{"id":3965,"date":"2024-05-27T23:57:12","date_gmt":"2024-05-27T15:57:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nyyjtx.cn\/?p=3965"},"modified":"2024-05-27T23:57:12","modified_gmt":"2024-05-27T15:57:12","slug":"%e7%a0%94%e7%a9%b6-%e5%90%b4%e6%99%93%e9%bb%8e%ef%bc%9a%e5%9c%a8%e5%8d%b0%e5%ba%a6%ef%bc%8c%e6%9c%89%e4%b8%aa%e6%a6%82%e5%bf%b5%e5%92%8c%e7%a7%8d%e5%a7%93%e5%90%8c%e7%ad%89%e9%87%8d%e8%a6%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nyyjtx.cn\/?p=3965","title":{"rendered":"\u7814\u7a76 | \u5434\u6653\u9ece\uff1a\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\uff0c\u6709\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u79cd\u59d3\u540c\u7b49\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u2026"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"nyyjtx-imported-article\" style=\"max-width:760px;margin:0 auto;color:#1f2933;font-size:17px;line-height:1.95;letter-spacing:0;\">\n<div class=\"wechat-article-meta\" style=\"margin:0 0 22px;padding:12px 14px;border-left:4px solid 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style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u5370\u5ea6\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u5728\u5f88\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\u4e0d\u52a0\u533a\u5206\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u7740\u201ctribe\u201d\u548c\u201ccaste\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u6765\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u201c\u74e6\u5c14\u7eb3\u201d\uff08varna\uff09\u8303\u7574\uff08\u5373\u5a46\u7f57\u95e8\u3001\u5239\u5e1d\u5229\u3001\u5420\u820d\u3001\u9996\u9640\u7f57\uff09\u548c\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4eb2\u5c5e\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u7edc\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u3001\u5728\u5730\u7684\u201c\u8fe6\u63d0\u201d\uff08jat\uff09\u30021773\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u6388\u4e88\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u6cbb\u7406\u5176\u6240\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u5730\u57df\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5b98\u5458\u6c83\u4f26\u00b7\u54c8\u65af\u5ef7\u65af\uff08Warren 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style=\"margin:0 0 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style=\"margin:0 0 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1.05em;\">\u4e8c\u3001\u90e8\u843d\u8303\u7574\u8fdb\u5165\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u7b56\u5b9e\u8df5\u53ca\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u5b66\u8005\uff0f\u6b96\u6c11\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u8c03\u67e5\u548c\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\u6240\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u4e3a\u6b96\u6c11\u56fd\u5bb6\u6cbb\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ece18\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u529b\u91cf\u5728\u5411\u5c71\u533a\u63a8\u8fdb\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u6b66\u88c5\u53cd\u6297\u548c\u66b4\u52a8\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u88ab\u8feb\u91c7\u53d6\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5c06\u90e8\u843d\u6392\u9664\u4e8e\u6b96\u6c11\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e3b\u6d41\uff0c\u5e76\u627f\u8ba4\u90e8\u843d\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u73b0\u5c5e\u5b5f\u52a0\u62c9\u7684\u62c9\u5409\u739b\u54c8\uff08Rajmahal\uff09\u5c71\u533a\u7684\u5e15\u54c8\u91cc\u4e9a\u4eba\uff08Paharias\uff0c\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u5c71\u6c11\u201d\uff09\uff0c1782\u5e74\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u51fa\u4e00\u822c\u6cd5\u5ead\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u88c1\u5224\u8303\u56f4\u800c\u7f6e\u4e8e\u53bf\u6536\u7a0e\u5b98\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u7ba1\u7406\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u53f8\u6cd5\u88c1\u5224\u7684\u6743\u529b\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u65b0\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u7531\u5934\u4eba\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5c71\u533a\u8bae\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u540e\u6765\u7684\u975e\u7ba1\u7406\u533a\uff08non-regulated areas\uff09-\u7531\u519b\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u6c11\u4e8b\u5b98\u5458\u4f9d\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u201c\u7ba1\u7406\u533a\u201d-\u53ca\u66f4\u540e\u7684\u201c\u8868\u5217\u5730\u533a\u201d\uff08scheduled districts\u3001\u201c\u843d\u540e\u5730\u5e26\u201d\uff08backward tracts\uff09\u3001\u201c\u6392\u9664\u533a\u548c\u90e8\u5206\u6392\u9664\u533a\u201d\uff08excluded areas and partially excluded areas\uff09\u7684\u524d\u8eab\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5bf9\u5f85\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5728\u4e8e\u501a\u91cd\u4f20\u7edf\u6743\u5a01\u548c\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u81ea\u4e3b\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u5730\u533a\u800c\u975e\u5355\u4e2a\u90e8\u843d\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u975e\u90e8\u843d\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u90e8\u843d\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u533a\u5360\u4e86\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">1935\u5e74\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u300a\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08Government of India Act\uff0c1935\u5e74\uff09\u4f7f\u5355\u4e2a\u90e8\u843d\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u653f\u7b56\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5728\u5efa\u7acb\u7701\u7ea7\u8d23\u4efb\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u80cc\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u4e3a\u6b64\u524d\u5b98\u65b9\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\u7528\u6765\u6307\u5370\u5ea6\u793e\u4f1a\u6700\u5e95\u5c42\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u201c\u88ab\u538b\u6291\u9636\u7ea7\u201d\uff08depressed classes\uff09\u4fdd\u7559\u8bae\u5458\u5e2d\u4f4d\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u5229\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5f15\u8fdb\u4e86\u201c\u8868\u5217\u79cd\u59d3\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u8fd9\u91cc\u79cd\u59d3\u4ecd\u7136\u7528\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e2\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u90e8\u843d\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u8303\u7574\uff09\u8868\u5217\u79cd\u59d3\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u201c\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u4ee5\u524d\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u88ab\u538b\u6291\u9636\u7ea7\uff07\u201d\u7684\u201c\u90a3\u4e9b\u79cd\u59d3\u3001\u79cd\u65cf\u3001\u90e8\u843d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u79cd\u59d3\u3001\u79cd\u65cf\u3001\u90e8\u843d\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u7fa4\u4f53\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u201c\u8868\u5217\u79cd\u59d3\u201d\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u88ab\u5217\u5728\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u79cd\u59d3\uff0c\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8868\u57281936\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c\uff08\u8868\u5217\u79cd\u59d3\uff09\u547d\u4ee4\u300b\uff3bThe Government of India\uff08Scheduled Castes\uff09Order\uff3d\u4e2d\u5f97\u4ee5\u516c\u5e03\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u88ab\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\u5217\u5728\u539f\u59cb\u90e8\u843d\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u90e8\u843d\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002\u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u5f15\u8fdb\u7684\u90e8\u843d\u8303\u7574\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u8868\u793a\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u5f02\u8bae\u7684\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba1935\u5e74\u300a\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u4e2d\u5c06\u90e8\u843d\u96c6\u4e2d\u5730\u533a\u6392\u9664\u5728\u7701\u7ea7\u8d23\u4efb\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u88c1\u5224\u8303\u56f4\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u90e8\u843d\u653f\u7b56\uff1a\u4ece\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u8ba9\u90e8\u843d\u5730\u533a\u4e0e\u4e3b\u6d41\u793e\u4f1a\u76f8\u5bf9\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u6574\u5408\u4e0e\u6c11\u65cf\u5efa\u8bbe\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u4f46\u72ec\u7acb\u540e\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c\u5ef6\u7eed\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u5bf9\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u8f85\u52a9\u6027\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u72ec\u7acb\u540e\u4e8e1950\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\uff0c\u6709\u4e3a\u201c\u7279\u6b8a\u9636\u7ea7\u201d\uff08special classes\uff09\u5236\u8ba2\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6761\u6b3e\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u7279\u6b8a\u9636\u7ea7\u201d\u4e3b\u8981\u5c31\u662f\u8868\u5217\u79cd\u59d3\uff08scheduled castes\uff09\u548c\u8868\u5217\u90e8\u843d\uff08\u300a\u5baa\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c330\u6761\uff09\u3002\u603b\u7edf\u901a\u8fc7\u54a8\u8be2\u5404\u90a6\u90a6\u957f\uff0c\u6709\u6743\u5217\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u79cd\u59d3\u8868\u548c\u90e8\u843d\u8868\uff0c\u5217\u5165\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u7684\u79cd\u59d3\u548c\u90e8\u843d\uff0c\u5c31\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u8868\u5217\u79cd\u59d3\u548c\u8868\u5217\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u4fee\u8ba2\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8868\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5728\u56fd\u4f1a\uff08\u300a\u5baa\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c341-342\u6761\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u968f\u4e4b\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u603b\u7edf\u9881\u5e03\u4e86\u300a\u5baa\u6cd5\uff08\u8868\u5217\u79cd\u59d3\uff09\u547d\u4ee4\u300b\uff3bThe Constitution\uff08Scheduled Castes\uff09Order\uff0c1950 \u5e74\uff3d\u548c\u300a\u5baa\u6cd5\uff08\u8868\u5217\u90e8\u843d\uff09\u547d\u4ee4\u300b\uff3bThe Constitution\uff08 Scheduled Tribes\uff09 Order\uff0c1950\u5e74\uff3d\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u90a6\u7684\u8868\u5217\u79cd\u59d3\u548c\u8868\u5217\u90e8\u843d\u540d\u5355\u4e88\u4ee5\u516c\u5e03\u3002\u8868\u5217\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u540d\u5355\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5206\u5e03\u4e8e22\u4e2a\u90a6\u7684744\u4e2a\u90e8\u843d\u7fa4\u4f53\u30021950\u5e74\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u503c\u5f97\u5173\u6ce8\uff1a\u4e00\uff0c\u5b83\u76f4\u63a5\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u82f1\u5370\u653f\u5e9c1935\u5e74\u300a\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u8868\u5217\u79cd\u59d3\uff08\u5305\u542b\u90e8\u843d\uff09\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u548c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u653f\u6cbb\u4ee3\u8868\u53ca\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u5229\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u6846\u67b6\uff1b<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u4e8c\uff0c\u5c06\u90e8\u843d\u5355\u5217\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e0e\u8868\u5217\u79cd\u59d3\u5e76\u5217\u7684\u8868\u5217\u90e8\u843d\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u660e\u786e\u4e86\u79cd\u59d3\u4e0e\u90e8\u843d\u5728\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u7684\u5f7c\u6b64\u6392\u4ed6\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u4e09\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u82f1\u5370\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6587\u4ef6\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u8868\u5217\u79cd\u59d3\u6216\u8868\u5217\u90e8\u843d\u8fdb\u884c\u5185\u6db5\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\uff0c\u53ea\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u5b8c\u5168\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1b\u8868\u5217\u90e8\u843d\u5c31\u662f\u603b\u7edf\u201c\u901a\u8fc7\u516c\u793a\u5177\u4f53\u6307\u660e\u7684\u90e8\u843d\u6216\u90e8\u843d\u793e\u7fa4\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u90e8\u843d\u3001\u90e8\u843d\u793e\u7fa4\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u6216\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c06\u56e0\u672c\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u76f8\u5e94\u4e8e\u5404\u90a6\u6216\u8054\u90a6\u76f4\u8f96\u533a\u7684\u8868\u5217\u90e8\u843d\u201d\uff08\u300a\u5baa\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c342\u6761\uff09\u30021950\u5e74\u5baa\u6cd5\u4f7f\u8868\u5217\u90e8\u843d\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5baa\u6cd5\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u5217\u540d\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5212\u5b9a\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u5916\u5ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u5370\u5ea6\u5b66\u754c\u5173\u4e8e\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b66\u754c\u4e0d\u52a0\u6279\u8bc4\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u7684\u90e8\u843d\u8303\u7574\u548c\u8868\u5217\u90e8\u843d\u540d\u5355\uff0c\u4ece\u6b64\u8868\u5217\u90e8\u843d\u548c\u90e8\u843d\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u66ff\u6362\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bcd\u3002\u4ec5\u4e3e\u4e00\u4f8b\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u793e\u4f1a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u53e4\u91cc\u53f6\u521d\u7248\u4e8e1943\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u571f\u8457\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u672a\u6765\u300b\uff08The Aborigines-So Called-and Their Future\uff09\uff0c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u53d6\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e66\u540d\u662f\u8981\u6279\u8bc4\u90e8\u843d\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\u7684\u571f\u8457\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e43\u81f3\u5426\u5b9a\u90e8\u843d\u6982\u5ff5\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u72ec\u7acb\u540e\u518d\u7248\u65f6\u4e66\u540d\u5c31\u6539\u4e3a\u300a\u8868\u5217\u90e8\u843d\u300b\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u5baa\u6cd5\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u8868\u5217\u90e8\u843d\u540d\u5355\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u6027\u548c\u56fd\u4f1a\u4fee\u8ba2\u5b83\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u6210\u4e3a\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5b66\u8005\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u5171\u540c\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u3001\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u533a\u5206\u90e8\u843d\u4e0e\u79cd\u59d3\u6210\u4e3a\u5b66\u672f\u4e89\u8bba\u7684\u7126\u70b9\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u4e5f\u5728\u4e8e\u8fd9\u662f\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u9047\u5230\u7684\u6700\u5927\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u8868\u5217\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\uff0c\u5baa\u6cd5\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u800c\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u6cbf\u7528\u7684\u662f1931\u5e74\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e3a\u539f\u59cb\u90e8\u843d\u5217\u8868\u65f6\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff1a\u539f\u59cb\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\u3001\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3001\u5730\u57df\u4e0a\u7684\u9694\u79bb\u3001\u4e0e\u5916\u90e8\u793e\u7fa4\u63a5\u89e6\u65f6\u7684\u7f9e\u602f\u3001\u843d\u540e\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u90e8\u843d\u4e8b\u52a1\u90e8\uff08Ministry of Tribal Affairs\uff09\u516c\u5e03\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u72ec\u7acb\u540e\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u53d7\u5230\u6279\u8bc4\u662f\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4e5f\u4ecd\u7136\u592a\u6a21\u7cca\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u4f46\u662f1950\u5e74\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e5f\u7ed9\u5b9e\u8df5\u7559\u51fa\u4e86\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a\u8868\u5217\u90e8\u843d\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u8868\u5217\u79cd\u59d3\uff09\u540d\u5355\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u7531\u5404\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0e\u5168\u5370\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u8bed\u5883\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u90e8\u843d\u8bc6\u522b\u6807\u51c6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u591a\u91cd\u7684\u3001\u6709\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u3002\u8868\u5217\u90e8\u843d\u8fdb\u5165\u5baa\u6cd5\u8303\u7574\u3001\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9886\u57df\u88ab\u7ed9\u4e88\u6700\u591a\u7279\u6b8a\u7167\u987e\uff0c\u5176\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u662f\u201c\u8868\u5217\u90e8\u843d\u201d\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u5f97\u8ffd\u6c42\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u90e8\u843d\u4e0e\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u7684\u4e0b\u5c42\u79cd\u59d3\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u8981\u6c42\u83b7\u5f97\u8868\u5217\u90e8\u843d\u8eab\u4efd\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u6beb\u65e0\u7406\u7531\u7684\u3002\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u65b0\u7684\u8868\u5217\u90e8\u843d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u793e\u7fa4\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u5347\u798f\u5229\u5982\u6b64\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u6ee1\u8db3\u67d0\u4e9b\u5730\u533a\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u8981\u6c42\u800c\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5730\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u5730\u533a\u7684\u591a\u793e\u7fa4\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u8868\u5217\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u540d\u5355\u4e2d\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u8868\u5217\u90e8\u843d\u8303\u7574\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u5f97\u5230\u6781\u5927\u5f70\u663e\u3002\u4ece\u5370\u5ea6\u72ec\u7acb\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u8868\u5217\u90e8\u843d\u4eba\u53e3\u5360\u5370\u5ea6\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e00\u76f4\u5448\u4e0a\u5347\u8d8b\u52bf-1971\u5e74\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u662f6.5\uff05\uff0c1981\u5e747.76\uff05\uff0c1991\u5e748.08\uff05\uff0c2001\u5e748.2\uff05\uff0c2011\u5e748.6\uff05\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u9010\u6e10\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u8fd9\u4e00\u8303\u7574\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u4e09\u3001\u963f\u8fea\u74e6\u585e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\u6700\u8fd120\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u6210\u4e3a\u90e8\u843d\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u66ff\u4ee3\u6027\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u4e0e\u90e8\u843d\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u5916\u5ef6\u7684\u201c\u963f\u8fea\u74e6\u585e\u201d\uff08Adivasi\uff09-\u68b5\u8bed-\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u7684\u65b0\u9020\u8bcd\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\u201d\u3002\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u628a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e20\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5f52\u4e3a\u7518\u5730\u7684\u521b\u9020\u3002\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u90e8\u843d\u7cbe\u82f1\u5185\u5316\u4e86\u90e8\u843d\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u571f\u8457\u3001\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u800c\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u8bcd-1935\u5e74\u300a\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u6709\u5173\u5728\u7701\u8bae\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u4e3a\u90e8\u843d\u4fdd\u7559\u8bae\u5e2d\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u51fa\u53f0\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u6700\u5177\u6709\u90e8\u843d\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u8fd0\u52a8\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4e2d\u90e8\u5370\u5ea6\u5353\u5854\u90a3\u52a0\u666e\u5c14\uff08Chotanagapur\uff09\uff0c1938\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201c\u963f\u8fea\u74e6\u585e\u5927\u4f1a\u201d\uff08Adivasi Mahasabha\uff09\uff0c\u636e\u4fe1\u8fd9\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u963f\u8fea\u74e6\u585e\u201d\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u90e8\u843d\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u963f\u8fea\u74e6\u585e\u4e0e\u90e8\u843d\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u8bcd\u3002\u5b83\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u6b64\u524d\u90e8\u843d\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6cdb\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u81ea\u6b64\u4e3a\u5370\u5ea6\u672c\u90e8\uff08mainland India\uff09\u4e0d\u5c11\u90e8\u843d\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u52a8\u6240\u91c7\u7528\u3002\u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u90e8\u843d\u6240\u6307\u79f0\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u6709\u5404\u7fa4\u4f53\u548c\u5206\u652f\u7684\u81ea\u79f0\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6cdb\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u548c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u822c\u8303\u7574\u7684\u81ea\u79f0\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u81ea\u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u4ee3\u5230\u72ec\u7acb\u540e\u7684\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u5b9e\u8df5\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5171\u540c\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u56e2\u7ed3\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5206\u6563\u4e8e\u5404\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u5730\u57df\u7684\u90e8\u843d\u7fa4\u4f53\u5728\u524d\u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u4ee3\u6240\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u3002\u8d1d\u5854\u8036\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8c08\u8bba\u90e8\u843d\u6982\u5ff5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b96\u6c11\u5efa\u6784\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u8303\u7574\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u5c31\u4f5c\u4e3a\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u610f\u8bc6\u4e4b\u5f62\u6210\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u5927\u4f17\u5a92\u4f53\u548c\u4eba\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u6240\u8d77\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u7684\u3002\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u53d7\u8fc7\u4e00\u5b9a\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u9636\u5c42\uff0c\u66f4\u7a81\u51fa\u5730\u8868\u8fbe\u5728\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u963f\u8fea\u74e6\u585e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u6d41\u884c\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u672c\u90e8\uff0c\u963f\u8fea\u74e6\u585e\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7edf\u5408\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u88ab\u4e00\u4e9b\u5171\u540c\u7684\u3001\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6240\u51dd\u805a\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5931\u53bb\u571f\u5730\u548c\u68ee\u6797\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u800c\u4e1c\u5317\u90e8\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u90e8\u843d\u5bf9\u571f\u5730\u3001\u68ee\u6797\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d56\u4ee5\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u4ecd\u4eab\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u610f\u8bc6\u7ed3\u6784\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u65cf\u7fa4\u8eab\u4efd\u548c\u5730\u533a-\u79cd\u65cf\u8eab\u4efd\uff08\u5177\u6709\u4e0e\u5370\u5ea6\u672c\u90e8\u4eba\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u9ec4\u79cd\u4eba\u7279\u5f81\uff09\u6709\u66f4\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u6700\u8fd120\u5e74\uff0c\u963f\u8fea\u74e6\u585e\u4e00\u8bcd\u6269\u6563\u5230\u5b66\u754c\u548c\u516c\u5171\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u5951\u673a\uff0c\u662f\u201c\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u6c11\u201d\uff08indigenous people\uff09\u6982\u5ff520\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca1993\u5e74\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u201c\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u6c11\u56fd\u9645\u5341\u5e74\u201d\u89c4\u5212\uff08International Decade of Indigenous Peoples\uff09\u53ca\u6743\u5229\u516c\u7ea6\u7684\u9881\u5e03\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u56fd\u9645\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u201c\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u6c11\u201d\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u6b64\u524d\u897f\u65b9\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u201cnative\u201d\u3001\u201caborigines\u201d\u7b49\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u5177\u6709\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f38\u5f20\u6743\u5229\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 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