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style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u793e\u533a\u4e5f\u6210\u4e86\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u52b3\u5de5\u79fb\u6c11\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u627f\u7684\u573a\u6240\uff0c\u52b3\u5de5\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4fdd\u6301\u548c\u4f20\u627f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u4f20\u7edf\u4e60\u4fd7\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"margin:1.8em 0 .75em;padding-left:12px;border-left:4px solid #2f5d9f;font-size:1.18em;line-height:1.55;font-weight:700;color:#14213d;\">\u4e09\u3001\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u52b3\u5de5\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u52a8\u56e0\u53ca\u5f71\u54cd\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u52b3\u5de5\u9009\u62e9\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u52a8\u56e0\u4e3b\u8981\u6e90\u4e8e\u591a\u91cd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5bf9\u4f4f<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u5728\u56fd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u673a\u9047\u3002\u672c\u90e8\u5206\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u6790\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u52b3\u5de5\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u52a8\u56e0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u52b3\u5de5\u79fb\u6c11\u5bf9\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u56fd\u5185\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u52b3\u5de5\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u52a8\u56e0\u7ed3\u5408\u65b0\u53e4\u5178\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u79fb\u6c11\u7406\u8bba\uff08Neoclassical Economics\uff09\u548c\u65b0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u79fb\u6c11\u7406\u8bba\uff08The New Economics of Migration\uff09\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5de5\u8d44\u5dee\u8ddd\u5927\u4e8e\u8fc1\u79fb\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u8fc1\u79fb\uff0c\u524d\u5f80\u6d77\u5916\u52a1\u5de5\u662f\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u52b3\u5de5\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u5bb6\u5ead\u6536\u76ca\u6700\u5927\u5316\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e3a\u4e86\u89c4\u907f\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u6536\u5165\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5bb6\u5ead\u6210\u5458\u9001\u5230\u56fd\u5916\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5e02\u573a\u53bb\uff0c\u5bb6\u5ead\u6210\u5458\u7684\u8fc1\u79fb\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u4f7f\u8be5\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u6536\u5165\u6709\u6240\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u80fd\u63d0\u9ad8\u5176\u5bb6\u5ead\u5728\u5f53\u5730\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e0e\u65b0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u79fb\u6c11\u7406\u8bba\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u56fd\u7684\u9ad8\u6536\u5165\u662f\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5de5\u4eba\u505a\u51fa\u521d\u59cb\u79fb\u6c11\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u9a71\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u79fb\u6c11\u51b3\u7b56\u5927\u591a\u662f\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u5171\u540c\u505a\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e2a\u4f53\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u65b0\u53e4\u5178\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u52b3\u5de5\u524d\u5f80\u6d77\u5916\u52a1\u5de5\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u529b\u66f4\u591a\u6765\u81ea\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002\u5728\u6d77\u6e7e\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u6761\u4ef6\u8fdc\u8fdc\u4e0d\u53ca\u5f53\u5730\u5c45\u6c11\u548c\u767d\u79cd\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u6536\u5165\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f83\u597d\u5730\u6539\u5584\u56fd\u5185\u5bb6\u5ead\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u5176\u56de\u56fd\u540e\u7684\u957f\u671f\u751f\u6d3b\u6253\u4e0b\u4e86\u7269\u8d28\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u83b1\u6587\u65af\u5766\uff08E.G.Ravenstein\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u63a8\u62c9\u6a21\u578b\u201d\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u89e3\u91ca\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u52b3\u5de5\u79fb\u6c11\u8fc1\u79fb\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u3002\u539f\u4f4f\u5730\u7684\u201c\u63a8\u529b\u201d\u548c\u79fb\u5165\u5730\u7684\u201c\u62c9\u529b\u201d\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u52b3\u5de5\u7684\u5411\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u201c\u63a8\u529b\u201d\u662f\u6307\u8fc1\u51fa\u5730\u5b58\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u751f\u5b58\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u79cd\u79cd\u7684\u6392\u65a5\u529b\u8feb\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u79bb\u5bb6\u51fa\u8d70\u3002\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u4f4e\u8ff7\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0e\u4e0d\u4e50\u89c2\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u63a8\u52a8\u5176\u5411\u5916\u8fc1\u79fb\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5c45\u9ad8\u4e0d\u4e0b\u7684\u5931\u4e1a\u7387\u548c\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u5dee\u5f02\u3001\u8d2b\u7a77\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5de5\u4eba\u5c06\u524d\u5f80\u6d77\u5916\u5de5\u4f5c\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u9879\u9ad8\u56de\u62a5\u7684\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u4e2d\u4e0b\u9636\u5c42\u5bb6\u5ead\u666e\u904d\u5c06\u5bb6\u5ead\u6210\u5458\u524d\u5f80\u6d77\u5916\u5de5\u4f5c\u5e76\u6c47\u56de\u5927\u91cf\u6c47\u6b3e\uff0c\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6539\u5584\u8d2b\u56f0\u3001\u63d0\u9ad8\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u201c\u62c9\u529b\u201d\u5373\u6307\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u56fd\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u66f4\u4f18\u7684\u8c0b\u751f\u6216\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u76f8\u5bf9\u7a33\u5b9a\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u5b89\u5168\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u4fdd\u969c\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u6d77\u6e7e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4f18\u4e8e\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u6c34\u5e73\u662f\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u52b3\u5de5\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u201c\u62c9\u529b\u201d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u6bd7\u90bb\u548c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u6210\u4e3a\u6d77\u6e7e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f15\u8fdb\u5916\u7c4d\u52b3\u5de5\u7684\u9996\u9009\u56fd\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u6d77\u6e7e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u6536\u5165\u662f\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u56fd\u5185\u76845\u81f38\u500d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52b3\u5de5\u4f1a\u5c0677%\u7684\u6536\u5165\u90fd\u5bc4\u56de\u56fd\u5185\u7528\u4ee5\u507f\u8fd8\u503a\u52a1\u6216\u8d34\u8865\u5bb6\u7528\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5f15\u5bfc\u4e0e\u652f\u6301\u653f\u7b56\u4e5f\u662f\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u52b3\u5de5\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u52a9\u63a8\u529b\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u52b3\u52a1\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u5145\u5f53\u4e86\u7ecf\u7eaa\u4eba\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f50\u52d2\u83f2\u5361\u5c14\u2022\u963f\u91cc\u2022\u5e03\u6258\uff08Zulfikar Ali Bhutto\uff09\u6267\u653f\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5927\u529b\u9f13\u52b1\u719f\u7ec3\u5de5\u4eba\u548c\u975e\u719f\u7ec3\u5de5\u4eba\u901a\u8fc7\u52b3\u52a8\u90e8\u767b\u8bb0\u6ce8\u518c\u524d\u5f80\u6d77\u6e7e\u56fd\u5bb6\u52a1\u5de5\uff0c2\u4e2a\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u548c300\u591a\u4e2a\u62db\u8058\u673a\u6784\u51fa\u53f0\u653f\u7b56\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u57f9\u8bad\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u9f13\u52b1\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u524d\u5f80\u6d77\u6e7e\u5730\u533a\u52a1\u5de5\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 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