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\u5370\u5ea6\u867d\u7136\u57281947\u5e74\u6700\u7ec8\u83b7\u5f97\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5370\u5df4\u5206\u6cbb\u7684\u60e8\u75db\u6559\u8bad\u5374\u63d0\u9192\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u4e25\u52a0\u9632\u8303\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u6cbf\u7740\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u79cd\u59d3\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u65ad\u5c42\u7ebf\uff08Faulty Line\uff09\u5185\u7206\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u5c4a\u65f6\u5370\u5ea6\u56fd\u5c06\u4e0d\u56fd\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u5927\u56fd\u7406\u60f3\u65e0\u4ece\u8c08\u8d77\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u5efa\u56fd\u7cbe\u82f1\u9009\u62e9\u4ee5\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u4e3a\u8ba4\u540c\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u201c\u5370\u5ea6\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\uff08Indian Nationalism\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u79cd\u59d3\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u9636\u5c42\u8ba4\u540c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u72ed\u9698\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u5728\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u7cbe\u82f1\u5728\u897f\u5f0f\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u6574\u5957\u4ee5\u59a5\u534f\u3001\u6298\u8877\u4e3a\u7279\u8272\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\uff1a\u7528\u5bf9\u6c11\u65cf\u533a\u57df\u81ea\u6cbb\u8bc9\u6c42\u654f\u611f\u7684\u8054\u90a6\u4e3b\u4e49(Federalism)\u5316\u89e3\u6c11\u65cf\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u91ca\u653e\u5730\u65b9\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u672c\u571f\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5f20\u529b\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u7528\u5404\u4e2a\u5b97\u6559\u793e\u533a\u5404\u81ea\u4e3a\u653f\u3001\u5206\u5934\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u4e16\u4fd7\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08Secularism\uff09\u5316\u89e3\u5b97\u6559\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u4fdd\u969c\u5b97\u6559\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u65e2\u6709\u6743\u529b\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0d\u53d7\u4fb5\u8680\uff1b\u7528\u4ee5\u5e9f\u9664\u79cd\u59d3\u6b67\u89c6\u548c\u4f18\u60e0\u6027\u5dee\u5f02\u5f85\u9047\uff08Affirmative Actions\uff09\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08Progressivism\uff09\u5316\u89e3\u79cd\u59d3\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e2d\u4e0b\u5c42\u79cd\u59d3\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u5e73\u6743\u8bc9\u6c42\uff1b\u7528\u4ee5\u516c\u6709\u5236\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5e76\u5e26\u6709\u5e73\u5747\u4e3b\u4e49\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08Socialism\uff09\u5145\u5206\u53d1\u6325\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8c03\u63a7\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u4ee5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u5e73\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u59a5\u534f\u6298\u8877\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u79cd\u59d3\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u5f97\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8eab\u4efd\u2014\u2014\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u6c11\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u516c\u6c11\u8ba4\u540c\u4f7f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u90fd\u83b7\u5f97\u540d\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u540c\u7b49\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u867d\u6709\u8fd9\u5957\u59a5\u534f\u6298\u8877\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u52a0\u6301\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u591a\u5143\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u5374\u59cb\u7ec8\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u56db\u6761\u65ad\u5c42\u7ebf\u53ea\u662f\u88ab\u6682\u65f6\u906e\u63a9\uff0c\u56f4\u7ed5\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u79cd\u59d3\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u6b21\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ea7\u8ba4\u540c\uff08subnational identity\uff09\u548c\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u653f\u6cbb(Identity Politics)\u4f9d\u65e7\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u4ee5\u8054\u90a6\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u4e16\u4fd7\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3a\u5e95\u8272\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u53ea\u662f\u628a\u5404\u4e2a\u660e\u663e\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u793e\u7fa4\u88c5\u5165\u6846\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u8ba4\u540c\u201d\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u6346\u7ed1\u3001\u62fc\u51d1\u3001\u7ec4\u88c5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u6295\u5165\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u201c\u5927\u7194\u7089\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u96be\u4ee5\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u7194\u70bc\u6574\u5408\u4e3a\u6709\u673a\u7684\u4e00\u4f53\u201c\u56fd\u65cf\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5370\u5ea6\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u867d\u7136\u4ec5\u80fd\u7ef4\u6301\u677e\u6563\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u8ba4\u540c\u611f\u548c\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u51dd\u805a\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4ee5\u59a5\u534f\u3001\u6298\u8877\u4e3a\u7279\u8272\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u5374\u65b9\u4fbf\u5404\u4e2a\u5c0f\u56e2\u4f53\u575a\u5b88\u5404\u81ea\u52bf\u529b\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u963b\u788d\u5370\u5ea6\u63a8\u8fdb\u5168\u56fd\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6574\u5408\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u957f\u671f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u653f\u6cbb\u51dd\u805a\u529b\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u77ed\u671f\u5229\u76ca\u3001\u65cf\u7fa4\u5229\u76ca\u3001\u5730\u65b9\u5229\u76ca\u51cc\u9a7e\u4e8e\u957f\u8fdc\u5229\u76ca\u3001\u6574\u4f53\u5229\u76ca\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u5185\u8ba7\u548c\u4e71\u6597\u76db\u884c\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u4f7f\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u6cbb\u9677\u4e8e\u5931\u5e8f\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u66f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a8\u52a8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8f6c\u578b\u6539\u9769\u3002\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5370\u5ea6\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e86\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u8868\u9762\u56e2\u7ed3\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u5176\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a8\u52a8\u5370\u5ea6\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u6574\u5408\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u4e25\u91cd\u963b\u788d\u5370\u5ea6\u5b9e\u73b0\u5176\u8fdc\u5927\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u62b1\u8d1f\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u4e3a\u8ba4\u540c\u5e95\u57fa\uff0c\u5e26\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u8fdb\u53d6\u5fc3\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u80fd\u591f\u8f83\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u8986\u76d6\u5370\u5ea6\u793e\u4f1a\u6700\u5927\u516c\u7ea6\u6570\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08Hindu Nationalism\uff09\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u5370\u5ea6\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08Indian Nationalism\uff09\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u66ff\u4ee3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ee5\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u6c11\u515a\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u5f53\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\uff0c\u62b1\u5b9a\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u672a\u6765\u652f\u6491\u5370\u5ea6\u5927\u56fd\u5d1b\u8d77\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u57fa\u7840\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u5ff5\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u81ea\u6b64\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f15\u9886\u7684\u201c\u56fd\u65cf\u518d\u9020\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u5370\u5ea6\u793e\u4f1a\u6df1\u5ea6\u6574\u5408\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u6309\u7167\u6c11\u65cf\u5206\u91ce\u5212\u5206\u96be\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u5360\u7edd\u5bf9\u4f18\u52bf\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u79cd\u59d3\u5206\u91ce\u5212\u5206\u8fc7\u4e8e\u7ec6\u788e\uff0c\u800c\u6309\u9636\u5c42\u5212\u5206\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1\u5267\u70c8\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u552f\u6709\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u5206\u91ce\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u624d\u80fd\u65e2\u5212\u5206\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u5f92\uff08\u4eba\u53e3\u5360\u6bd4\u7ea685%\uff09\u4e0e\u7a46\u65af\u6797\uff08\u4eba\u53e3\u5360\u6bd4\u7ea615%\uff09\u7684\u4e3b\u6b21\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u53c8\u8db3\u4ee5\u56ca\u62ec\u548c\u6d88\u89e3\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u9636\u5c42\u3001\u79cd\u59d3\u7b49\u5206\u91ce\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u793e\u4f1a\u5404\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u6700\u5927\u516c\u7ea6\u6570\uff1a\u9664\u53bb\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u201c\u5f02\u7aef\u201d\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u540e\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u79cd\u59d3\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u9636\u5c42\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u90e8\u843d\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f52\u7eb3\u5230\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5728\u5730\u65b9\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u9009\u6c11\u56f4\u7ed5\u5730\u65b9\u8c6a\u5f3a\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u6cbf\u7740\u5bb6\u65cf\u3001\u79cd\u59d3\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u793e\u533a\u754c\u9650\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u9009\u7968\u96c6\u56e2\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5de6\u53f3\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u6cbb\u8d70\u5411\u7684\u96c6\u56e2\u52bf\u529b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u5f3a\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5916\u4e89\u53d6\u8bf8\u5982\u7535\u529b\u8865\u8d34\u3001\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u5e2d\u4f4d\u3001\u519c\u4e1a\u4f18\u60e0\u8d37\u6b3e\u7b49\u7b49\u77ed\u671f\u72ed\u9698\u5229\u76ca\u62c9\u9009\u7968\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u52bf\u529b\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u6069\u4e3b-\u9644\u5eb8(patron-client)\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4ee5\u5229\u76ca\u4ea4\u6362\u9009\u7968\uff0c\u4e25\u5bc6\u64cd\u63a7\u57fa\u5c42\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u56fd\u5bb6\u610f\u5fd7\u5f88\u96be\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u5411\u57fa\u5c42\u4f20\u5bfc\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u5728\u4f20\u5bfc\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u88ab\u5404\u7ea7\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u88c1\u91cf\u6743\u6240\u6d88\u89e3\uff0c\u4e25\u91cd\u635f\u5bb3\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u5b9e\u65bd\u6cbb\u7406\u548c\u52a8\u5458\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u57fa\u5c42\u5b9e\u60c5\u4e5f\u5f88\u96be\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u88ab\u56fd\u5bb6\u638c\u63e1\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u53ea\u80fd\u4ee5\u7c97\u653e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u63a8\u52a8\u4eba\u53e3\u7edf\u8ba1\u3001\u798f\u5229\u5206\u53d1\u3001\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u7b49\u4e1a\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5370\u4eba\u515a\u4e0e\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u7684\u6700\u5927\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u62e5\u6709\u660e\u786e\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u5b97\u65e8\uff0c\u5373\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u7279\u6027\uff08Hindutva\uff09\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5d1b\u8d77\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u590d\u5174\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u660e\u786e\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u6307\u5f15\u4e0b\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u6c11\u515a\u8df3\u51fa\u79cd\u59d3\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u9636\u5c42\u5c40\u9650\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u8c03\u5b97\u6559\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u628a\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u8654\u8bda\u548c\u82e6\u884c\u8f6c\u5316\u732e\u8eab\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\u4e0e\u72c2\u70ed\u3002\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u7edf\u4e00\u6218\u7ebf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5370\u4eba\u515a\u5efa\u7acb\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u6218\u7ebf\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u201c\u8054\u76df\u5bb6\u65cf\uff08Sangh Parivar\uff09\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u56fd\u6c11\u5fd7\u613f\u56e2\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5370\u5ea6\u5de5\u4eba\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\uff08Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh\uff09\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u519c\u6c11\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\uff08Bharatiya Kisan Sangh\uff09\u3001\u5987\u5973\u5fd7\u613f\u56e2\uff08Rashtra Sevika Samiti\uff09\u3001\u5168\u5370\u5b66\u751f\u603b\u4f1a\uff08Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad\uff09\u3001\u5168\u7403\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u5927\u4f1a(Vishwa Hindu Parishad)\u7b49\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u653f\u515a\u96be\u4ee5\u5339\u654c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u9762\u548c\u52a8\u5458\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u9664\u4e86\u901a\u8fc7\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u8fdb\u884c\u9009\u4e3e\u52a8\u5458\u5916\uff0c\u83ab\u8fea\u653f\u5e9c\u8fd8\u51ed\u501f\u201c\u6570\u5b57\u5370\u5ea6\uff08Digital India\uff09\u201d\u89e3\u51b3\u4e0d\u5c11\u79ef\u5f0a\u5df2\u4e45\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u83ab\u8fea\u653f\u5e9c\u5c06\u8986\u76d6\u8fd112\u4ebf\u4eba\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u5168\u56fd12\u4f4d\u6570\u5b57\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc1\uff08Aadhaar\u53f7\u7801\uff09\u4e0e\u201c\u5370\u5ea6\u652f\u4ed8\u754c\u9762\uff08Bharat Interface for Money\uff0cBHIM\uff09\u201d\u6302\u94a9\uff0c\u6253\u901a\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc6\u522b\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u652f\u4ed8\u8f6c\u8d26\u7cfb\u7edf\u95f4\u7684\u969c\u788d\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7e41\u7410\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u95ee\u9898\u77ed\u671f\u4ecd\u672a\u80fd\u5f7b\u5e95\u9769\u9664\uff0c\u4f46\u6280\u672f\u521b\u65b0\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u9ad8\u666e\u901a\u6c11\u4f17\u529e\u4e8b\u4fbf\u6377\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u63d0\u9ad8\u653f\u5e9c\u884c\u653f\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u538b\u7f29\u5404\u5c42\u5b98\u540f\u5229\u7528\u6d41\u7a0b\u5bfb\u79df\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u63d0\u5347\u56fd\u5bb6\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u5370\u4eba\u515a\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u5f3a\u52bf\u5d1b\u8d77\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u89e3\u51b3\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u575b\u957f\u671f\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u8054\u90a6\u788e\u7247\u5316\u3001\u7701\u90a6\u5272\u636e\u5316\u3001\u5730\u65b9\u5c01\u5efa\u5316\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u9ad8\u5370\u5ea6\u56fd\u5bb6\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5c3c\u8d6b\u9c81\u5e9f\u9664\u5c01\u5efa\u571f\u5730\u6240\u6709\u5236\uff0c\u63a8\u884c\u519c\u4e1a\u5408\u4f5c\u793e\u7684\u63d0\u8bae\u4e5f\u88ab\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u5185\u90e8\u4ee3\u8868\u5730\u4e3b\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u67e5\u5170\u00b7\u8f9b\u683c\uff08Charan Singh\uff09\u963b\u6320\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4f9d\u7136\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u7531\u4e8e\u672a\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u519c\u6751\u6539\u9769\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u6539\u9020\u3001\u57fa\u5c42\u653f\u6743\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u80fd\u529b\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u53d7\u5230\u5c42\u5c42\u63a3\u8098\uff0c\u4e25\u91cd\u9650\u5236\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u6c72\u53d6\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u50cf\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e00\u6837\u52a8\u5458\u5168\u793e\u4f1a\u201c\u52d2\u7d27\u88e4\u8170\u5e26\u201d\uff0c\u96c6\u4e2d\u8d44\u6e90\u641e\u91cd\u70b9\u7a81\u7834\u3002\u5728\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u867d\u7136\u5efa\u8d77\u89c4\u6a21\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u56fd\u6709\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u4e00\u5957\u8db3\u4ee5\u7ba1\u63a7\u3001\u9a7e\u9a6d\u8fd9\u5957\u56fd\u6709\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f01\u4e1a\u867d\u6709\u56fd\u6709\u4e4b\u540d\uff0c\u5374\u5e38\u5e38\u4e0d\u542c\u8c03\u9063\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u5de6\u53f3\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u65e2\u5f97\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u5229\u6da6\u5bfc\u5411\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u884c\u653f\u547d\u4ee4\u5bfc\u5411\uff0c\u8fd9\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6700\u4e3a\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff1a\u5e02\u573a\u8c03\u8282\u548c\u884c\u653f\u8c03\u8282\u540c\u65f6\u5931\u7075\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u5f62\u6210\u5360\u636e\u65e2\u5f97\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u738b\u56fd\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e2\u4e0d\u5728\u4e4e\u5e02\u573a\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5728\u4e4e\u884c\u653f\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f01\u4e1a\u541e\u566c\u5927\u91cf\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u4e3a\u5e02\u573a\u6240\u52a8\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e3a\u4e0a\u7ea7\u653f\u5e9c\u6240\u52a8\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u5360\u636e\u65e2\u5f97\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u96c6\u56e2\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u957f\u5e74\u56f0\u6270\u5370\u5ea6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u5f0a\u75c5\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9886\u57df\u56fd\u5bb6\u80fd\u529b\u8584\u5f31\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u8fd8\u4e0d\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u7740\u5de5\u4e1a\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u8d44\u6e90\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u6349\u895f\u89c1\u8098\u3001\u96be\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7ee7\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5bc5\u5403\u536f\u7cae\uff0c\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u62c6\u4e1c\u5899\u8865\u897f\u5899\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u56f0\u5883\u7684\u8d77\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u91cd\u5de5\u4e1a\u9879\u76ee\u548c\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6536\u76ca\u5468\u671f\u6781\u957f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u53c8\u65e0\u6cd5\u52a8\u5458\u8db3\u591f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u8d44\u672c\u201c\u586b\u5751\u201d\uff0c\u5148\u671f\u9879\u76ee\u6ca6\u4e3a\u541e\u566c\u8d22\u653f\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u9ed1\u6d1e\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u57fa\u7840\u8584\u5f31\uff0c\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e00\u65e6\u6ce2\u52a8\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5efa\u8bbe\u5c31\u4f1a\u9677\u5165\u5b8c\u5168\u505c\u6ede\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5012\u9000\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u4e94\u5e74\u8ba1\u5212\uff081956-1961\uff09\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e94\u5e74\u8ba1\u5212\uff081961-1966\uff09\u90fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u8d44\u6e90\u77ed\u7f3a\u800c\u672a\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u9884\u671f\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u4ece\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\u523080\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6GDP\u5e74\u5747\u589e\u901f\u4ec5\u4e3a3.5%\uff0c\u800c\u8003\u8651\u4eba\u53e3\u589e\u957f\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u4eba\u5747GDP\u589e\u901f\u4ec5\u4e3a1.3%\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6781\u5176\u7f13\u6162\u7684\u589e\u901f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u5f92\u5f0f\u589e\u901f\uff08Hindu Rate of Growth\uff09\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u957f\u671f\u505c\u6ede\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ec8\u4e8e\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c\u9010\u6b65\u653e\u677e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ba1\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e1991\u5e74\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u62c9\u5965(Narasimha Rao)\u653f\u5e9c\u4efb\u5185\u5b9e\u65bd\u6bd4\u8f83\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u5316\u6539\u9769\u3002\u81ea\u6539\u9769\u542f\u52a8\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u901f\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u73b0\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u5168\u7403\u53d1\u5c55\u6700\u5feb\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5728\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5c31\u66b4\u9732\u5f31\u70b9\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u56fd\u5bb6\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5230\u5e02\u573a\u5316\u65f6\u671f\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u663e\u51fa\u77ed\u677f\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u638c\u63e1\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4f4e\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u6709\u6548\u8c03\u8282\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u201c\u5b63\u98ce\u964d\u6c34\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5927\u5b97\u5546\u54c1\u4ef7\u683c\u201d\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5370\u5ea6\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f71\u54cd\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6293\u624b\uff0c\u4f7f\u201c\u5076\u7136\u56e0\u7d20\u201d\u6210\u4e3a\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\u5370\u5ea6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n

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