e3e\u5931\u8d25\u540e\uff0c\u5370\u4eba\u515a\u5f00\u59cb\u6025\u5207\u8c03\u6574\u9009\u4e3e\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5c06\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e0e\u798f\u5229\u4e3b\u4e49\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5f3a\u5316\u83ab\u8fea\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ade\u9009\u91cd\u70b9\uff0c\u5f31\u5316\u6c11\u4f17\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6cbb\u7406\u7b49\u4f20\u7edf\u5173\u5207\uff0c[83] \u5f3a\u5316\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u5a01\u80c1\u7b49\u6d89\u53ca\u751f\u6b7b\u5b58\u4ea1\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u5370\u5df4\u8fb9\u754c\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u6307\u6325\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u201c\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u672f\u5f0f\u6253\u51fb\u201d\uff08surgical strikes\uff09\u8c03\u52a8\u56fd\u5185\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u60c5\u7eea\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u9700\u60e0\u53ca\u7a77\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u968f\u4e4b\u63a8\u51fa\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u57fa\u4e8e\u8c61\u5f81\u610f\u4e49\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u6e90\u518d\u5206\u914d\u7684\u798f\u5229\u6218\u7565\uff0c[84]\u4e8c\u8005\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u6c11\u7cb9\u5f0f\u798f\u5229\u52a8\u5458\u662f\u5370\u4eba\u515a\u80fd\u518d\u6b21\u53d6\u5f972019\u5e74\u5927\u9009\u80dc\u5229\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u83ab\u8fea\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4efb\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u6c11\u7cb9\u5f0f\u798f\u5229\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7ade\u9009\u601d\u8def\u5f97\u4ee5\u5ef6\u7eed\uff0c\u5176\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5bf9\u4ee5\u65b0\u664b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u4e2d\u4e0b\u5c42\u6c11\u4f17\u635f\u5931\u538c\u6076\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u548c\u8865\u6551\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u5c24\u5176\u57282020\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u65b0\u51a0\u75ab\u60c5\u66b4\u53d1\u540e\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5370\u4eba\u515a\u6267\u653f\u7684\u8054\u90a6\u4e2d\u592e\u8fd8\u662f\u5404\u5730\u65b9\u6267\u653f\u515a\u90fd\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u6297\u98ce\u9669\u80fd\u529b\u6781\u5f31\u7684\u4e2d\u4e0b\u9636\u5c42\u53d7\u75ab\u60c5\u51b2\u51fb\u6700\u5927\uff0c\u7eb7\u7eb7\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u5730\u52a0\u5927\u798f\u5229\u652f\u51fa\uff0c\u51cf\u5f31\u8be5\u5e9e\u5927\u4eba\u7fa4\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u635f\u5931\u611f\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u5b9e\u9645\u57282017-18\u8d22\u5e74\u5c31\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u76f4\u63a5\u798f\u5229\u8f6c\u79fb\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08Direct Benefit Transfer System\uff09\u201d\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u798f\u5229\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\u3001\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u73b0\u91d1\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u521d\u59cb\u9636\u6bb5\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u548c\u8f6c\u79fb\u6548\u679c\u5e76\u672a\u663e\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u652f\u51fa\u8d8b\u52bf\u5728\u6301\u7eed\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u57282020-21\u8d22\u5e74\u76f4\u63a5\u73b0\u91d1\u8f6c\u79fb\u8fbe\u5230\u4e862.9\u4e07\u4ebf\u5362\u6bd4\uff08\u89c1\u4e0b\u56fe\uff09\u3002\u4ece\u7701\u90a6\u5206\u5e03\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5317\u65b9\u201c\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u5e26\u201d\u7684\u54c8\u91cc\u4e9a\u7eb3\u90a6\u3001\u5317\u65b9\u90a6\u3001\u4e2d\u592e\u90a6\u3001\u6bd4\u54c8\u5c14\u90a6\u7b49\u90fd\u662f\u73b0\u91d1\u798f\u5229\u652f\u51fa\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u5370\u5ea6\u201c\u76f4\u63a5\u798f\u5229\u8f6c\u79fb\u201d\uff08DBT\uff09\u5404\u8d22\u5e74\u652f\u51fa\u91d1\u989d\u4e0e\u9879\u76ee\u6570\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u6839\u636e\u5370\u5ea6\u519c\u4e1a\u548c\u519c\u6c11\u798f\u5229\u90e8\u7f51\u7ad9\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/dbtbharat.gov.in\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/dbtbharat.gov.in\/<\/a>\uff09\u8d44\u6599\u6574\u7406\u3002\u56fe\u6e90\uff1a\u201d\u5357\u4e9a\u89c2\u5bdf\u201d\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u5018\u82e5\u805a\u71262023\u5e74\u4e2d\u592e\u90a6\u3001\u62c9\u8d3e\u65af\u5766\u90a6\u548c\u6070\u8482\u65af\u683c\u5c14\u90a6\u4e09\u90a6\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd42018\u5e74\u4e0e\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u5370\u4eba\u515a\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u5728\u5927\u9009\u524d\u7684\u201c\u534a\u51b3\u8d5b\u201d\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u538b\u5012\u6027\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u4e0a\u6587\u8bba\u8ff0\u5df2\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u5370\u4eba\u515a\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4efb\u671f\u52a0\u5927\u4e86\u798f\u5229\u652f\u51fa\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u89e3\u91ca\u5176\u57282023\u5e74\u4e09\u90a6\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u7684\u4f18\u5f02\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5728\u4e09\u4e2a\u90a6\u7acb\u6cd5\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u524d\uff0c\u666e\u904d\u9884\u6d4b\u5370\u4eba\u515a\u548c\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u5c06\u5c55\u5f00\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u89d2\u9010\uff0c\u9009\u4e3e\u524d\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u4e5f\u5448\u73b0\u4e24\u515a\u52bf\u5747\u529b\u654c\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">[85] \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9009\u4e3e\u7ed3\u679c\u51fa\u7089\u540e\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u5bb6\u4eec\u5728\u9610\u91ca\u5370\u4eba\u515a\u538b\u5012\u6027\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u8868\u73b0\u65f6\u90fd\u5448\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u4e3a\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u5370\u4eba\u515a\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u7684\u798f\u5229\u652f\u51fa\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e86\u5bf9OBC\u7b49\u4e2d\u4e0b\u5c42\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u548c\u6295\u5165\u4ee5\u53ca\u6709\u6548\u52a8\u5458\u4e86\u5bf9\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u66f4\u4e3a\u654f\u611f\u7684\u5973\u6027\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0e2018\u5e74\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5370\u4eba\u515a\u5728\u4e2d\u592e\u90a6\u9664\u4e86\u4ecd\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u83ab\u8fea\u603b\u7406\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u53f7\u53ec\u529b\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e\u5176\u65e9\u524d\u63a8\u51fa\u7684 \u201c\u4eb2\u7231\u7684\u62c9\u514b\u5e0c\u7c73\uff08Ladli Lakshmi\uff09\u201d2.0\u7248\u672c\u3001\u201c\u4eb2\u7231\u7684\u59d0\u59b9\u201d\uff08Ladli Behna\uff09 \u7b49\u798f\u5229\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9009\u4e3e\u524d\u4e3a\u519c\u6c11\u3001\u7a77\u4eba\u548c\u9752\u5e74\u8bb8\u4e0b\u7684\u798f\u5229\u627f\u8bfa\u3002\u5370\u4eba\u515a\u6210\u529f\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u6765\u81eaOBC\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d57%\u7684\u9009\u7968\uff0c\u800c\u90e8\u843d\u7fa4\u4f53\u3001\u8fbe\u5229\u7279\u7fa4\u4f53\u7b49\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\u4e3a\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u652f\u6301\u8005\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u8fb9\u7f18\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e5f\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e86\u5370\u4eba\u515a\u5de8\u5927\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4e24\u515a\u5f97\u7968\u7387\u5dee\u8ddd\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u767e\u5206\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">[86] 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style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u96c6\u4f53\u798f\u5229\u6269\u5f20\uff1a\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5c40\u7684\u957f\u8fdc\u6311\u6218\u5386\u7ecf\u5370\u4eba\u515a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efb\u671f\u5185\u727a\u7272\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4e3e\u63aa\u4ee5\u53ca\u65b0\u51a0\u75ab\u60c5\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u540e\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u5370\u5ea6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5448\u73b0\u5f3a\u52bf\u590d\u82cf\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u65e9\u524d\u6025\u901f\u7f29\u51cf\u7684\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u89c4\u6a21\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u635f\u5931\u538c\u6076\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u95f4\u63a5\u5730\u7ed9\u5370\u5ea6\u5404\u653f\u515a\u6572\u54cd\u4e86\u8b66\u949f\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u91cd\u65b0\u6389\u5165\u8d2b\u7a77\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u539f\u201c\u65b0\u664b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u201d\u8feb\u5207\u5730\u8c0b\u6c42\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u5b9e\u60e0\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u8feb\u4f7f\u5370\u5ea6\u5404\u653f\u515a\u5728\u9009\u4e3e\u7b56\u7565\u4e0a\u6108\u53d1\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u6c11\u7cb9\u5f0f\u7684\u798f\u5229\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6cbb\u8bae\u7a0b\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f2019\u5e74\u5927\u9009\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ca\u7ed3\u679c\u5c06\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u6cbb\u7eb2\u9886\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u5728\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e0a\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5370\u4eba\u515a\u53ca\u5176\u8054\u76df\u57282019\u5e74\u666e\u904d\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u798f\u5229\u8ba1\u5212\u4e2d\u83b7\u76ca\u4eba\u7fa4\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c[90] \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5404\u653f\u515a\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5730\u63a8\u884c\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u65b0\u798f\u5229\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e0e\u53d7\u76ca\u8005\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u8054\u7ed3\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">[91] \u8fd9\u79cd\u65b0\u798f\u5229\u4e3b\u4e49\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u5f62\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u521b\u9020\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5546\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u63d0\u4f9b\u3001\u8861\u91cf\u548c\u76d1\u7763\u56e0\u4e3a\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u53d8\u5f97\u76f8\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\u660e\u4e86\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7acb\u8db3\u4e8e\u5fb7\u91cc\u3001\u4ee3\u8868\u65b0\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u5e73\u6c11\u515a\uff08Aam Admi Party, AAP\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u62d3\u5c55\u5176\u9009\u4e3e\u52bf\u529b\u8303\u56f4\u65f6\u4e5f\u9010\u6b65\u8f6c\u53d8\u6700\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e3b\u52a8\u8ffd\u6c42\u9488\u5bf9\u65b0\u664b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u7684\u65b0\u798f\u5229\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ade\u9009\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u51ef\u6770\u91cc\u74e6\u5c14\uff08Arvind Kejriwal\uff09\u521b\u7acb\u7684\u5e73\u6c11\u515a\u57282015\u5e74\u5fb7\u91cc\u7acb\u6cd5\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u5927\u83b7\u5168\u80dc\uff0c\u5f97\u7968\u7387\u521b\u4e0b\u5386\u53f2\u65b0\u9ad8\uff0c\u8fbe\u523054.3%\uff0c\u5e76\u8d62\u5f9767\u4e2a\u5e2d\u4f4d\uff08\u517170\u4e2a\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u80dc\u5229\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e\u81ea2011\u5e74\u8d77\u7531\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u201c\u5f53\u4ee3\u7518\u5730\u201d\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u793e\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bb6\u5b89\u7eb3\u00b7\u54c8\u624e\u5c14\uff08Anna Hazare\uff09\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u53cd\u8150\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">[92] 2020\u5e74\uff0c\u5e73\u6c11\u515a\u6210\u529f\u8fde\u4efb\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u6539\u9769\u540e\u8bde\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u6279\u65b0\u4e2d\u4ea7\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u8150\u8d25\u3001\u884c\u653f\u4f4e\u6548\u3001\u798f\u5229\u6269\u5f20\u7b49\u73b0\u8c61\u6df1\u611f\u5931\u671b\uff0c\u5f53\u5e73\u6c11\u515a\u5e26\u7740\u53cd\u8150\u3001\u5584\u6cbb\u548c\u5206\u6743\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8bae\u7a0b\u51fa\u73b0\u65f6\uff0c[93] \u4e5f\u5c31\u81ea\u7136\u6fc0\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86\u4ee5\u53d7\u8fc7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4e2d\u9ad8\u6536\u5165\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u65b0\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f53\u5e73\u6c11\u515a\u8d70\u51fa\u5fb7\u91cc\u8fd9\u4e00\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4f01\u56fe\u6269\u5c55\u653f\u6cbb\u7248\u56fe\u65f6\uff0c\u968f\u5373\u5f31\u5316\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u5728\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6682\u4e14\u9690\u85cf\uff08\u65b0\uff09\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u653f\u515a\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5f3a\u5316\u5176\u798f\u5229\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ade\u9009\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u6700\u663e\u8457\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u5e73\u6c11\u515a\u9488\u5bf9\u65c1\u906e\u666e\u90a6\u5973\u6027\u7684\u52a8\u5458\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u627f\u8bfa\u5176\u4e00\u65e6\u5f53\u9009\u5c06\u4e3a\u8be5\u90a6\u6bcf\u4f4d\u5973\u6027\u63d0\u4f9b\u6bcf\u67081000\u5362\u6bd4\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u8865\u52a9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u91d1\u5c06\u76f4\u63a5\u6c47\u5165\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u94f6\u884c\u8d26\u6237\uff0c\u5e76\u5ba3\u79f0\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u5c06\u662f\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u9996\u4e2a\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5973\u6027\u8d4b\u6743\u798f\u5229\u9879\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">[94] \u5e73\u6c11\u515a\u7684\u798f\u5229\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ade\u9009\u7b56\u7565\u60e0\u53ca\u8303\u56f4\u5e7f\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ee5\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u6216\u79cd\u59d3\u9636\u5c42\u4e3a\u798f\u5229\u5206\u53d1\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5730\u6db5\u76d6\u66f4\u591a\u4e2d\u4e0b\u5c42\u6c11\u4f17\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\u4e5f\u5e2e\u52a9\u5176\u83b7\u5f972022\u5e74\u65c1\u906e\u666e\u90a6\u7acb\u6cd5\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u679c\u963f\u90a6\u3001\u5317\u963f\u80af\u5fb7\u90a6\u548c\u5317\u65b9\u90a6\u521d\u6b65\u5d2d\u9732\u5934\u89d2\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u793e\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bb6\u5b89\u7eb3\u00b7\u54c8\u624e\u5c14\uff08Anna Hazare\uff09\u3002\u56fe\u6e90\uff1athelivenagpur.com\u5370\u5ea6\u5176\u4ed6\u5927\u5927\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u90a6\u6267\u653f\u515a\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u5728\u8d22\u653f\u9884\u7b97\u4e2d\u52a0\u5927\u4e86\u798f\u5229\u652f\u51fa\u7684\u7c7b\u522b\u548c\u6570\u989d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u50cf\u6bd4\u54c8\u5c14\u90a6\u3001\u897f\u5b5f\u52a0\u62c9\u90a6\u3001\u5b89\u5f97\u62c9\u90a6\u3001\u65c1\u906e\u666e\u90a6\u7b49\u4eba\u53e3\u5927\u90a6\u6bcf\u5e74\u90fd\u652f\u51fa\u8d85\u8fc7500\u4ebf\u5362\u6bd4\u7684\u7535\u529b\u8865\u8d34\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e2d\u4e0b\u5c42\u5bb6\u5ead\u5b66\u751f\u514d\u8d39\u5206\u53d1\u5305\u62ec\u7535\u8111\u3001\u624b\u673a\u3001\u5e73\u677f\u5728\u5185\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u6291\u6216\u662f\u7ed9\u4e88\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u8865\u8d34\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">[95] \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5370\u4eba\u515a\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u4f53\u7cfb\u6027\u5730\u538b\u7f29\u5730\u65b9\u81ea\u6cbb\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u653f\u501f\u6b3e\u96be\u3001\u4e2d\u592e\u7a0e\u6536\u8f6c\u79fb\u6162\uff0c[96] \u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u653f\u538b\u529b\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u8d1f\u503a\u5360\u90a6\u5185\u751f\u4ea7\u603b\u503c\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u8fdc\u8d85\u5370\u5ea6\u8d22\u653f\u8d23\u4efb\u548c\u9884\u7b97\u7ba1\u7406\uff08Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management, FRBM\uff09\u8bbe\u7f6e\u768420%\u7684\u8b66\u793a\u7ebf\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u65c1\u906e\u666e\u90a6\u57282021-22\u8d22\u5e74\u7684\u8d1f\u503a\u5360\u6bd4\u66f4\u662f\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e8645%\uff08\u89c1\u4e0b\u56fe\uff09\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u90e8\u5206\u7701\u90a6\u8d1f\u503a\u5360\u90a6\u5185\u751f\u4ea7\u603b\u503c\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\uff1aRBI Bulletin\u3001Forbes India\uff0c\u539f\u7f51\u5740\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/rbi.org.in\/scripts\/BS_ViewBulletin.aspx\/;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/rbi.org.in\/scripts\/BS_ViewBulletin.aspx\/;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.forbesindia.com\/article\/explainers\/debt-to-gdp-ratio-indian-states\/88469\/1.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.forbesindia.com\/article\/explainers\/debt-to-gdp-ratio-indian-states\/88469\/1.<\/a> \u56fe\u6e90\uff1a\u201d\u5357\u4e9a\u89c2\u5bdf\u201d\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u798f\u5229\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ade\u9009\u7b56\u7565\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u4ece\u4e0d\u65b0\u9c9c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u798f\u5229\u8bdd\u8bed\u968f\u7740\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u52bf\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u76f8\u5e94\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u6c99\u5170\u5409\u5bf9\u5370\u5ea6\u72ec\u7acb\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u798f\u5229\u8bdd\u8bed\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u603b\u7ed3\u51fa\u4e86\u5bb6\u957f\u5f0f\u3001\u4f9d\u9644\u5f0f\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u9700\u6c42\u5f0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u56de\u5e94\u5f0f\u7684\u798f\u5229\u8bdd\u8bed\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea2004\u5e74\u8d77\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c\u987a\u5e94\u6c11\u610f\u7684\u798f\u5229\u653f\u7b56\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff08needs\uff09\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u8bc9\u6c42\uff08demands\uff09\u6765\u589e\u5f3a\u516c\u6c11\u53c2\u4e0e\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8fb9\u7f18\u5316\u7fa4\u4f53\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u7b56\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u4ee3\u8868\u6743\u6b63\u9010\u6e10\u5f97\u5230\u8ba4\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">[97] \u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u8868\u8c61\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7684\u5206\u6790\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u5404\u5c42\u7ea7\u6267\u653f\u515a\u96c6\u4f53\u7684\u798f\u5229\u6269\u5f20\u8f6c\u5411\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5bf9\u4e2d\u4e0b\u9636\u5c42\u635f\u5931\u538c\u6076\u7684\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u5404\u5927\u5c0f\u6267\u653f\u515a\u529b\u6c42\u8d62\u5f97\u8be5\u5e9e\u5927\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u9009\u7968\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ece\u957f\u671f\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6574\u4f53\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e14\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u679c\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u5e7f\u5927\u4e2d\u4e0b\u5c42\u6c11\u4f17\u6240\u5171\u4eab\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u798f\u5229\u652f\u51fa\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u7684\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u96c4\u539a\u7ade\u9009\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u653f\u515a\u5c06\u6301\u7eed\u538b\u7f29\u5e76\u5360\u636e\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u515a\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5c4a\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6781\u7aef\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u798f\u5229\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\u9510\u51cf\uff0c\u4e2d\u4e0b\u5c42\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u88ab\u88f9\u631f\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u5267\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u4e94\u3001\u7ed3\u8bba\u672c\u6587\u7cfb\u7edf\u68b3\u7406\u4e86\u5370\u5ea6\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u6982\u5ff5\u53ca\u5176\u6307\u6d89\u53d1\u5c55\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u635f\u5931\u538c\u6076\u7684\u5206\u6790\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u4ee5\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u6c11\u515a\u4e8e\u591a\u90a6\u7acb\u6cd5\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u4e3a\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e86\u5370\u5ea6\u4e2d\u4ea7\u6982\u5ff5\u91cc\u6700\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u4e2d\u4e0b\u5c42\u9636\u7ea7\uff08\u65b0\u664b\u4e2d\u4ea7\uff09\u5bf9\u653f\u515a\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5a92\u4f53\u4f20\u64ad\u3001\u653f\u515a\u5ba3\u4f20\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e2d\u4ea7\u6982\u5ff5\u6cdb\u5316\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u6c11\u4f17\u5bf9\u4e2d\u4ea7\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u8ba4\u77e5\u53d8\u5f97\u6a21\u7cca\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u6c11\u515a\u81ea20\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\u6240\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u575a\u5b9a\u652f\u6301\u7fa4\u4f53\u5b9e\u8d28\u6307\u7684\u662f\u521b\u751f\u4e8e\u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u671f\u5e76\u5386\u7ecf\u6c11\u65cf\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u52a8\u540e\u5ef6\u7eed\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u201c\u8001\u201d\u4e2d\u4ea7\uff08\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u4ea7\uff09\uff0c\u8be5\u7fa4\u4f53\u5728\u5f53\u4eca\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u9636\u5c42\u4e2d\u6307\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u662f\u65e2\u5f97\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u4e0a\u5c42\u4e2d\u4ea7\u548c\u5bcc\u88d5\u9636\u5c42\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5370\u4eba\u515a\u4e3a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6269\u5927\u653f\u6cbb\u7248\u56fe\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4e8e2014\u5e74\u5927\u9009\u524d\u901a\u8fc7\u8bdd\u8bed\u6784\u5efa\uff0c\u5c06\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0b\u5c42\u6c11\u4f17\u7eb3\u5165\u4e2d\u4ea7\u884c\u5217\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e88\u5176\u201c\u65b0\u664b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u201d\u7684\u79f0\u8c13\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 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style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u6574\u4e2a\u4f53\u7cfb\u8fd0\u884c\u4e0b\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u5267\u3002\u83ab\u8fea\u4ece\u201c\u65b0\u5370\u5ea6\u201d\uff08New India\uff09\u7545\u60f3\u5411\u201c\u96c4\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\u5370\u5ea6\u201d\uff08Aspirational India\uff09\u613f\u666f\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c[98] 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1.05em;\">[99] 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style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u901a\u8fc7\u8bba\u8ff0\u5370\u5ea6\u4e2d\u4ea7\u6982\u5ff5\u6307\u6d89\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5c06\u5370\u5ea6\u4e2d\u4ea7\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7fa4\u4f53\u805a\u7126\u81f3\u4ee5OBC\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u65b0\u664b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6bd4\u8f83\u7acb\u6cd5\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u5370\u4eba\u515a\u53ca\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u515a\u5728\u7ade\u9009\u7b56\u7565\u4e0a\u798f\u5229\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b64\u79cd\u53d8\u5316\u5bf9\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u6cbb\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u201c\u96c4\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\u5370\u5ea6\u201d\u613f\u666f\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u8131\u79bb\u8d2b\u56f0\u7684\u65b0\u664b\u4e2d\u4ea7\uff0c\u66f4\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u7fa4\u4f53\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8fc8\u5165\u771f\u6b63\u4e2d\u4ea7\u884c\u5217\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5370\u5ea6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5f15\u64ce\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u515a\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u9009\u62e9\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8be5\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u5145\u6ee1\u6311\u6218\u30022024\u5e74\u5370\u5ea6\u5927\u9009\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f\u521d\u6b65\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u7ed9\u5e7f\u5927\u4e2d\u4f4e\u5c42\u6c11\u4f17\u5e26\u6765\u5b9e\u60e0\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u6536\u5165\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u76f8\u5bf9\u5b97\u6559\u72c2\u6b22\u66f4\u80fd\u5de6\u53f3\u9009\u6c11\u7684\u6295\u7968\u610f\u5411\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ecd\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u519c\u6751\u6b20\u53d1\u8fbe\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6c11\u4f17\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u83ab\u8fea\u653f\u5e9c\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c4a\u4efb\u671f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u521b\u9020\u7684\u201c\u65b0\u664b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u201d\u5c06\u6301\u7eed\u65bd\u5c55\u5176\u653f\u6cbb\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5f53\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u515a\u91c7\u53d6\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u798f\u5229\u6269\u5f20\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u627f\u8bfa\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u540e\uff0c\u8be5\u7fa4\u4f53\u5bf9\u653f\u515a\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u503c\u5f97\u957f\u671f\u5173\u6ce8\u548c\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a[1] Sandhya Krishnan and Neeraj Hatekar, \u201cRise of the New Middle Class in India and Its Changing Structure,\u201d Economic and Political Weekly, Vol.52, No.22, 2017, pp.40-48.[2] Sara Dickey, \u201cThe Pleasures and Anxieties of Being in the Middle: Emerging Middle-Class Identities in Urban South India,\u201d Modern Asian Studies, Vol.46, No.3, 2012, pp.559-599;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">Andre Beteille, \u201cDoes the Middle Class Have Boundaries,\u201d in Surinder Jodhka ed., Interrogating India&#x27;s Modernity: Democracy, Identity, and Citizenship (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2014), pp.79-98.[3] Abhishek Jha, \u201cNumber Theory: Clues for 2024 from State Elections Held since 2019,\u201d Hindustan Times, May 20, 2023.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hindus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.hindus<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">tantimes.com\/india-news\/extrapolating-state-election-results-to-predict-2024-analysis-of-bjp-and-congress-performance-and-alliance-implications-101684436655876.html[4] Nancy Birdsall, \u201cMiddle-Class Heroes: The Best Guarantee of Good Governance,\u201d Foreign Affairs, No.95, 2016, pp.25-32;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">Francis Fukuyama, Political Order and Political Decay: From the Industrial Revolution to the Globalization of Democracy (New York: Macmillan, 2014), pp.439-442;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">Seymour M. Lipset, Political Man: The Social Bases of Politics (New York: Doubleday\/Anchor Books, 1963), pp.32-33, 66-67.[5] Leela Fernandes, India\u2019s New Middle Class: Democratic Politics in an Era of Economic Reform (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2006), pp.176-182.[6] Stuart Corbridge and John Harriss, Reinventing India: Li<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">beralization, Hindu Nationalism and Popular Democracy (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2000), pp.119-142.[7] Nagesh Prabhu, Middle Class, Media and Modi: The Making of a New Electoral Politics (New Delhi: SAGE Publications, 2020), p.xxiv;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">Leela Fernandes, India\u2019s New Middle Class: Democratic Politics in an Era of Economic Reform, pp.184-185.[8] Sahana Udupa, \u201cMiddle Class on Steroids: Digital Media Politics in Urban India,\u201d India in Transition, Center for the Advanced Study of India, Mar. 14, 2016, <a href=\"https:\/\/casi.sas.upenn.edu\/iit\/sudupa;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/casi.sas.upenn.edu\/iit\/sudupa;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">Devina Sarwatay et al., \u201cMedia Literacy, Social Connectedness, and Digital Citizenship in India: Mapping Stakeholders on How Parents and Young People Navigate a Social World,\u201d Frontiers in Human Dynamics, No.3, 2021, pp.1-17.[9] J\u00fcrgen Wiemann, \u201cThe New Middle Classes: Advocates for Good Governance, Inclusive Growth and Sustainable Development?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u201d The European Journal of Development Research, Vol.27, No.2, 2015, pp.195-201.[10] Vanita Shastri, \u201cThe Politics of Economic Liberalization in India,\u201d Contemporary South Asia, Vol.6, No.1, 1997, pp.2-56;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">E. Sridharan, \u201cEconomic Liberalization and India\u2019s Political Economy: Towards a Paradigm Synthesis,\u201d Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, Vol.31, No.3, 1993, pp.1-31.[11] Atul Kohli, \u201cThe Politics of Economic Liberalization in India,\u201d World Development, Vol.17, No.3, 1989, pp.305-328.[12] \u4e2d\u6587\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e00\u8bcd\u6697\u542b\u66f4\u591a\u9636\u7ea7\u610f\u8bc6\u3001\u6743\u529b\u7ed3\u6784\u7b49\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8272\u5f69\uff1b<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u5c42\u76f8\u5bf9\u66f4\u52a0\u4e2d\u6027\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0a\u5904\u4e8e\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u907f\u514d\u7d2f\u8d58\u8868\u8ff0\uff0c\u5f53\u7b80\u5316\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u4e2d\u4ea7\u201d\u65f6\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u4f46\u6d89\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u9636\u5c42\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b49\u4e2d\u6027\u8868\u8ff0\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u660e\u786e\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u5c42\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">[13] Imtiaz Ahmad and Helmut Reifeld eds., Middle-Class Values in India and Western Europe (New York: Routledge, 2017), p.2.[14] Satish Deshpande, Contemporary India: A Sociological View (New Delhi: Penguin, 2003), p.129.[15] Nancy Birdsall, \u201cMiddle-Class Heroes: The Best Guarantee of Good Governance,\u201d p.25.[16] Rajesh Shukla, How India E<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">arns, Spends and Saves: Unmasking the Real India (New Delhi: SAGE Publications India, 2010), p.100.[17] Subbu Narayanswamy and Adil Zainulbhai, \u201cIndia\u2019s Consumer Evolution,\u201d McKinsey Global Institute, May 7, 2007. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/mgi\/overview\/in-the-news\/consumer-evolution-in-india\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/mgi\/overview\/in-the-news\/consumer-evolution-in-india<\/a>[18] Rakesh Kochhar, \u201cA Global Middle Class Is Mo<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">re Promise than Reality,\u201d Pew Research Center Report, July 8, 2015.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/global\/2015\/07\/08\/a-global-middle-class-is-more-promise-than-reality\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/global\/2015\/07\/08\/a-global-middle-class-is-more-promise-than-reality\/<\/a>[19] Sanjit Paul Singh, \u201cIndia\u2019s Middle Class: Despondent, Ignored, Irrelevant and Dumped?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u201d Sunday Guardian Live, June 14, 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sundayguardianlive.com\/news\/indias-middle-class-despondent-ignored-irrelevant-dumped.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.sundayguardianlive.com\/news\/indias-middle-class-despondent-ignored-irrelevant-dumped.<\/a>[20] Rakesh Kocchar, \u201cChina\u2019s Middle Class Surges, While India\u2019s Lags Behind,\u201d Pew Research Center, July 15, 2015. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/short-reads\/2015\/07\/15\/china-india-middle-class\/.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/short-reads\/2015\/07\/15\/china-india-middle-class\/.<\/a>[21] Homi Kh<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">aras, \u201cThe Emerging Middle Class in Developing Countries,\u201d OECD Development Center, Working Paper No.285, January 2010. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd-ilibrary.org\/docserver\/5kmmp8lncrns-en.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.oecd-ilibrary.org\/docserver\/5kmmp8lncrns-en.pdf<\/a>[22] Martin Ravallion, \u201cThe Developing World\u2019s Bulging (but Vulnerable) Middle Class,\u201d World Development, Vol.38, No.4, 2010, pp.445-454.[23] Abhijit V. Banerjee<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">and Esther Duflo, \u201cWhat Is Middle Class about the Middle Classes around the World?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u201d Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol.22, No.2, 2008, pp.3-28.[24] Sandhya Krishnan and Neeraj Hatekar, \u201cRise of the New Middle Class in India and Its Changing Structure,\u201d p.42.[25] Devesh Kapur and Milan Vaishnav, Costs of Democracy: Political Finance in India (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018).[26] Anirudh Krishna and Devendra Ba<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">jpai, \u201cLayers in Globalising Society and the New Middle Class in India: Trends, Distribution and Prospects,\u201d Economic and Political Weekly, Vol.50, No. 5, 2015, pp.69-77.[27] Eswaran Sridharan, \u201cThe Growth and Sectoral Composition of India\u2019s Middle Class: Its Impact on the Politics of Economic Liberalization,\u201d India Review,Vol.3, No.4, 20<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">04, pp.405-428.[28] Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky, \u201cProspect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk,\u201d in Leonard C. Maclean and William T. Ziemba eds., Handbook of the Fundamentals of Financial Decision Making: Part I, (London: World Scientific, 2013), pp.99-127.[29] Guy Hochman and Eldad Yechiam, \u201cLoss Aversion in the Eye and in t<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">he Heart: The Autonomic Nervous System\u2019s Responses to Losses,\u201d Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, Vol.24, No.2, 2011, pp.140-156;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">L. Brenner et al., \u201cOn the Psychology of Loss Aversion: Possession, Valence, and Reversals of the Endowment Effect,\u201d Journal of Consumer Research, Vol.34, No.3, 2007, pp.369-376.[30] Richard H. Thaler, \u201cMental Accounting Matters,\u201d Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, Vol.12, No.3, 1999, pp.183-206.[31] L. Brenner et al., \u201cOn the Psychol<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">ogy of Loss Aversion: Possession, Valence, and Reversals of the Endowment Effect,\u201d pp.368-371.[32] L. Brenner et al., \u201cOn the Psychology of Loss Aversion: Possession, Valence, and Reversals of the Endowment Effect,\u201d p.370.[33] Ben Lockwood and James Rockey, \u201cNegative Voters?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">Electoral Competition with Loss-Aversion,\u201d The Economic Journal, Vol.130, No.632, 2020, pp.619-648.[34] Bankey Bihari Misra, The Indian Middle Classes: Their Growth in Modern Times (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1961), pp.8-10.[35] \u8fd9\u79cd\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u51b2\u51fb\u7684\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u4f20\u7edf\u793e\u4f1a\u4f9d\u636e\u804c\u4e1a\u5206\u5de5\u7684\u8d3e\u63d0\u5236\uff08Jati\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">[36] \u4e5f\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u201c\u5b98\u50da\u9636\u7ea7\u201d\uff0c\u201cBabu Class\u201d\u6307\u53d7\u8fc7\u897f\u5f0f\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u7cbe\u901a\u82f1\u8bed\u5e76\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5b98\u5458\uff0c\u5e26\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u4e3b\u4e49\u8272\u5f69\u3002[37] See D.P. Mukerji, Sociology of Indian Culture (Jaipur: Rawat Publications, 1979);D.P. Mukerji, On Indian History (Bombay: Hind Kitabs, 1946);<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">D.P. Mukerji, Diversities (New Delhi: People\u2019s Publishing House, 1958). [38] Dalia Chakrabarti, \u201cDP Mukerji and the Middle Class in India,\u201d Sociological Bulletin, Vol.59, No. 2, 2010, p.238.[39] Dalia Chakrabarti, \u201cDP Mukerji and the Middle Class in India,\u201d p.240.[40] Lancy Lobo and Jayesh Shah, The Trajectory of India\u2019s Middle Class: Economy, Ethics and Etiquette, (Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2015);<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">Andre Beteille, \u201cClasses and Communities,\u201d Economic and Political Weekly, Vol.42, No.11, 2007, pp.945-952.[41] Bankey Bihari Misra, The Indian Middle Classes: Their Growth in Modern Times, pp.308-342;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">Ministry of Finance, Government of India, \u201cEconomic Survey 1971-1972\u201d. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.indiabudget.gov.in\/budget_archive\/es1971-72\/esmain.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.indiabudget.gov.in\/budget_archive\/es1971-72\/esmain.htm<\/a>[42] Surinder S. Jodhka and Aseem Prakash, \u201cThe Indian Middle Class: Emerging Cultures of Politics and Economics,\u201d KAS International Reports, No.12, 2011, p.47.[43] Erik Olin Wright, Classes (London: Ver<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">so, 1985), pp.24-56.[44] Suhas Palshikar, \u201cPolitics of India\u2019s Middle Classes,\u201d in Imtiaz Ahmad and Helmut Reifeld eds., Middle-Class Values in India and Western Europe, pp.171-193.[45] Rakesh Kochhar, \u201cA Global Middle Class Is More Promise than Reality\u201d.[46] Bharatiya Janata Party, \u201cGujarat Vidhan Sabha Election 2012: Sankalp Patra\u201d. htt<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">ps:\/\/www.bjp.org\/images\/pdf_2012_h\/manifesto_summary_eng.pdf[47] Maulik Pathak and Sahil Makkar, \u201cNarendra Modi Seeks Support of \u2018Neo Middle-class\u2019 Voters,\u201d The Mint, Dec. 3, 2012.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.livemint.com\/Politics\/9fxiMtc1YhSKsJtNnPVbRM\/Narendra-Modi-seeks-support-of-neo-middleclass-voters.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.livemint.com\/Politics\/9fxiMtc1YhSKsJtNnPVbRM\/Narendra-Modi-seeks-support-of-neo-middleclass-voters.html<\/a>[48] Bharatiya Janata Party, \u201cElection Manife<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">sto 2014: Ek Bharat Shreshtha Bharat,\u201d p.17.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bjp.org\/images\/pdf_2014\/full_manifesto_english_07.04.2014.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.bjp.org\/images\/pdf_2014\/full_manifesto_english_07.04.2014.pdf<\/a>[49] Varghese K. George, \u201cHow the Hindutva Project Handles Caste Dynamics,\u201d The Hindu, Apr. 29, 2024. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pressreader.com\/india\/the-hindu-delhi-9WW5\/20240429\/281801404031511\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.pressreader.com\/india\/the-hindu-delhi-9WW5\/20240429\/281801404031511<\/a>[50] Ajay Singh, \u201cBudget and Modi\u2019s \u2018Neo M<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">iddle Class\u2019 Strategy for Elections,\u201d Governance Now, Feb. 15, 2019. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.governancenow.com\/news\/regular-story\/the-budget-and-modis-neo-middle-class-strategy-for-elections\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.governancenow.com\/news\/regular-story\/the-budget-and-modis-neo-middle-class-strategy-for-elections<\/a>[51] \u201cBharatiya Janata Party Manifesto: Modi Ki Guarantee 2024,\u201d p.13. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bjp.org\/files\/2024-04\/Modi-Ki-Guarantee-Sankalp-Patra-English.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.bjp.org\/files\/2024-04\/Modi-Ki-Guarantee-Sankalp-Patra-English.pdf<\/a>[52] Tereza Ca<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">pelos and Ipshita Basu, \u201cWho Is in the Middle: Social Class, Core Values, and Identities in India,\u201d Political Psychology,Vol.43, No.1, 2022, p.89.[53] Minna Saavala, \u201cLow Caste but Middle-class: Some Religious Strategies for Middle-class Identification in Hyderabad,\u201d Contributions to Indian Sociology, Vol.35, No.3, 2001, pp.293-318.[54] P<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">riya Chacko, \u201cMarketising Hindutva: The State, Society and Markets in Hindu Nationalism,\u201d Modern Asian Studies, Vol.53, No.2, 2019, pp.377-410.[55] Devesh Kapur, Neelanjan Sircar and Milan Vaishnav, \u201cThe Importance of Being Middle Class in India,\u201d in Dawid Danilo Bartelt and Axel Harneit-Sievers, eds., The New Middle Class in India and Brazil: Green Perspectives?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">(New Delhi: Academic Foundation, 2017), pp.54-56.[56] Ajay Singh, \u201cBudget and Modi\u2019s \u2018Neo Middle Class\u2019 Strategy for Elections\u201d.[57] Sandhya Krishnan and Neeraj Hatekar, \u201cRise of the New Middle Class in India and Its Changing Structure,\u201d pp.44-45.[58] Neeraj Hatekar and Kishore More, \u201cThe Rise of India\u2019s New Middle Class and the Role of O<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">ffshoring of Services,\u201d in Bart Lambregts et al. eds., The Local Impact of Globalization in South and Southeast Asia: Offshore Business Processes in Service Industries (New York: Routledge, 2015), p.176.[59] \u6839\u636e\u5370\u5ea6\u56fd\u5bb6\u62bd\u6837\u8c03\u67e52006~2007\u5e74\u7684\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a\uff0cOBC\u7fa4\u4f53\u5360\u5230\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u53e3\u768441%\uff0c\u4e14\u5448\u73b0\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">See \u201cOBCs Make up 41% of Population: Survey,\u201d Rediff News, Nov.1, 2006. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rediff.com\/news\/2006\/nov\/01quota.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.rediff.com\/news\/2006\/nov\/01quota.htm<\/a>[60] Rajiv Shah, \u201c\u2018OBC-isation\u2019 of BJP, Rise of OBC Neo-middle Class in Gujarat: Trends Congress Can Ignore at its Own Peril,\u201d Counter View, Feb.7, 2016.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.counterview.net\/2016\/02\/obc-isation-of-bjp-rise-of-obc-\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.counterview.net\/2016\/02\/obc-isation-of-bjp-rise-of-obc-<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">neo.html[61] Pon Vasanth B.A, \u201cShould the 50% Legal Ceiling on Researvation Be Reconsidered?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u201d The Hindu, Oct. 13, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/should-the-50-legal-ceiling-on-reservation-be-reconsidered\/article67413516.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/should-the-50-legal-ceiling-on-reservation-be-reconsidered\/article67413516.ece<\/a>[62] Abhik Deb, \u201cWhy the Opposition\u2019s Support for a Caste Census Falters in Some States,\u201d Scroll.in, Oct. 17, 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/scroll.in\/article\/1057502\/why-the-oppositions-support-for-a-caste-censu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/scroll.in\/article\/1057502\/why-the-oppositions-support-for-a-caste-censu<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">s-falters-in-some-states[63] \u201cShare of Indian Population between 2019 and 2021, Based on Caste Identity,\u201d Statista. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/1001016\/india-population-share-by-caste\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/1001016\/india-population-share-by-caste\/<\/a>[64] \u636e\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u8d2b\u56f0\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d1\u5c55\u5021\u8bae\uff08Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative, OPHI\uff09\u548c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5f00\u53d1\u8ba1\u5212\u7f72\uff08UNDP\uff092021\u5e74\u62a5\u544a\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u670927.2%\u7684OBC\u7fa4\u4f53\uff081.6 \u4ebf\uff09\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u591a\u7ef4\u8d2b\u56f0\u4e2d\uff08Multidimensional Poverty\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hdr.undp.org\/content\/2021-global-multidimensional-poverty-index-mpi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/hdr.undp.org\/content\/2021-global-multidimensional-poverty-index-mpi<\/a>[65] Homi Kharas and Meagan Dooley, \u201cExtreme Poverty in the Time of Covid-19,\u201d Center for Sustainable Development at Brookings, June 2021, p.3, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Extreme-poverty-during-the-time-of-COVID-19.pdf.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Extreme-poverty-during-the-time-of-COVID-19.pdf.<\/a>[66] Rakesh Kocchar,<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u201cIn the Pandemic, India\u2019s Middle Class Shrinks and Poverty Spreads While China Sees Smaller Changes,\u201dPew Research Center, March 18, 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/short-reads\/2021\/03\/18\/in-the-pandemic-indias-middle-class-shrinks-and-poverty-spreads-while-china-sees-smaller-changes\/;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/short-reads\/2021\/03\/18\/in-the-pandemic-indias-middle-class-shrinks-and-poverty-spreads-while-china-sees-smaller-changes\/;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">Sayan Ghosh and Zenger News, \u201cCovid-19 Shrank India\u2019s Burgeoning Middle Class,\u201d The Diplomat, August 17, 2021. <a href=\"https:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2021\/08\/covid-19-shrank-indias-burgeoning-middle-class\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2021\/08\/covid-19-shrank-indias-burgeoning-middle-class\/<\/a>[67] A. Chaudhary and S. Khatoon, \u201cImpact of the New Middle Class on Consumer Behavior: A Case Study of Delhi-NCR,\u201d Journal of Asian Business and Econ<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">omic Studies, Vol. 29 No. 3, 2022, pp.222-237.[68] \u201cWhere Are Tamil Nadu\u2019s Colour TVs?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u201d India Spend, Oct. 24, 2011. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.indiaspend.com\/where-are-tamil-nadus-colour-tvs-37787\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.indiaspend.com\/where-are-tamil-nadus-colour-tvs-37787\/<\/a>[69] Manish K. Jha and Pushpendra, Beyond Consumption: India\u2019s New Middle Class in the Neo-Liberal Times (London: Taylor &amp; Francis, 2021), p.4.[70] Misra Satya Narayan, \u201cEconomically Backward Reservation: A Paradigm Shift in Public Policy,\u201d Par<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">ikalpana KIIT Journal of Management, Vol.18, No.1, 2022, pp.5-10.[71] \u201cThe Swatantra Party\u2019s Principles,\u201d Swarajyamag, June 21, 2018. <a href=\"http:\/\/archives.swarajyamag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/21-125.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/archives.swarajyamag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/21-125.pdf<\/a>[72] Christophe Jaffrelot, India\u2019s Silent Revolution: The Rise of the Lower Castes in North India (New Delhi: Orient Blackswan, 2003), pp<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">.292-296.[73] Yogendra Yadav, Sanjay Kumar and Oliver Heath, \u201cThe BJP\u2019s New Social Block,\u201d Frontline, Vol.16, No.23, 1999, pp.6-19.[74] Christophe Jaffrelot and Gilles Verniers, \u201cThe Representation Gap,\u201d The Indian Express, July 24, 2015. <a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/opinion\/columns\/the-representation-gap-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/opinion\/columns\/the-representation-gap-2\/<\/a>[75] Vibha Attri and Himan<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">shu Bhattacharya, \u201cAssembly Elections 2017-2018,\u201d Studies in Indian Politics, Vol.7, No.1, 2019, pp.100-129.[76] Christophe Jaffrelot, Modi\u2019s India: Hindu Nationalism the Rise of Ethnic Democracy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2021).[77] Arjan H. Schakel, Chanchal Kumar Sharma and Wilfried Swenden, \u201cIndian after the 2014 General<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">Elections: BJP Dominance and the Crisis of the Third Party System,\u201d Regional and Federal Studies, Vol.29, No.3, 2019, p.343.[78] Milan Vaishnav, \u201cModi: Pro Business, Not Pro Markets,\u201d Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, August 15, 2017, <a href=\"https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/2017\/08\/15\/modi-pro-business-not-pro-markets-pub-72829;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/2017\/08\/15\/modi-pro-business-not-pro-markets-pub-72829;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">Shalendra D. Sharma, \u201cModinomics in India: The Promise and the Reality,\u201d Asian Survey, Vol.59, No.3, 2019, pp.548-572.[79] \u201cNSSO Data Puts Unemployment at 45-Year High in 2017-18: Report,\u201d The Wire, Jan. 31, 2019. <a href=\"https:\/\/thewire.in\/labour\/nsso-data-puts-unemployment-at-45-year-high-in-2017-18-report\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/thewire.in\/labour\/nsso-data-puts-unemployment-at-45-year-high-in-2017-18-report<\/a>[80] S. V. Ramana Murthy, \u201cMeasuring In<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">formal Economy in India: Indian Experience,\u201d Seventh IMF Statistical Forum, 2019, p.3, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/~\/media\/Files\/Conferences\/2019\/7th-statistics-forum\/session-ii-murthy.ashx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.imf.org\/~\/media\/Files\/Conferences\/2019\/7th-statistics-forum\/session-ii-murthy.ashx<\/a>[81] Anita Hammer et al., \u201cWorking Lives in India: Current Insights and Future Directions,\u201d Work, Employment and Society, Vol.36, No.6, 2022, p.1141.[82] John<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">Echeverri-Gent et al., \u201cEconomic Distress amidst Political Success: India\u2019s Economic Policy under Modi, 2014-2019,\u201d India Review, No.20, 2020, p.402.[83] Abhijnan Rej, \u201cNarendra Modi\u2019s 2019 Landslide: Why It Happened and What Happens Next,\u201d The Diplomat, May 24, 2019.<a href=\"https:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2019\/05\/narendra-modis-2019-landslide-why-it-hap\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2019\/05\/narendra-modis-2019-landslide-why-it-hap<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">pened-and-what-happens-next\/[84]Christophe Jaffrelot, \u201cPopulist Welfarism in India: How Modi Relates to the Poor,\u201d in Alain Dieckhoff, Christophe Jaffrelot and Elise Massicard eds., Contemporary Populists in Power (Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022), pp.213-216.[85] Alka Jain, \u201cAssembly Elections 2023: Opinion Poll Suggests BJ<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">P, Congress to Battle tough Semi-Finals in 5 States,\u201d The Mint, Oct. 10, 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.livemint.com\/elections\/assembly-elections\/assembly-elections-2023-opinion-poll-bjp-congress-tough-semi-finals-in-mp-rajasthan-chhattisgarh-telangana-mizoram-11696916762746.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.livemint.com\/elections\/assembly-elections\/assembly-elections-2023-opinion-poll-bjp-congress-tough-semi-finals-in-mp-rajasthan-chhattisgarh-telangana-mizoram-11696916762746.html<\/a>[86] Rahul Noronha, \u201cBucking the Trend,\u201d India Today (Magazine), Dec. 18,<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">2023, pp.34-35.[87] Archis Mohan, \u201cAssembly Election Results: BJP Sweeps MP, Wrests Rajasthan and Chhattisgarh,\u201d The Business Standard, Dec. 4, 2023,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/elections\/assembly-election\/assembly-election-results-bjp-sweeps-mp-wrests-rajasthan-and-chhattisgarh-123120301264_1.html;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/elections\/assembly-election\/assembly-election-results-bjp-sweeps-mp-wrests-rajasthan-and-chhattisgarh-123120301264_1.html;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">Paran Balakrishnan, \u201cSaffron Sweep in North India: BJP Wrests Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, Keeps Madhya Pradesh;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">Congress Wins Telangana,\u201d The Telegraph, Dec. 3, 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.telegraphindia.com\/india\/assembly-election-results-saffron-sweep-in-north-india-bjp-wrests-rajasthan-chhattisgarh-keeps-madhya-pradesh-congress-wins-telangana\/cid\/1984300\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.telegraphindia.com\/india\/assembly-election-results-saffron-sweep-in-north-india-bjp-wrests-rajasthan-chhattisgarh-keeps-madhya-pradesh-congress-wins-telangana\/cid\/1984300<\/a>[88] Yudhajit Shankar Das, \u201cBJP\u2019s New Chief Ministers Reveal 2024 Battle Plan. It\u2019s More than What You<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">Thought,\u201d India Today, Dec. 15, 2023.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.indiatoday.in\/india\/story\/bjp-2024-lok-sabha-election-pm-modi-chief-ministers-rajasthan-mp-chhattisgarh-influence-polls-2475430-2023-12-15\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.indiatoday.in\/india\/story\/bjp-2024-lok-sabha-election-pm-modi-chief-ministers-rajasthan-mp-chhattisgarh-influence-polls-2475430-2023-12-15<\/a>[89] \u201cOBC Gets Lion\u2019s Share in MP Cabinet Expansion,\u201d The Pioneer, Dec. 26, 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dailypioneer.com\/2023\/page1\/obc-gets-lion---s-share-in-mp-c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.dailypioneer.com\/2023\/page1\/obc-gets-lion&#8212;s-share-in-mp-c<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">abinet-expansion.html[90] Rajeshwari Deshpande et al., \u201cThe BJP\u2019s Welfare Schemes: Did They Make a Difference in the 2019 Elections?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u201d Studies in Indian Politics, Vol.7, No. 2, 2019, pp.229-230.[91] Abhishek Anand et al., \u201cNew Welfarism of Modi Govt Represents Distinctive Approach to Redistribution and Inclusion,\u201d The Indian Express, Dec. 22, 2020.<a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/opinion\/columns\/national-family-health-survey-new-welfarism-of-indias-right-7114104\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/opinion\/columns\/national-family-health-survey-new-welfarism-of-indias-right-7114104\/<\/a>[92]<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u5173\u4e8e\u54c8\u624e\u5c14\u7684\u53cd\u8150\u8fd0\u52a8\u53ca\u5bf9\u65b0\u4e2d\u4ea7\u7684\u52a8\u5458\u53c2\u8003\uff1aManindra Nath Thakur, Manindra Nath and Dhananjay Rai eds., Democracy on the Move: Reflections on Moments, Promises and Contradictions (Delhi: Aakar, 2013);<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">Vinay Sitapati, \u201cWhat Anna Hazare\u2019s Movement and India\u2019s New Middle Classes Say about Each Other,\u201d Economic and Political Weekly, Vol.48, No. 36, 2011, pp.39-44.[93] Arvind Kejriwal, Swaraj (New Delhi: Harper Collins, 2012).[94] Harish Manav, \u201cAAP Promises Rs 1,000 Cash to Every Woman In Punjab if Voted to Power in Upcoming Polls,\u201d Outloo<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">k, Nov. 22, 2021.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.outlookindia.com\/website\/story\/india-news-aap-promises-rs-1000-cash-to-every-woman-in-punjab-if-voted-to-power-in-upcoming-polls\/402092#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.outlookindia.com\/website\/story\/india-news-aap-promises-rs-1000-cash-to-every-woman-in-punjab-if-voted-to-power-in-upcoming-polls\/402092#<\/a>[95] Shwweta Punj and Anilesh S. Mahajan, \u201cFreebies Vs Welfare,\u201d India Today (Magazine), Sep. 5, 2022, pp.19-21.[96] \u96f7\u5b9a\u5764\uff1a\u300a\u83ab\u8fea\u6267\u653f\u540e\u5370\u5ea6\u592e\u5730\u5173\u7cfb\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\u63a2\u6790\u2014\u2014 \u57fa\u4e8e\u5236\u5ea6\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5206\u6790\u89c6\u89d2\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5357\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u300b2023\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c119~121\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">[97] Prakash Sanrangi, \u201cWelfare Discourses in India,\u201d India Review, Vol.22, No.1, 2023, pp.78-105.[98] Badri Narayan, \u201cThe Evolution of Aspirational India: From the Politics of Representation to a Politics of Development,\u201d Open the Magazine, Oct. 27, 2023.<a href=\"https:\/\/openthemagazine.com\/columns\/the-evolution-of-aspirational-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/openthemagazine.com\/columns\/the-evolution-of-aspirational-india\/<\/a>[99] Shekhar<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">Gupta, \u201cWhy India\u2019s Middle Classes Are Modi\u2019s \u2018Muslims,\u2019\u201d The Print, July 6, 2019. <a href=\"https:\/\/theprint.in\/national-interest\/why-indias-middle-classes-are-modis-muslims\/259523\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/theprint.in\/national-interest\/why-indias-middle-classes-are-modis-muslims\/259523\/<\/a>\u4f5c\u8005\u7b80\u4ecb\uff1a\u96f7\u5b9a\u5764\uff0c\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u56fd\u9645\u4e0e\u5730\u533a\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u52a9\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u5458<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u672c\u6587\u8f6c\u8f7d\u81ea\u201c\u5357\u4e9a\u89c2\u5bdf\u201d\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f72024\u5e7410\u67085\u65e5\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u539f\u6807\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u5357\u4e9a\u89c2\u5bdf\u5bb6 | \u96f7\u5b9a\u5764\uff1a\u5370\u5ea6\u65b0\u664b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u5f71\u54cd\u300b\uff0c\u539f\u6587\u520a\u8f7d\u4e8e\u300a\u5357\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u300b2024\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\u672c\u671f\u7f16\u8f91\uff1a\u6768\u5029 \u6c5f\u6021<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u672c\u6587\u805a\u7126\u88ab\u5370\u4eba\u515a\u653f\u5e9c\u521b\u9020\u7684\u65b0\u6982\u5ff5\u7fa4\u4f53\u2014\u2014\u65b0\u664b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u53ca\u5176\u653f\u6cbb\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5728\u9610\u8ff0\u5370\u5ea6\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u6982\u5ff5\u53d1\u5c55\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u501f\u52a9\u635f\u5931\u538c\u6076\u7684\u5206\u6790\u89c6\u89d2\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7406\u89e3\u83ab\u8fea\u653f\u5e9c\u6267\u653f\u4ee5\u6765\u5370\u4eba\u515a\u5728\u6269\u5f20\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u6cbb\u52bf\u529b\u7248\u56fe\u65f6\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6311\u6218\u53ca\u5176\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[17],"class_list":["post-4489","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-16","tag-17"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nyyjtx.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4489","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nyyjtx.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nyyjtx.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nyyjtx.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nyyjtx.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4489"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/nyyjtx.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4489\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nyyjtx.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4489"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nyyjtx.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4489"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nyyjtx.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4489"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}