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\u7b2c\u4e8c\u533a\u4ee5\u5546\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5357\u4e9a\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u805a\u96c6\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u8303\u56f4\u8986\u76d6\u73b0\u4eca\u7684\u5e02\u533a\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4c\u65c1\u5676\uff08Upanga\uff09\u3002\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u5219\u88ab\u8d76\u5230\u4eba\u53e3\u7a20\u5bc6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u533a\uff0c\u5982\u5361\u91cc\u4e9a\u5e93\uff08Kariakoo\uff09\u3001\u9a6c\u9ad8\u9ea6\u5c3c\uff08Magomeni\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e03\u53e4\u4f26\u5c3c\uff08Buguruni\uff09\u7b49\u5730\u30021945\u5e74\uff0c\u66fe\u7ecf\u4e3b\u7ba1\u5766\u5676\u5c3c\u5580\u94c1\u8def\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684A.C.\u5409\u5c14\u66fc\uff08A.C. Gillman\uff09\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u8fbe\u7d2f\u65af\u8428\u62c9\u59c6\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u5206\u5e03\u683c\u5c40\u3002\u201c\u8fbe\u7d2f\u65af\u8428\u62c9\u59c6\u533a\u5206\u4e86\u2018\u57ce\u5e02\u2019\u548c\u2018\u4e9a\u6d32\u57ce\u2019\u3002\u524d\u8005\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u5f00\u5c55\u8d38\u6613\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u9760\u8fd1\u7801\u5934\u3001\u6d77\u5173\u548c\u4ed3\u5e93\u3002\u2018\u4e9a\u6d32\u57ce\u2019\u4f4d\u4e8e\u2018\u57ce\u5e02\u2019\u7684\u897f\u8fb9\uff0c\u6709\u5546\u5e97\u3001\u4f4f\u5b85\u3001\u6e05\u771f\u5bfa\u3001\u4f5b\u5bfa\u3001\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u548c\u5a31\u4e50\u5385\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u52301939\u5e74\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u5df2\u7ecf\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u5766\u5676\u5c3c\u558050%\u5de6\u53f3\u7684\u8fdb\u53e3\u8d38\u6613\u300160%\u7684\u51fa\u53e3\u8d38\u6613\u300180%\u7684\u68c9\u82b1\u548c\u5251\u9ebb\u4ea7\u4e1a\u300180%\u7684\u8fd0\u8f93\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u4ee5\u53ca90%\u7684\u57ce\u9547\u8d22\u4ea7\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u5357\u4e9a\u5546\u4eba\u5728\u975e\u6d32\u5145\u5f53\u8d44\u672c\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\u4e0d\u65ad\u88ab\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u3001\u5b66\u8005\u548c\u5a92\u4f53\u5f3a\u5316\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u6210\u4e3a\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5de5\u4e1a\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u5e76\u5f97\u5230\u82f1\u56fd\u5f53\u5c40\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u5728\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u94dd\u3001\u94a2\u3001\u7cd6\u3001\u80a5\u7682\u3001\u5851\u6599\u5236\u54c1\u7b49\u884c\u4e1a\u9887\u6709\u5efa\u6811\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4e1c\u975e\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u534f\u4f1a\uff08Association of Entrepreneurs of East Africa\uff09\u4ee5\u5f3a\u5316\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4e1c\u90e8\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u7ecf\u8d38\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/p>\n

1953\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e1c\u975e\u7687\u5bb6\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08East African Royal Commission\uff09\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e1c\u975e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u53d1\u5c55\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u5176\u8c03\u67e5\u7ed3\u679c\u5ba3\u79f0\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u4ee5\u5a34\u719f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u52e4\u594b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6001\u5ea6\u4e0e\u5f53\u5730\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u5f00\u5c55\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u5f53\u5730\u7ecf\u8d38\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u6210\u719f\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u5219\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u5206\u800c\u6cbb\u4e4b\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\u30021925\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u8ba1\u5212\u5728\u975e\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u5b9e\u65bd\u201c\u82f1\u56fd\u70ed\u5e26\u975e\u6d32\u6559\u80b2\u653f\u7b56\u201d\uff08Education Policy in British Tropical Africa\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u5e74\u5728\u8fbe\u7d2f\u65af\u8428\u62c9\u59c6\u53ec\u5f00\u4e86\u5766\u5676\u5c3c\u5580\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c4a\u6559\u80b2\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u975e\u6d32\u4ee3\u8868\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f1a\u8bae\u6700\u7ec8\u51b3\u5b9a\u91c7\u53d6\u4e00\u9879\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u9002\u5e94\u6559\u80b2\u201d\uff08Education for Adaptation\uff09\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u201c\u4e3a\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u9605\u8bfb\u3001\u5199\u4f5c\u548c\u4f1a\u8ba1\u6280\u80fd\u57f9\u8bad\uff0c\u5de9\u56fa\u95f4\u63a5\u7edf\u6cbb\u4f53\u7cfb\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u5f00\u5c55\u519c\u6c11\u804c\u4e1a\u6280\u80fd\u57f9\u8bad\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u519c\u4e1a\uff1b\u4f20\u64ad\u897f\u65b9\u516c\u6c11\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff0c\u2018\u6587\u660e\u5316\u2019\u67d0\u4e9b\u4f20\u7edf\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u548c\u4e60\u4fd7\u201d\u3002\u57281925\u5e74\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\uff0c\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u79cd\u65cf\u7fa4\u4f53\u5efa\u7acb\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u884c\u653f\u673a\u6784\u3001\u9884\u7b97\u89c4\u5212\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u627f\u8ba4\u5171\u540c\u6559\u80b2\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u6210\u672c\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3a\u4e86\u9694\u79bb\u4e0d\u540c\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u7ef4\u62a4\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4ecd\u7136\u51b3\u5b9a\u5b9e\u65bd\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u57281925\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u5c01\u673a\u5bc6\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u7ba1\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u76f4\u8a00\uff0c\u201c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u8ba1\u5212\u90fd\u8981\u8003\u8651\u653f\u6cbb\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5e74\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u51e0\u5e74\u975e\u6d32\u653f\u6cbb\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5229\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u5904\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u79cd\u65cf\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5efa\u7acb\u66f4\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\uff08\u5bf9\u5357\u4e9a\u4eba\uff09\u7684\u654c\u5bf9\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u79cd\u65cf\u610f\u8bc6\u65e5\u76ca\u5f3a\u70c8\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u6ee1\u4e9a\u6d32\u4eba\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u597d\u5904\u3002\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u6559\u80b2\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u524a\u5f31\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u800c\u8a00\u5341\u5206\u5065\u5eb7\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f62\u6210\u5171\u540c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u613f\u666f\u3002\u201d\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u5171\u540c\u6559\u80b2\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\u56e2\u7ed3\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u9881\u5e03\u4e86\u300a1927\u5e74\u6559\u80b2\u6761\u4f8b\u300b\uff081927 Education Ordinance\uff09\uff0c\u5c06\u4e4b\u524d\u4e34\u65f6\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u6559\u80b2\u5236\u5ea6\u5177\u4f53\u5316\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u5206\u522b\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u5e76\u6388\u6743\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u884c\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u6388\u8bfe\u4eba\u5458\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u5357\u4e9a\u5b66\u6821\u6ce8\u91cd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5546\u4e1a\u7c7b\u548c\u6587\u5b66\u6587\u5316\u7c7b\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u5370\u5ea6\u62db\u52df\u6559\u6388\u82f1\u8bed\u3001\u53e4\u5409\u62c9\u7279\u8bed\u548c\u4e4c\u5c14\u90fd\u8bed\u7684\u6559\u5e08\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u800c\u4e3a\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u5f00\u8bbe\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u5219\u9075\u5faa\u201c\u9002\u5e94\u6559\u80b2\u201d\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4ee5\u519c\u4e1a\u6280\u80fd\u57f9\u8bad\u4e3a\u91cd\u70b9\u5f00\u5c55\u6559\u5b66\u3002\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u9884\u7b97\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u4ecd\u7136\u6309\u7167\u79cd\u65cf\u5206\u914d\uff0c1935\u5e74\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u548c\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u7684\u4eba\u5747\u6559\u80b2\u9884\u7b97\u5206\u522b\u4e3a20.20\u5148\u4ee4\u30018.85\u5148\u4ee4\u548c0.28\u5148\u4ee4\u3002\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u9694\u79bb\u6559\u80b2\u4f7f\u5357\u4e9a\u4eba\u7684\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8fdc\u9ad8\u4e8e\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\uff0c\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u53d7\u5230\u6324\u538b\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4f9b\u7ed9\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e25\u91cd\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u672c\u571f\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u4e5f\u5728\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc6\u522b\u65b9\u9762\u88ab\u8feb\u4e0e\u5357\u4e9a\u4eba\u533a\u9694\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u66fe\u7ecf\u6d3e\u4ee3\u8868\u4e0e\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\u5165\u5b66\u673a\u4f1a\u3001\u5c31\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u664b\u5347\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u5b98\u65b9\u7684\u65e0\u60c5\u62d2\u7edd\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u88ab\u6301\u7eed\u5f3a\u52a0\u201c\u519c\u6c11\u201d\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u6807\u7b7e\u548c\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u90e8\u4e3b\u7ba1\u66fe\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u53ea\u67095%\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u513f\u7ae5\u8db3\u591f\u806a\u660e\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u4ece\u5b66\u672f\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u83b7\u76ca\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u9f13\u52b1\u975e\u6d32\u5b66\u751f\u7559\u5728\u519c\u4e1a\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u8fd8\u66fe\u57281954\u5e74\u8d5e\u52a9\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u9898\u4e3a\u201c\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u4ece\u4e8b\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u4e4b\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u201d\u82f1\u8bed\u4f5c\u6587\u7ade\u8d5b\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u5728\u6b96\u6c11\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c06\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a\u5357\u4e9a\u4eba\u7684\u201c\u5265\u524a\u201d\u3002\u624e\u62c9\u83ab\u8054\u76df\uff08Wazaramo\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u9886\u8896\u66fe\u57281948\u5e74\u300a\u4eca\u65e5\u65b0\u95fb\u300b\uff08Mambo Leo\uff09\u520a\u6587\uff0c\u201c\u7531\u4e8e\u65e0\u77e5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u751f\u610f\uff0c\u800c\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u6b3a\u9a97\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u201d\u30021953\u5e74\u300a\u4eca\u65e5\u65b0\u95fb\u300b\u5219\u901a\u8fc7\u6f2b\u753b\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u60f3\u4e70\u8863\u670d\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u9752\u5e74\u88ab\u72e1\u733e\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u5546\u4eba\u6b3a\u9a97\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u6559\u80b2\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u7684\u5411\u4e0a\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd8\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u7684\u201c\u654c\u201d\u201c\u6211\u201d\u4e4b\u5206\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5357\u4e9a\u4eba\u548c\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u5728\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\u7684\u533a\u9694\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5357\u4e9a\u6587\u5316\u548c\u975e\u6d32\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5f7b\u5e95\u4e0d\u517c\u5bb9\u3002\u957f\u671f\u5173\u6ce8\u975e\u6d32\u5357\u4e9a\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u91cc\u5361\u00b7\u5a1c\u8fbe\uff08Richa Nagar\uff09\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u65cf\u7fa4\u901a\u5a5a\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u5357\u4e9a\u4eba\u6709\u6240\u53d8\u901a\u3002\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5357\u4e9a\u5bb6\u5ead\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5728\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7ed3\u5a5a\u5e76\u957f\u5c45\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u3002\u6700\u521d\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ef4\u62a4\u79cd\u65cf\u7eaf\u6d01\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0a\u5c42\u548c\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u5357\u4e9a\u4eba\u901a\u5e38\u9009\u62e9\u4e0e\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u5357\u4e9a\u7684\u914d\u5076\u901a\u5a5a\uff0c\u4f46\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa40\u5e74\u4ee3\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9010\u6e10\u5bf9\u4e1c\u975e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4ea7\u751f\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u5b9a\u5c45\u4e1c\u975e\u7684\u5357\u4e9a\u5bb6\u5ead\u5f80\u5f80\u66f4\u5bcc\u6709\uff0c\u66f4\u4e60\u60ef\u4e0a\u6d41\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8e\u662f\u5bcc\u88d5\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u548c\u8006\u90a3\u6559\u5bb6\u5ead\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u4e1c\u975e\u9009\u62e9\u5177\u6709\u201c\u7cbe\u82f1\u54c1\u5473\u201d\u7684\u5357\u4e9a\u88d4\u914d\u5076\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5730\u4f4d\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u5357\u4e9a\u88d4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u91cc\u5361\u00b7\u5a1c\u8fbe\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u4f4e\u79cd\u59d3\u5357\u4e9a\u4eba\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7814\u7a76\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5357\u4e9a\u4eba\u201c\u88ab\u8feb\u201d\u878d\u5165\u4e86\u4e1c\u975e\u672c\u571f\u793e\u7fa4\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u6765\u81ea\u900a\u5c3c\u6d3e\u548c\u4ffe\u8def\u652f\u7684\u7537\u6027\u52b3\u5de5\u3001\u90e8\u5206\u4f0a\u65af\u739b\u4eea\u6d3e\u548c\u4ec0\u53f6\u6d3e\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u5357\u4e9a\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u540e\u671f\u79fb\u6c11\u4e2d\u7684\u4f17\u591a\u9521\u514b\u6559\u5f92\uff08\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u591a\u6570\u662f\u524d\u94c1\u8def\u52b3\u5de5\uff09\u7531\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fd4\u56de\u5370\u5ea6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0e\u975e\u88d4\u3001\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u88d4\u6216\u6df7\u8840\u5987\u5973\u4e00\u8d77\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u5207\u65ad\u4e86\u4e0e\u539f\u7c4d\u56fd\u6216\u5357\u4e9a\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u878d\u5165\u4e86\u975e\u88d4\u6216\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u88d4\u793e\u533a\u3002\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u53d8\u8fc1\uff0c\u5357\u4e9a\u6587\u5316\u6216\u4e3b\u52a8\u6216\u88ab\u52a8\u5730\u4e0e\u975e\u6d32\u6587\u5316\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u78b0\u649e\uff0c\u5e76\u5ef6\u7eed\u81f3\u4eca\u3002<\/p>\n

\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u672c\u90e8\u5206\u901a\u8fc7\u56de\u987e\u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u671f\u5357\u4e9a\u79fb\u6c11\u79fb\u5c45\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u7684\u5206\u800c\u6cbb\u4e4b\u653f\u7b56\u5c06\u5357\u4e9a\u4eba\u5851\u9020\u6210\u4f18\u4e8e\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u7684\u7279\u6743\u5c11\u6570\u65cf\u7fa4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u70b9\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u7a7a\u95f4\u5212\u5206\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f85\u9047\u4ee5\u53ca\u6559\u80b2\u653f\u7b56\u7b49\u5404\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u9002\u5e94\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5357\u4e9a\u79fb\u6c11\u4e5f\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u62e5\u6709\u4e86\u6df7\u5408\u8eab\u4efd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u5357\u4e9a\u79fb\u6c11\u5728\u72ec\u7acb\u521d\u671f\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc6\u522b\u968f\u77401961\u5e74\u5766\u5676\u5c3c\u5580\u72ec\u7acb\u6597\u4e89\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c1964\u5e74\u6851\u7ed9\u5df4\u5c14\u9769\u547d\u76f8\u7ee7\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c<\/h2>\n

\u5728\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u571f\u5d29\u74e6\u89e3\u30021964\u5e74\u5766\u5676\u5c3c\u5580\u548c\u6851\u7ed9\u5df4\u5c14\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u7ec4\u6210\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u8054\u5408\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u3002\u672c\u90e8\u5206\u4ee5\u5766\u5676\u5c3c\u5580\u548c\u6851\u7ed9\u5df4\u5c14\u72ec\u7acb\u521d\u671f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e3a\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u68b3\u7406\u5357\u4e9a\u79fb\u6c11\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u653f\u6cbb\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u5e76\u91cd\u70b9\u5206\u6790\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc6\u522b\u5e26\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u5766\u5676\u5c3c\u5580\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u52a8\uff1a\u6c89\u9ed8\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5728\u5766\u5676\u5c3c\u5580\u72ec\u7acb\u524d\u5915\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0a\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u5357\u4e9a\u79fb\u6c11\u62e5\u6709\u591a\u91cd\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e2\u62e5\u6709\u5766\u5676\u5c3c\u5580\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u81e3\u6c11\uff08British Subjects\uff09\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u4e5f\u62e5\u6709\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u5766\u5676\u5c3c\u55801957\u5e74\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u7ea627000\u540d\u5357\u4e9a\u7537\u6027\u548c23500\u540d\u5357\u4e9a\u5973\u6027\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u81e3\u6c11\uff0c\u7ea611500\u540d\u5357\u4e9a\u7537\u6027\u548c11000\u540d\u5357\u4e9a\u5973\u6027\u5c5e\u4e8e\u53d7\u82f1\u56fd\u4fdd\u62a4\u8005\uff08British Protected Persons\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4f4d\u9521\u514b\u5546\u4eba\u89e3\u91ca\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5357\u4e9a\u4eba\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d7\u76ca\u4e8e\u6b96\u6c11\u673a\u6784\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u638c\u6743\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u5229\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ed6\u4eec\u62d2\u7edd\u653e\u5f03\u82f1\u56fd\u62a4\u7167\u3002\u5728\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u662f\u6700\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u201d\u3002\u5728\u5766\u5676\u5c3c\u5580\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c11\u6570\u5370\u5ea6\u88d4\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5206\u5b50\u5bf9\u6b64\u8868\u793a\u79ef\u6781\u652f\u6301\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u6ee1\u4e8e\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u5370\u5ea6\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u9650\u5236\u4ee5\u53ca\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u906d\u9047\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u6b67\u89c6\uff08\u5982\u653f\u6cbb\u4ee3\u8868\u6743\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u5de5\u8d44\u4f4e\u4e8e\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u4ee5\u53ca\u65e0\u6cd5\u62c5\u4efb\u9ad8\u7ea7\u804c\u4f4d\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u72ec\u7acb\u83b7\u53d6\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4e9a\u6d32\u534f\u4f1a\uff08Asian Association\uff09\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u5766\u5676\u5c3c\u5580\u975e\u6d32\u534f\u4f1a(Tanganyika African Association\uff0cTAA\uff0c\u540e\u6539\u540d\u4e3a\u5766\u5676\u5c3c\u5580\u975e\u6d32\u6c11\u65cf\u8054\u76df\uff09\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u6597\u4e89\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u4eec\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u653f\u6cbb\u52a8\u5458\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u5766\u5676\u5c3c\u5580\u975e\u6d32\u6c11\u65cf\u8054\u76df\uff08Tanganyika African National Union\uff0cTANU\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\u5766\u76df\uff09\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u6731\u5229\u53f6\u65af\u00b7\u5c3c\u96f7\u5c14\uff08Julius Nyerere\uff09\u7b49\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u826f\u597d\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u57281958-1959\u5e74\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\uff0c\u5766\u76df\u63d0\u540d\u4e8610\u4f4d\u5370\u5ea6\u88d4\u7684\u5019\u9009\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dA.H.\u8d3e\u9a6c\u5c14\uff08A. H. Jamal\uff09\u3001K. L.\u6770\u5f17\u91cc\uff08K. L. Jhaveri\uff09\u3001M.N.\u62c9\u5766\u585e\uff08M. N. Rattansey\uff09\u4e09\u4f4d\u6210\u529f\u5f53\u9009\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e9a\u6d32\u534f\u4f1a\u547c\u5401\u5357\u4e9a\u4eba\u53c2\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u4f46\u4f17\u591a\u5357\u4e9a\u4eba\u62c5\u5fc3\u4ed6\u4eec\u539f\u672c\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5730\u4f4d\u53d7\u5230\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9664\u4e86A.H.\u8d3e\u9a6c\u5c14\uff08A. H. Jamal\uff09\u3001M.N.\u62c9\u5766\u585e\uff08M. N. Rattansey\uff09\u3001\u7d22\u83f2\u4e9a\u00b7\u7a46\u65af\u5854\u6cd5\uff08Sophia Mustafa\uff09\u7b49\u5c11\u6570\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u5bf9\u5766\u5676\u5c3c\u5580\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u52a8\u4fdd\u6301\u6c89\u9ed8\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u516c\u5f00\u5ba3\u79f0\u652f\u6301\u5766\u76df\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5357\u4e9a\u4eba\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6743\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0e\u5e73\u6c11\u8131\u8282\uff0c\u5bf9\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u6301\u6709\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u666e\u904d\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u5357\u4e9a\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u6709\u5173\u300a1961\u5e74\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08Civil Right Act of 1961\uff09\u7684\u8fa9\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u9891\u7e41\u5bf9\u5357\u4e9a\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u8d28\u7591\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5766\u5676\u5c3c\u558075%\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u4ecd\u7136\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u52a3\u7b49\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u8fd9\u6837\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u767d\u4eba\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u4e00\u76f4\u652f\u914d\u7740\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u90bb\u5c45\u4e9a\u6d32\u4eba\u4e5f\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u652f\u914d\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u201d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u8bae\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u4e88\u672c\u5c31\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u4eab\u6709\u7279\u6743\u7684\u975e\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4eba\u4ee5\u516c\u6c11\u8d44\u683c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u975e\u6d32\u5de5\u4eba\u88ab\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5265\u524a\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5766\u5676\u5c3c\u5580\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u6c11\u5e94\u8be5\u6210\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u3002\u800c\u5c11\u6570\u65cf\u88d4\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u540c\u5316\u4e3a\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u8fd8\u8d28\u7591\u5357\u4e9a\u4eba\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\u5ea6\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5357\u4e9a\u4eba\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u201c\u4e00\u53ea\u811a\u5728\u5766\u5676\u5c3c\u5580\uff0c\u4e00\u53ea\u811a\u5728\u5b5f\u4e70\u201d\uff08have one leg in Tanganyika and one in Bombay\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u5766\u76df\u547c\u5401\u79cd\u65cf\u5e73\u7b49\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u5c06\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u4e0e\u80a4\u8272\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5766\u5676\u5c3c\u5580\u4eba\u618e\u6068\u7684\u5e76\u975e\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u6216\u4e9a\u6d32\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u6b96\u6c11\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u5c3c\u96f7\u5c14\u4e5f\u66fe\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u79ef\u6781\u89e3\u51b3\u5766\u5676\u5c3c\u5580\u8513\u5ef6\u7684\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9636\u5c42\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u79cd\u65cf\u201d\uff08Economic classes are also identical with race\uff09\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u8bae\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u6606\u8fea\u4e9a\uff08Kundya\uff09\u8fd8\u63d0\u9192\u6c11\u4f17\u5173\u6ce8\u90a3\u4e9b\u652f\u6301\u5766\u76df\u72ec\u7acb\u6597\u4e89\u4e2d\u7684\u5357\u4e9a\u4eba\u548c\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\uff0c\u201c\u672c\u5c4a\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u4e9a\u6d32\u4eba\u548c\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u90fd\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5766\u76df\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u6240\u6709\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u6216\u6240\u6709\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u90fd\u53cd\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u771f\u7684\u5417\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u3002\u201d\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u5357\u4e9a\u79fb\u6c11\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6743\u76ca\u548c\u4eba\u8eab\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u5e76\u672a\u5c31\u6b64\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bae\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5357\u4e9a\u7537\u6027\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u6a21\u5f0f\u611f\u5230\u62c5\u5fe7\uff0c\u201c\u5766\u5676\u5c3c\u5580\u5927\u7ea6\u670980000\u540d\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u2026\u2026\u5927\u7ea6\u670920000\u540d\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u5c06\u524d\u5f80\u5370\u5ea6\u7ed3\u5a5a\u5e76\u5c0620000\u540d\u5370\u5ea6\u5987\u5973\u5e26\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u62c5\u5fc3\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u4e88\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5370\u5ea6\u5987\u5973\u4ee5\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5766\u5676\u5c3c\u5580\u5c06\u4f1a\u627f\u8f7d\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u538b\u529b\u3002\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6743\u76ca\u65b9\u9762\uff0c1961\u5e74\u300a\u5766\u5676\u5c3c\u5580\u516c\u6c11\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08Tanganyika Citizenship Bill of 1961\uff09\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u5f53\u5c40\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u7981\u6b62\u5c06\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4eba\u6301\u6709\u7684\u571f\u5730\u8f6c\u8ba9\u7ed9\u975e\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5357\u4e9a\u5546\u4eba\u906d\u5230\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u201c\u4e0d\u8981\u8bd5\u56fe\u963b\u6320\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4eba\u8fdb\u5165\u5546\u4e1a\u9886\u57df\u201d\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u521a\u679c\uff08\u91d1\uff09\u7684\u5357\u4e9a\u5e97\u4e3b\u906d\u88ad\u4e5f\u8ba9\u5728\u5766\u5676\u5c3c\u5580\u7684\u5357\u4e9a\u4eba\u611f\u5230\u6050\u60e7\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u5728\u72ec\u7acb\u540e\u5c06\u6ca1\u6536\u5176\u4ed6\u79cd\u65cf\u8d22\u4ea7\u7684\u8c23\u8a00\u751a\u56a3\u5c18\u4e0a\u30021964\u5e74\uff0c\u9a7b\u624e\u5728\u8fbe\u7d2f\u65af\u8428\u62c9\u59c6\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u58eb\u5175\u56e0\u4e3a\u85aa\u8d44\u5f85\u9047\u4e0d\u6ee1\u800c\u717d\u52a8\u66b4\u4e71\uff0c\u62a2\u52ab\u4e86\u5357\u4e9a\u4eba\u548c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u7684\u5546\u5e97\u3002\u59c6\u4e07\u624e\u548c\u963f\u9c81\u6c99\u7b49\u5730\u4e5f\u62a5\u9053\u4e86\u9488\u5bf9\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u548c\u5357\u4e9a\u4eba\u7684\u62a2\u52ab\u548c\u66b4\u529b\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61\u8ba9\u5357\u4e9a\u5c45\u6c11\u5bf9\u4e8e\u672c\u571f\u5316\u548c\u975e\u6d32\u5316\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u5b89\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u82f1\u56fd\u8eab\u4efd\u662f\u6700\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u6851\u7ed9\u5df4\u5c14\u9769\u547d\uff1a\u6d41\u6563\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6851\u7ed9\u5df4\u5c14\u5728\u72ec\u7acb\u521d\u671f\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u541b\u4e3b\u7acb\u5baa\u5236\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u7d20\u4e39\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5143\u9996\uff0c\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u653f\u5e9c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u72ec\u7acb\u540e\u79cd\u65cf\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u9636\u7ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u65e5\u76ca\u7d27\u5f20\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5236\u5ea6\u672a\u80fd\u957f\u4e45\u6301\u7eed\u30021964\u5e741\u670812\u65e5\uff0c\u975e\u6d32-\u8bbe\u62c9\u5b50\u515a\uff08Afro-Shirazi Party, ASP\uff09\u4e0e\u4eba\u6c11\u515a\uff08Umma Party\uff09\u9886\u5bfc\u4e86\u6851\u7ed9\u5df4\u5c14\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e86\u7d20\u4e39\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u5e76\u5ba3\u79f0\u8981\u6d88\u9664\u5357\u4e9a\u4eba\u548c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u4f18\u8d8a\u611f\u548c\u9636\u7ea7\u7279\u6743\u3002\u5728\u9769\u547d\u671f\u95f4\u548c\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5357\u4e9a\u4eba\u4ee5\u53ca\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u540e\u88d4\u906d\u5230\u6781\u7aef\u4ec7\u6068\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u62a5\u590d\u3002\u9646\u519b\u5143\u5e05\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u5965\u51ef\u6d1b\uff08John Okello\uff09\u5ba3\u79f0\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u90fd\u5f88\u53cb\u597d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u7684\u4f0a\u65af\u739b\u4eea\u6d3e\u548c\u67d0\u4e9b\u5370\u5ea6\u88d4\u4ee5\u53ca\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u88d4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201d\u636e\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u6851\u7ed9\u5df4\u5c14\u9769\u547d\u8fd0\u52a8\u671f\u95f4\u6709500\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u591a\u6570\u662f\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u548c\u5357\u4e9a\u4eba\u3002\u9769\u547d\u540e\uff0c\u5357\u4e9a\u4eba\u548c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u52a8\u4ea7\u548c\u4e0d\u52a8\u4ea7\u90fd\u88ab\u653f\u5e9c\u63a5\u7ba1\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4ec0\u53f6\u6d3e\u5987\u5973\u56de\u5fc6\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u90a3\u65f6\u4eba\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u94f6\u884c\u8d26\u6237\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u628a\u6240\u6709\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u653e\u5728\u5bb6\u91cc\u2026\u2026\u6211\u8bb0\u5f97\u5f88\u591a\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u5f3a\u884c\u8fdb\u5165\u5356\u96f6\u98df\u7684\u8d2b\u7a77\u5357\u4e9a\u4eba\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5403\u6389\u6240\u6709\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece\u4e0d\u4ed8\u94b1\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165\u5546\u5e97\uff0c\u62ff\u8d70\u8863\u670d\u3001\u73e0\u5b9d\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e00\u5206\u94b1\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4ed8\u5c31\u8d70\u4e86\u2026\u2026\u6709\u65f6\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u559d\u9189\uff0c\u95ef\u8fdb\u4ec0\u53f6\u6d3e\u6bcf\u5468\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u96c6\u4f1a\uff08Mehfil-e-Abbas\uff09\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u968f\u610f\u5c04\u51fb\u3002\u6211\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eb2\u621a\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u67aa\u51fb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4e27\u751f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

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1967\u5e74\uff0c\u79c1\u8425\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u56fd\u6709\u5316\u4e25\u91cd\u6253\u51fb\u4e86\u5370\u5ea6\u5546\u4eba\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u653f\u5e9c\u5411\u56fd\u6709\u5316\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u539f\u6240\u6709\u8005\u652f\u4ed8\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d54\u507f\u91d1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5927\u91cf\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e4c\u8d3e\u9a6c\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u51fa\u53f0\u800c\u79bb\u5f00\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u30021968\u5e74\u81f31969\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc715\u4e07\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u4e1c\u975e\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u5458\u66fe\u5728\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u6280\u672f\u3001\u516c\u5171\u548c\u79c1\u8425\u90e8\u95e8\u4efb\u804c\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c\u9080\u8bf7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4eba\u7fa4\u8fd4\u56de\u7956\u56fd\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3b\u8981\u8fc1\u5f80\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u3001\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b49\u56fd\u30021971\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u6709\u5316\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4f4f\u623f\u90e8\u957f\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u54c8\u7ef4\u5c14\uff08John Mhaville\uff09\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u654c\u4eba\u52a0\u4ee5\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u4f4f\u623f\u7684\u4eba\u662f\u5265\u524a\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u79df\u6237\u662f\u88ab\u5265\u524a\u8005\u201d\u3002\u5c3c\u96f7\u5c14\u4e5f\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u201c\u5730\u4e3b\u6240\u6709\u5236\u662f\u5077\u76d7\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u5c3c\u96f7\u5c14\u540e\u6765\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u72ec\u7acb\u65f6\u522b\u65e0\u9009\u62e9\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5982\u679c\u628a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7559\u7ed9\u79c1\u8425\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u5b8c\u5168\u53d8\u6210\u4e9a\u6d32\u4eba\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u79cd\u65cf\u51b2\u7a81\u201d\u30021972\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f4f\u623f\u516c\u53f8\uff08National Housing Corporation\uff0cNHC\uff09\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u56fd\u6709\u5316\u6ce2\u53ca\u5230\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\u548c\u5361\u91cc\u4e9a\u5e93\u8857\u533a\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u4e1a\u4e3b\u30021983\u5e74\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7834\u574f\u6cd5\u300b\uff08Economic Sabotage Act\uff09\u51fa\u53f0\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u6253\u51fb\u5b9e\u65bd\u8bc8\u9a97\u548c\u8d70\u79c1\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u5546\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63aa\u65bd\u4e25\u91cd\u6467\u6bc1\u4e86\u5357\u4e9a\u4eba\u5728\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7684\u4ea7\u4e1a\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u5357\u4e9a\u88d4\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4eba\u4ecd\u5c06\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89c6\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u906d\u53d7\u8feb\u5bb3\u7684\u5178\u578b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e4c\u8d3e\u9a6c\u653f\u7b56\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5370\u5ea6\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5728\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7684\u201c\u6d88\u4ea1\u201d\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7684\u56fd\u6709\u5316\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5357\u4e9a\u5bb6\u5ead\u9009\u62e9\u79fb\u5c45\u56fd\u5916\u3002\u66fe\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u62c5\u4efb\u82f1\u56fd\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u8fbe\u7d2f\u65af\u8428\u62c9\u59c6\u529e\u4e8b\u5904\u9996\u5e2d\u9884\u8ba2\u5b98\u7684\u963f\u8d6b\u8fc8\u5fb7\u00b7\u53f6\u6d77\u4e9a\uff08Ahmed Yahya\uff09\u56de\u5fc6\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u300a\u5efa\u7b51\u6536\u8d2d\u6cd5\u300b\uff08Building Acquisition Act\uff09\u9881\u5e03\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u4e09\u4e2a\u6708\u5185\u67094\u4e07\u540d\u5357\u4e9a\u4eba\u79bb\u5f00\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u524d\u5f80\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u6301\u6709\u82f1\u56fd\u62a4\u7167\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u5f92\u548c\u9521\u514b\u6559\u5f92\u6392\u961f\u9886\u53d6\u79fb\u6c11\u5238\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u6d77\u5916\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u6d77\u5916\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u8fbe\u6210\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u5411\u8d2d\u4e70\u79fb\u6c11\u5238\u7684\u4eba\u6536\u53d66000\u5148\u4ee4\uff08\u8fbe\u7d2f\u65af\u8428\u62c9\u59c6-\u4f26\u6566\uff09\u7684\u5ec9\u4ef7\u7968\u4ef7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u7968\u4ef7\u4e0d\u662f\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5bf9\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6700\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u5e26\u5230\u82f1\u56fd\u3002\u201d\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e5f\u5341\u5206\u591a\u6837\u3002\u4ece\u8d22\u4ea7\u53d7\u635f\u7684\u5546\u4eba\u5230\u719f\u7ec3\u5de5\u4eba\u548c\u9000\u4f11\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u201c\u51e0\u4e4e\u4eba\u4eba\u90fd\u9003\uff01\u5728\u5c11\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u6ca1\u6709\u73b0\u91d1\u7684\u4eba\u4f1a\u501f\u8d37\u79bb\u5f00\u8fd9\u91cc\u3002\u975e\u6cd5\u8d2d\u4e70\u5916\u5e01\u548c\u51fa\u53e3\u8d27\u7269\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fdd\u53cd\u6b63\u5f0f\u5408\u540c\u9003\u8d70\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u51e0\u4e4e\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u201d\u3002\u79fb\u5c45\u6d77\u5916\u7684\u5357\u4e9a\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e5f\u56e0\u6761\u4ef6\u9650\u5236\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u539f\u6709\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u585e\u897f\u5c14\u00b7\u739b\u4e3d\u00b7\u65af\u5361\u4e4c\u00b7\u5e15\u52d2\u68ee\uff08Cecil Marie Schou Pallesen\uff09\u66fe\u4e8e2013\u5e74\u8d70\u8bbf\u8fc7\u4ece\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u642c\u5230\u4f26\u6566\u7684\u5357\u4e9a\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u8ff0\u5728\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u83ab\u5e0c\uff08Moshi\uff09\u65f6\u7ecf\u5e38\u53c2\u52a0\u96c6\u4f1a\u548c\u793c\u62dc\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u4f26\u6566\u7684\u8006\u90a3\u6559\u5bfa\u5e99\u79bb\u4ed6\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u4f4f\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5f88\u8fdc\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b81\u53ef\u5446\u5728\u5bb6\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u56e0\u800c\u57281995\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u672c\u571f\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u5174\u8d77\u30021995\u5e74\u81f32005\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5a92\u4f53\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u6709\u5173\u65b0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u653f\u7b56\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4e4c\u624e\u74e6\u201d\uff08Uzawa\uff09\uff0c\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u672c\u571f\u5316\u201d\u3002\u201c\u4e4c\u624e\u74e6\u201d\u901a\u5e38\u6307\u5bf9\u5927\u5bb6\u5ead\u6216\u6c0f\u65cf\u7684\u5f52\u5c5e\u611f\uff0c\u5728\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u72ec\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u672c\u571f\u516c\u6c11\u9010\u6e10\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u79f0\u201cwazawa\u201d\uff08mzawa\u7684\u590d\u6570\uff09\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u8be5\u8bcd\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e1995\u5e74\uff0c\u5373\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u9996\u6b21\u6062\u590d\u4e3e\u884c\u591a\u515a\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5de5\u515a\uff08Tanzania Labour Party\uff0cTLP\uff09\u4e3b\u5e2d\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u00b7\u59c6\u96f7\u739b\uff08Augustine Mrema\uff09\u5728\u540c\u5e745\u6708\u7684\u516c\u4f17\u96c6\u4f1a\u4e0a\u63d0\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u00b7\u59c6\u96f7\u739b\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e4c\u624e\u74e6\u653f\u7b56\u65e8\u5728\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5168\u4f53\u4eba\u6c11\u5728\u5546\u4e1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u65b9\u9762\u673a\u4f1a\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u94f6\u884c\u8d37\u6b3e\u6765\u4fdd\u969c\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u6240\u6709\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5176\u51fa\u8eab\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5730\u4f4d\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u90fd\u62e5\u6709\u5171\u4eab\u672c\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u679c\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\uff08Democratic Party\uff0cDP\uff09\u6210\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u8bae\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7ecf\u6d4e\u672c\u571f\u5316\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u515a\u3002\u8be5\u515a\u9886\u8896\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u5f17\u00b7\u59c6\u8482\u57fa\u62c9\uff08Christopher Mtikila\uff09\u5ba3\u79f0\u8981\u5b9e\u65bd\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u4e4c\u624e\u74e6\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4e25\u683c\u9650\u5236\u975e\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u672c\u571f\u4eba\u6301\u6709\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u201cuzawa\u201d\u7531\u539f\u5148\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\u5f52\u5c5e\u7528\u8bed\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8bc9\u6c42\uff0c\u5373\u4f18\u5148\u8003\u8651\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u672c\u571f\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u6392\u9664\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u4ee5\u53ca\u5357\u4e9a\u88d4\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4eba\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e4c\u624e\u74e6\u653f\u7b56\u968f\u540e\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u8bf8\u591a\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u63a2\u8ba8\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u58eb\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u63a8\u884c\u4e4c\u624e\u74e6\u653f\u7b56\u6216\u5c06\u5f3a\u5316\u653f\u5546\u52fe\u7ed3\uff0c\u5438\u5f15\u653f\u5ba2\u4eec\u5728\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u6295\u673a\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u653e\u624b\u4e00\u640f\u3002\u53e6\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u58eb\u8ba4\u4e3a\u652f\u6301\u4e4c\u624e\u74e6\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u653f\u5ba2\u548c\u53cd\u5bf9\u515a\u5b9e\u9645\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8d62\u5f97\u5f53\u5730\u5c0f\u578b\u79c1\u8425\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u7684\u9009\u7968\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u653f\u5e9c\u6839\u636e\u5baa\u6cd5\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u56e2\u7ed3\u548c\u5e73\u7b49\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5ba3\u5e03\u201cuzawa\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u4e3a\u975e\u6cd5\u7528\u8bed\uff0c\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u516c\u4f17\u7ee7\u7eed\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c06\u53d7\u5230\u60e9\u7f5a\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6cd5\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u9ad8\u7b49\u5b66\u9662\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u9a6c\u745e-\u5965\u5fb7\u00b7\u5bcc\u57c3\u96f7\uff08Marie-Aude Fou\u00e9r\u00e9\uff09\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u6b64\u4e3e\u4e00\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u610f\u5728\u538b\u5236\u53cd\u5bf9\u515a\u7684\u8206\u8bba\u9020\u52bf\uff0c\u4e8c\u5219\u6216\u8bb8\u6709\u5357\u4e9a\u88d4\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u901a\u8fc7\u91d1\u94b1\u4ea4\u6613\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u6267\u653f\u515a\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u518d\u5219\u653f\u5e9c\u5f53\u5c40\u6216\u8bb8\u501f\u6b64\u5c06\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7684\u79ef\u5f0a\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e8e\u5357\u4e9a\u5546\u4eba\uff0c\u8f6c\u79fb\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u8150\u8d25\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5357\u4e9a\u88d4\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e38\u5e38\u56de\u5fc6\u8d77\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u79fb\u6c11\u5982\u4f55\u52aa\u529b\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u79ef\u7d2f\u8d44\u91d1\u548c\u9632\u8303\u653f\u6cbb\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0e\u201c\u61d2\u60f0\u201d\u7684\u975e\u88d4\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5357\u4e9a\u88d4\u5546\u4eba\u4e5f\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u6b67\u89c6\u5176\u4ed6\u65cf\u88d4\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u6a21\u8303\u7684\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u516c\u6c11\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u88d4\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5357\u4e9a\u88d4\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5bcc\u88d5\u7684\u5546\u4eba\uff0c\u975e\u88d4\u5219\u591a\u4ece\u4e8b\u670d\u52a1\u5458\u3001\u53a8\u5e08\u3001\u88c1\u7f1d\u3001\u5c0f\u8d29\u6216\u4fdd\u5b89\u7b49\u85aa\u6c34\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u3002\u5357\u4e9a\u88d4\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4eba\u5e38\u5e38\u81ea\u8ff0\u4ed6\u4eec\u7528\u201c\u4e24\u53ea\u811a\u201d\uff08two feet\uff09\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u201c\u4e00\u53ea\u811a\u7559\u5728\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u201d(one foot is still in Tanzania ), \u201c\u53e6\u4e00\u53ea\u811a\u7559\u6709\u9000\u8def\u201d\uff08keeping a foot in the door\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4e94\u3001\u5c0f\u7ed3\u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5357\u4e9a\u79fb\u6c11<\/h2>\n

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\u4ed6\u4eec\u65f6\u523b\u4fdd\u6301\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u7ef4\u7cfb\u7740\u5168\u7403\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u4e3a\u5e94\u5bf9\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u98ce\u9669\u9884\u7559\u4e86\u9000\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\uff1a1.Bertz, Ned. Diaspora and Nation in The Indian Ocean: Transnational Histories of Race and Urban Space in Tanzania. University of Hawaii Press, 2017, pp. 16, 17-18, 66, 68, 68-69, 75-76, 82.2.Dronova, Daria A. \u201cHistorical Memory and Current Status of Indians in Tanzania.\u201d The Omnipresent Past. Historical Anthropology of Africa and Af<\/p>\n

rican Diaspora (2019), pp.369-370, 372.3.East African Royal Commission 1953\u20131955, Report. 1956. London: Her Majesty\u2019s Stationery Office. quoted in Dronova, Daria A. \u201cHistorical memory and current status of Indians in Tanzania.\u201d The Omnipresent Past. Historical Anthropology of Africa and African Diaspora (2019), p.373.4.Fou\u00e9r\u00e9, Marie-Aude. \u201cIndians are Exploiters and Africans Idlers!<\/p>\n

The Production of Racial Categories and Socio-Economic Issues in Tanzania.\u201d Indian Africa: Minorities of Indian-Pakistani Origin in Eastern Africa (2013).5.Gilman, Clement. \u201cDar es Salaam, 1860 to 1940: A Story of Growth and Change.\u201d Tanganyika Notes and Records 20 (1945), p. 20-21 quoted in Bertz, Ned. Diaspora and Nation in the Indian O<\/p>\n

cean: Transnational Histories of Race and Urban Space in Tanzania. University of Hawaii Press, 2017, p.18.6.Gregory, Robert G. \u201cSouth Asians in East Africa: An Economic and Social History, 1890-1980\u201d. quoted in Nagar, Richa. \u201cThe South Asian Diaspora in Tanzania: A History Retold.\u201d Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle<\/p>\n

East 16.2 (1996), p.63, 84.7.Gregory, Robert G. \u201cSouth Asians in East Africa: An Economic and Social History, 1890-1980\u201d. p.484 quoted in Streit, Katie Valliere. \u201cSouth Asian Entrepreneurs in The Automotive Age: Negotiating A Place of Belonging in Colonial and Post-Colonial Tanzania.\u201d Journal of Eastern African Studies 13.3 (2019), p.529.<\/p>\n

8.Gregory, Robert G. Quest for Equality: Asian Politics in East Africa, 1900-1967. Orient Blackswan, 1993.9.Kamaliza, in Assembly Debates, p. 364, quoted in Nagar, Richa. Making and Breaking Boundaries: Identity Politics among South Asians in Post-Colonial Dar es Salaam. PhD diss., University of Minnesota, 1995, p.78.10.Mbilinyi, M. L. \u201cE<\/p>\n

xperience in Schooling and Teacher Training\u201d in Education for Liberation and Development: The Tanzanian Experience, edited by H. Hinzen and V. H. Hundsdorfer, Hamburg: UNESCO Institute for Education, 1979, p.83, quoted in Bertz, Ned. Diaspora and Nation in the Indian Ocean: Transnational Histories of Race and Urban Space in Tanzania. Univ<\/p>\n

ersity of Hawaii Press, 2017, p.81.11.Morris-Hale, British Administration in Tanganyika from 1920\u20131954, PhD diss., University of Geneva, 1969, quoted in Mbilinyi, M. L. \u201cExperience in Schooling and Teacher Training\u201d in Education for Liberation and Development: The Tanzanian Experience, edited by H. Hinzen and V. H. Hundsdorfer, Hamburg: U<\/p>\n

NESCO Institute for Education, 1979, pp.79-80.12.Mr. Kundya, in Assembly Debates: 10th-20th Oct, 1961, p. 359, quoted in Nagar, Richa. Making and Breaking Boundaries: Identity Politics among South Asians in Post-Colonial Dar es Salaam. PhD diss., University of Minnesota, 1995, p.78.13.Mr. Mtaki, in Assembly Debates: 10th-20th Oct, p. 312,<\/p>\n

quoted in Nagar, Richa. Making and Breaking Boundaries: Identity Politics among South Asians in Post-Colonial Dar es Salaam. PhD diss., University of Minnesota, 1995, p.78.14.Mr. Mtaki, in Assembly Debates: 10th-20th Oct, p. 312, quoted in Nagar, Richa. Making and Breaking Boundaries: Identity Politics among South Asians in Post-Colonial<\/p>\n

Dar es Salaam. University of Minnesota, 1995, p.78.15.Mr. Mwakangale, in Assembly Debates: 10th-20th Oct. 1961, p. 329, quoted in Nagar, Richa. Making and Breaking Boundaries: Identity Politics among South Asians in Post-Colonial Dar es Salaam. PhD diss., University of Minnesota, 1995, p.78.16.Nagar, Richa. \u201cCommunal Discourses, Marriage,<\/p>\n

and the Politics of Gendered Social Boundaries Among South Asian Immigrants in Tanzania.\u201d Gender, Place and Culture: A Journal of Feminist Geography 5.2 (1998), p.131.17.Nagar, Richa. \u201cThe South Asian Diaspora in Tanzania: A History Retold.\u201d Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 16.2 (1996), pp.63, 64, 67, 73.18.Na<\/p>\n

gar, Richa. Making and Breaking Boundaries: Identity Politics among South Asians in Post-Colonial Dar es Salaam. University of Minnesota, 1995, pp.47, 81, 84, 90, 91.19.Nyerere in Assembly Debates: 10th-20th Oct. 1961, p. 335, quoted in Nagar, Richa. Making and Breaking Boundaries: Identity Politics among South Asians in Post-Colonial Dar<\/p>\n

es Salaam. PhD diss., University of Minnesota, 1995, p.78.20.Nyerere\u2019s speech on building expropriation, 23 April 1971, quoted in Brennan, James R. Taifa: Making Nation and Race in Urban Tanzania. Ohio University Press, 2012.21.Pallesen, Cecil Marie Schou. \u201cHolding on and Letting Go: Tanzanian Indians\u2019 Responses to Impermanence.\u201d Imperman<\/p>\n

ence (2022), pp. 83, 94.22.Schou Pallesen, Cecil Marie. \u201c\u2018Two feet\u2019 as citizenship strategy: An Anthropological Perspective on Instrumental Approaches to Citizenship among People of Indian Origin in Tanzania.\u201d Journal of the Indian Ocean Region 13.3 (2017), pp. 297-310.23.Shivji, Issa G. Class Struggles in Tanzania. London: Heinemann, 197<\/p>\n

6, p.82.24.Short, in Assembly Debates, p. 346, quoted in Nagar, Richa. Making and Breaking Boundaries: Identity Politics among South Asians in Post-Colonial Dar es Salaam. PhD diss., University of Minnesota, 1995, p.78.25.Tanzania government\uff0c1997\uff0cquoted in Pallesen, Cecil Marie Schou.\u201cHolding on and Letting Go: Tanzanian Indians\u2019 Response<\/p>\n

s to Impermanence.\u201d Impermanence (2022): 83.26.TUKI, \u201cuzawa\u201d\uff0cKamusi ya Kiswahili Sanifu, Oxford University Press, 2019, p.712.27.Unknown, \u201cDer Ruin des Schwarzen\u201d, Deutsch-Ostafrikanische Zeitung, 10 June 1899, I\/15 edition, p.1 quoted in Illert, Otis. Settler and Administration Antagonism in Colonial German East Africa, 1885-1925. Diss.<\/p>\n

2023, p.123.28.Unknown, Mambo Leo, February 1953, \u201cKijana aliyekwenda kununua nguo dukani kwa Mhindi\u201d, quoted in Bertz, Ned. Diaspora and Nation in The Indian Ocean: Transnational Histories of Race and Urban Space in Tanzania. University of Hawaii Press, 2017, p.81.29.Unknown, Mambo Leo, January 1948, \u201cSafari ya mwanarumango ya Wazaramo U<\/p>\n

nion Dar es Salaam\u201d, quoted in Bertz, Ned. Diaspora and Nation in The Indian Ocean: Transnational Histories of Race and Urban Space in Tanzania. University of Hawaii Press, 2017, p.81.30.Unknown, Nationalist, 23 April 1971, quoted in Brennan, James R. Taifa: Making Nation and Race in Urban Tanzania. Ohio University Press, 2012.31.Unknown,<\/p>\n

Second Reading of the Tanganyika Citizenship Bill, in Assembly Debates, December 1. 1961. pp. 77-88, quoted in Nagar, Richa. Making And Breaking Boundaries: Identity Politics among South Asians in Post-Colonial Dar es Salaam. University of Minnesota, 1995, p.79.32.Unknown, Statistical Abstract, 1965 quoted in Nagar, Richa. \u201cThe South Asia<\/p>\n

n Diaspora in Tanzania: A History Retold.\u201d Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 16.2 (1996), p.64.33.Unknown, Tanganyika Standard, (date not available), clipping entitled \u201cKahama Raps [Upon Merchants] Trying to thwart African advance\u201d taken from the Daily News Archives. Folder No. A57XA.2b, quoted in Nagar, Richa.<\/p>\n

Making and Breaking Boundaries: Identity Politics among South Asians in Post-Colonial Dar es Salaam. University of Minnesota, 1995, p.79.34.Unknown, Tanganyika Standard. April 14, 1964. 66, quoted in Nagar, Richa. Making and Breaking Boundaries: Identity Politics among South Asians in Post-Colonial Dar es Salaam. University of Minnesota,<\/p>\n

1995, p.52.35.Unknown, Tanganyika Standard. August 5. 7 and 17. 1960. Also. see. \u201cToday in History\u201d column in Daily News. August 14, 1993, quoted in Nagar, Richa. Making and Breaking Boundaries: Identity Politics among South Asians in Post-Colonial Dar es Salaam. University of Minnesota, 1995, p.79.36.Unknown, Tanganyika Standard. January<\/p>\n

17, 1964, quoted in Nagar, Richa. Making and Breaking Boundaries: Identity Politics among South Asians in Post-Colonial Dar es Salaam. University of Minnesota, 1995, p.81.37.Unknown, Tanganyika Standard. January 21. 23, 24 and 26, 1964;<\/p>\n

April 28. 1964, quoted in Nagar, Richa. Making and Breaking Boundaries: Identity Politics among South Asians in Post-Colonial Dar es Salaam. University of Minnesota, 1995, p.80.<\/p>\n

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