{"id":3722,"date":"2024-03-20T23:56:28","date_gmt":"2024-03-20T15:56:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nyyjtx.cn\/?p=3722"},"modified":"2024-03-20T23:56:28","modified_gmt":"2024-03-20T15:56:28","slug":"%e7%a0%94%e7%a9%b6-%e9%99%88%e9%87%91%e8%8b%b1%ef%bc%9a%e8%8e%ab%e8%bf%aa%e4%b8%8a%e5%8f%b0%e5%90%8e%e5%8d%b0%e5%ba%a6%e5%ae%b6%e6%97%8f%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%e4%b8%8d%e5%90%83%e9%a6%99%e4%ba%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nyyjtx.cn\/?p=3722","title":{"rendered":"\u7814\u7a76 | \u9648\u91d1\u82f1\uff1a\u83ab\u8fea\u4e0a\u53f0\u540e\u5370\u5ea6\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0d\u5403\u9999\u4e86\uff1f\u4e0d\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u5f88\u590d\u6742\u2026"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"nyyjtx-imported-article\" style=\"max-width:760px;margin:0 auto;color:#1f2933;font-size:17px;line-height:1.95;letter-spacing:0;\">\n<div class=\"wechat-article-meta\" style=\"margin:0 0 22px;padding:12px 14px;border-left:4px solid #2f5d9f;background:#f6f8fb;color:#53606d;font-size:14px;line-height:1.8;\"><strong>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a<\/strong>\u9648\u91d1\u82f1<br \/><strong>\u6765\u6e90\uff1a<\/strong>\u5357\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u901a\u8baf<br \/><strong>\u539f\u6587\uff1a<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s\/7ARfiHuHTvcWWBX3D7yQ3g\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u539f\u6587<\/a><br \/>\u672c\u6587\u517111430\u5b57\u9605\u8bfb\u9884\u8ba129\u5206\u949f<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u4f5c\u8005 | \u9648\u91d1\u82f1\u6574\u7406 | \u738b\u5a07\u6768\u7f16\u8f91 | \u8303\u5bb6\u83c0 \u9648\u73cf\u53ef\u6458\u8981\u73b0\u4ee3\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u662f\u6307\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u6210\u5458\u7531\u4e8e\u62e5\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u8fde\u7eed\u5f53\u9009\u5e76\u638c\u63e1\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6743\u529b\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5bb6\u65cf\u5185\u90e8\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4ee3\u9645\u5ef6\u7eed\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u5927\u6839\u6e90\uff1a\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u6743\u529b\u7ed3\u6784\u5bfc\u81f4\u653f\u6cbb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5e87\u62a4\u5173\u7cfb\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u80fd\u591f\u5229\u7528\u5bb6\u65cf\u8d44\u6e90\u83b7\u5f97\u7279\u5b9a\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u800c\u67d0\u4e9b\u5bb6\u65cf\u6210\u5458\u7684\u5f53\u9009\u53c8\u6210\u4e3a\u8be5\u7fa4\u4f53\u53c2\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u4ea7\u54c1\u5206\u914d\u7684\u524d\u63d0\uff1b\u653f\u515a\u5185\u90e8\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6c11\u4e3b\u673a\u5236\u3001\u5916\u90e8\u7f3a\u5c11\u793e\u4f1a\u652f\u6301\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u515a\u7684\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u63d0\u540d\u548c\u8d44\u91d1\u7b79\u96c6\u5206\u914d\u6743\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u515a\u7684\u9886\u8896\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5bb6\u65cf\u80fd\u591f\u53d1\u6325\u653f\u515a\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u6027\u4f5c\u7528\u6216\u5bfc\u81f4\u653f\u515a\u88ab\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u6240\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u6765\u81ea\u53d1\u8fbe\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u662f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5e87\u62a4\u5173\u7cfb\u8d8a\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u8d8a\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\uff1b\u800c\u653f\u515a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d8a\u4e0d\u53d1\u8fbe\uff0c\u5c31\u8d8a\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4e3a\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u63d0\u4f9b\u5236\u5ea6\u6027\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u96c6\u4e2d\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u6743\u5229\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u7406\u5ff5\u76f8\u6096\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u6709\u5bb3\u4e8e\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u3002\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb \u5e87\u62a4\u653f\u6cbb \u653f\u515a \u56fe\u6e90\uff1a\u7f51\u7edc 2016\u5e746\u67087\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u5e0c\u62c9\u91cc\u00b7\u514b\u6797\u987f\uff08Hillary Clinton\uff09\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u9996\u4f4d\u5973\u6027\u603b\u7edf\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u89c2\u5bdf\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7ee7\u4e9a\u5f53\u65af\uff08Adams\uff09\u3001\u7f57\u65af\u798f\uff08Roosevelt\uff09\u3001\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\uff08Kennedy\uff09\u548c\u5e03\u4ec0\uff08Bush\uff09\u5bb6\u65cf\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u514b\u6797\u987f\u5bb6\u65cf\u6b63\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u575b\u8bde\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u73b0\u8c61\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7edd\u975e\u4ec5\u6709\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\u7684\u5386\u4efb\u9996\u76f8\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u51fa\u8eab\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\uff08political dynasty\uff09\u3002\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u7279\u9c81\u591a\uff08Trudeau\uff09\u5bb6\u65cf\u8bde\u751f\u4e86\u4e24\u4f4d\u603b\u7406\u3002\u800c\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u3001\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u3001\u5b5f\u52a0\u62c9\u56fd\u3001\u65af\u91cc\u5170\u5361\u3001\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7b49\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5176\u72ec\u7acb\u540e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u53f2\u5f80\u5f80\u5c31\u662f\u51e0\u4e2a\u5927\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u653f\u5e9c\u884c\u653f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4e8e\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u56fd\u4f1a\u4e2d\u3002\u6839\u636e2000\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f17\u8bae\u96628.7%\u7684\u8bae\u5458\u6709\u4eb2\u5c5e\u66fe\u62c5\u4efb\u4f17\u8bae\u9662\u7684\u8bae\u5458\u804c\u52a1\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u4e3a9%\u3002\u5728\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u52302000\u5e74\u672b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u4f30\u8ba1\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u4e2d\u4e16\u88ad\u8bae\u5458\uff08\u7ee7\u627f\u7236\u8f88\u6216\u8005\u5176\u4ed6\u4eb2\u5c5e\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u5730\u76d8\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u8d44\u672c\u800c\u5f53\u9009\u7684\u8bae\u5458\uff09\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u8fbe\u523020%\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u5728\u4ece\u51b0\u5c9b\u5230\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u7b49\u8bb8\u591a\u9762\u79ef\u8f83\u5c0f\u3001\u4eba\u53e3\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u76f8\u5f53\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u6765\u81ea\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u3002\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u897f\u65b9\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u76db\u884c\u4e0d\u7981\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u60f3\u8d77\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u738b\u671d\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e1c\u65b9\u7684\u4e13\u5236\u5e1d\u56fd\u8fd8\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u5c01\u5efa\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5927\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u5c61\u89c1\u4e0d\u9c9c\u3002\u5728\u53e4\u4ee3\u4eba\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bb6\u65cf\u53ca\u5176\u540e\u4ee3\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5929\u547d\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9ad8\u8d35\u51fa\u8eab\u3002\u5728\u6743\u529b\u4e3b\u8981\u63a7\u5236\u5728\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u53ca\u5c0f\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u53e4\u4ee3\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u6709\u5176\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u666e\u9009\u6743\u7684\u786e\u7acb\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u653f\u515a\u4ee3\u66ff\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5bb6\u65cf\uff0c\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u52a8\u5458\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff1b\u5927\u4f17\u9009\u4e3e\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u6210\u5e74\u516c\u6c11\u53c2\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff1b<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u666e\u53ca\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u901a\u4fe1\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u8fbe\u4f7f\u5f97\u5c11\u6570\u9636\u5c42\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5784\u65ad\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u4f7f\u5f97\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u96be\u4ee5\u5ef6\u7eed\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd9\u79cd\u7cbe\u82f1\u7edf\u6cbb\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u6743\u529b\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u73b0\u8c61\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u67d0\u4e9b\u65f6\u671f\u76db\u884c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u5f15\u8d77\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3002\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5c1d\u8bd5\u56de\u7b54\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u51fa\u73b0\u548c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u4e3a\u4f55\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f62\u6001\uff1f\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u6709\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u73b0\u8c61\u683c\u5916\u5e38\u89c1\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u5219\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c11\u89c1\uff1f\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u4f55\u5b58\u5728\u660e\u663e\u5dee\u522b\uff1f\u672c\u6587\u4e3b\u8981\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u5f53\u4ee3\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u73b0\u8c61\u53ca\u5176\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u63ed\u793a\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6839\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"margin:1.8em 0 .75em;padding-left:12px;border-left:4px solid #2f5d9f;font-size:1.18em;line-height:1.55;font-weight:700;color:#14213d;\">\u4e00\u3001\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u6210\u56e0\u7684\u65e2\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u51fa\u73b0<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u9996\u5148\u6709\u8d56\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u57c3\u5185\u65af\u6258\u00b7\u8fbe\u5c14\u00b7\u6ce2\uff08Ernesto Dal B\u00f3\uff09\u7b49\u4eba\u628a\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u6b64\u524d\u5df2\u6709\u5bb6\u65cf\u6210\u5458\u662f\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u7684\u5bb6\u65cf\u201d\u3002\u77f3\u6865\uff08Michihiro Ishibashi\uff09\u7b49\u4eba\u5219\u628a\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u5176\u62c5\u4efb\u653f\u5e9c\u804c\u52a1\u7684\u5bb6\u65cf\u6210\u5458\u90a3\u91cc\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u8be5\u804c\u4f4d\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u00b7\u6c64\u666e\u68ee\uff08Mark R. Thompson\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6d89\u53ca\u5bb6\u65cf\u6210\u5458\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u95f4\u63a5\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002\u5df4\u52c3\u7f57\u00b7\u514b\u9c81\u5bbe\uff08Pablo Querubin\uff09\u5219\u628a\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u533a\u57df\u5185\u652f\u914d\u6743\u529b\u5206\u914d\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u5bb6\u65cf\u3002\u672c\u6587\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u91c7\u7528\u9a6c\u514b\u00b7\u6c64\u666e\u68ee\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u6307\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u6210\u5458\u7531\u4e8e\u62e5\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u591a\u6b21\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u5f53\u9009\u5e76\u638c\u63e1\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u6743\u529b\u4eba\u7269\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4ee3\u9645\u5ef6\u7eed\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u4ece\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6e90\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5728\u300a\u7edf\u6cbb\u9636\u7ea7\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u83ab\u65af\u5361\uff08Gaetano Mosca\uff09\u660e\u786e\u5730\u8bf4\u5230\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u6240\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u90a3\u4e9b\u5f97\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u3001\u521a\u521a\u51fa\u73b0\u6587\u660e\u66d9\u5149\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u53d1\u8fbe\u3001\u6700\u6709\u5b9e\u529b\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u2014\u2014\u90fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u7ea7\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u7edf\u6cbb\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u88ab\u7edf\u6cbb\u9636\u7ea7\u3002\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u9636\u7ea7\u603b\u662f\u4eba\u6570\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u884c\u4f7f\u6240\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u804c\u80fd\uff0c\u5784\u65ad\u6743\u529b\u5e76\u4e14\u4eab\u53d7\u6743\u529b\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u201d\u3002\u7c73\u6b47\u5c14\u65af\uff08Robert Michels\uff09\u4e5f\u6beb\u4e0d\u9690\u6666\u5730\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u201c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5728\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7531\u4f18\u5f02\u5206\u5b50\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u8d35\u65cf\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002\u201d\u201c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u2018\u5360\u7edf\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u2019\u6216\u2018\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u2019\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4fbf\u96be\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7ee7\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u800c\u7edf\u6cbb\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5404\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u7ecf\u5e38\u5f97\u5230\u90e8\u5206\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4ecd\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u552f\u4e00\u6301\u4e45\u800c\u6709\u6548\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u201d\u3002\u5e15\u7d2f\u6258\uff08Vilfredo Pareto\uff09\u7684\u201c\u7cbe\u82f1\u5faa\u73af\u7406\u8bba\u201d\u4e5f\u660e\u786e\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u603b\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u88ab\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u5e7f\u5927\u7fa4\u4f17\u4e0e\u5360\u7edf\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u5c11\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u548c\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u53d8\u8fc1\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6052\u4e45\u6d41\u52a8\u3002\u5018\u82e5\u8bf420\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0a\u534a\u671f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u4ece\u9636\u7ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u4e2d\u9053\u51fa\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u793e\u4f1a\u6839\u6e90\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5f53\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5219\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u52a0\u5177\u4f53\u548c\u5fae\u89c2\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u6982\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u6210\u56e0\u5927\u81f4\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u6e90\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u53ca\u5176\u5bb6\u65cf\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u7980\u8d4b\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u5728\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u827e\u5c14\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7\u00b7\u514b\u62c9\u6ce2\u514b\uff08Alfred B. Clubok\uff09\u7b49\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u51fa\u8eab\u7684\u8bae\u5458\u5177\u6709\u201c\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u524d\u8f88\u7684\u540d\u58f0\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u7684\u54c1\u724c\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u8005\u5e03\u8d56\u6069\u00b7\u8303\u65af\u5766\uff08Brian D. Feinstein\uff09\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5c06\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u51fa\u8eab\u7684\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5730\u4f4d\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\uff1a\u8d44\u672c\u4f18\u52bf\u548c\u54c1\u724c\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u524d\u8005\u65e2\u5305\u62ec\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u901a\u8fc7\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u5386\u83b7\u5f97\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u6e20\u9053\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u901a\u8fc7\u5df2\u7ecf\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u7b79\u6b3e\u7f51\u7edc\u4ece\u800c\u62e5\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u83b7\u5f97\u91d1\u94b1\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u6e20\u9053\uff1b<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u540e\u8005\u5219\u6307\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u5bb6\u65cf\u4e0e\u5df2\u5f53\u9009\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u4ed6\u5229\u75281994\uff5e2006\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u548c\u5730\u533a\u4e00\u7ea7\u76f8\u5173\u53d8\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3001\u7ade\u9009\u5f00\u652f\u3001\u5730\u533a\u653f\u515a\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5e74\u4efd\u56e0\u7d20\u7b49\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u51fa\u8eab\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u62e5\u67090.72%\u52307.90%\u7684\u201c\u54c1\u724c\u4f18\u52bf\u201d\u3002\u800c\u9009\u6c11\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u80fd\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u559c\u6b22\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6709\u5bb6\u65cf\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u5019\u9009\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u7ed9\u4e88\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u4e00\u9879\u5bf9\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u63ed\u793a\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u51fa\u8eab\u7684\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u8981\u6bd4\u975e\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u51fa\u8eab\u7684\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u66f4\u52a0\u5bcc\u6709\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u66f4\u80fd\u4ee5\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u4f18\u52bf\u5f53\u9009\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u7e41\u884d\u548c\u6743\u529b\u683c\u5c40\u81ea\u6211\u7ef4\u6301\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u57c3\u5185\u65af\u6258\u00b7\u8fbe\u5c14\u00b7\u6ce2\u4ece\u4e2a\u4eba\u7279\u5f81\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6daf\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e861789\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u4e24\u9662\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u51fa\u8eab\u7684\u8bae\u5458\u548c\u975e\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u51fa\u8eab\u7684\u8bae\u5458\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u975e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u80fd\u529b\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6743\u529b\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u6211\u7ef4\u6301\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u67d0\u4e2a\u5bb6\u65cf\u6210\u5458\u4efb\u671f\u8d8a\u957f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bb6\u65cf\u6210\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5c31\u8d8a\u5927\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u8bba\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u62e5\u6709\u6743\u529b\u8d8a\u4e45\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u8d8a\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5f00\u59cb\u5efa\u7acb\u6216\u7ef4\u6301\u5176\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5728\u4e00\u9879\u5bf9\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8bc1\u5b9e\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u9a6c\u4e01\u00b7\u7f57\u897f\uff08Mart\u00edn A. Rossi\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf91983\u5e74\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u540e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c4a\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u8bae\u5458\u4efb\u804c\u65f6\u95f4\u957f\u77ed\u4e0e\u5176\u5728\u56fd\u4f1a\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u5b58\u5728\u6b63\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u603b\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u8bae\u5458\u5728\u56fd\u4f1a\u4efb\u804c\u6bcf\u589e\u52a05\u5e74\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u5728\u56fd\u4f1a\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4f4d\u5176\u5bb6\u65cf\u6210\u5458\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u5c06\u589e\u52a08%\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u4e0e\u653f\u515a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5b58\u5728\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u5bb6\u65cf\u8bae\u5458\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\uff0c\u77f3\u6865\u7b49\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e8c\u4ee3\u8bae\u5458\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u662f\u653f\u515a\u7684\u63d0\u540d\u3001\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3001\u524d\u4efb\u8bae\u5458\u662f\u5426\u9000\u4f11\u3001\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e16\u5bb6\u51fa\u8eab\u7684\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u5728\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u5e76\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u800c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5f53\u9009\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6d3e\u9600\u5728\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u7684\u6311\u9009\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u6d3e\u9600\u9886\u8896\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5bb6\u65cf\u6210\u5458\u4e3a\u7ee7\u627f\u4eba\u3002\u5df4\u52c3\u7f57\u00b7\u514b\u9c81\u5bbe\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u901a\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u653f\u515a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8106\u5f31\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u4e2d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u653f\u515a\u7684\u7f3a\u5931\uff0c\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u52bf\u529b\u5f3a\u5927\uff1b\u7531\u4e8e\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u52bf\u529b\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u653f\u515a\u53c8\u96be\u4ee5\u5de9\u56fa\u5176\u5730\u76d8\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u653f\u515a\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6b63\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u5728\u5bf9\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u515a\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u574e\u94b1\u00b7\u94b1\u5fb7\u62c9\uff08Kanchan Chandra\uff09\u548c\u666e\u62c9\u8fea\u666e\u00b7\u5947\u5e03\uff08Pradeep Chhibber\uff09\u90fd\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u515a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8f6f\u5f31\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u6210\u56e0\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5728\u5bf9\u5f53\u4ee3\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u8fdb\u884c\u6a2a\u5411\u6bd4\u8f83\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u96be\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4ece\u5bb6\u65cf\u8d44\u6e90\u7980\u8d4b\u3001\u6743\u529b\u81ea\u6211\u7ef4\u6301\u673a\u5236\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4ece\u653f\u515a\u53d1\u5c55\u7b49\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bf4\u660e\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u548c\u6743\u529b\u81ea\u6211\u7ef4\u6301\u673a\u5236\u5728\u5404\u56fd\u90fd\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u5927\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\uff1b<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u8bb8\u591a\u653f\u515a\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0d\u53d1\u8fbe\u7684\u65b0\u5174\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u96be\u89c5\u5176\u8e2a\u8ff9\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u7b49\u5177\u6709\u6210\u719f\u653f\u515a\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u4e5f\u672a\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u653f\u515a\u4e4b\u95f4\u5bb6\u65cf\u5316\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u6781\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u3002\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u662f\u5f53\u4ee3\u897f\u65b9\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7cbe\u82f1\u7edf\u6cbb\u548c\u6743\u529b\u4e0d\u5747\u8861\u5206\u5e03\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u8981\u5bfb\u627e\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u6839\u6e90\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u653f\u515a\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u53bb\u5bfb\u627e\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"margin:1.8em 0 .75em;padding-left:12px;border-left:4px solid #2f5d9f;font-size:1.18em;line-height:1.55;font-weight:700;color:#14213d;\">\u4e8c\u3001\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u6027\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a\u5e87\u62a4\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u653f\u515a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6b20\u53d1\u8fbe\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u957f\u671f\u5b58<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u5728\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u6210\u5458\u80fd\u591f\u6301\u7eed\u5f53\u9009\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u653f\u515a\u800c\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u653f\u515a\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u53c2\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u5236\u5ea6\u5e73\u53f0\u3002\u83b7\u5f97\u653f\u515a\u7684\u63d0\u540d\u5e76\u4ee5\u653f\u515a\u540d\u4e49\u53c2\u9009\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u5728\u4e8e\u9009\u6c11\u2014\u2014\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u2014\u2014\u653f\u515a\u8fd9\u4e09\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u9009\u6c11\u4e0e\u67d0\u4e9b\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u76f8\u5bf9\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u652f\u6301\u2014\u2014\u56de\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u6e90\u6e90\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u6210\u5458\u63d0\u4f9b\u5145\u8db3\u7684\u9009\u7968\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u653f\u515a\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u51fa\u8eab\u5927\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u6240\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4e50\u610f\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u540d\u4e3a\u515a\u7684\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u3002\u524d\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u4ea4\u6362\u5173\u7cfb\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u540e\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u548c\u5229\u7528\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u5e87\u62a4\u653f\u6cbb\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u4e0e\u9009\u6c11\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4f9d\u9644\u5173\u7cfb\u5e76\u4ea7\u751f\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\uff1f\u6309\u7167\u5947\u5c14\u79d1\u7279\uff08Herbert Kitschelt\uff09\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u4e0e\u9009\u6c11\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5927\u4f53\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u57fa\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u800c\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u57fa\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u9b45\u529b\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u57fa\u4e8e\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u3001\u5373\u65f6\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u5173\u7cfb\u4e09\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5355\u7eaf\u4f9d\u9760\u4e2a\u4eba\u9b45\u529b\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5c11\u89c1\u800c\u4e14\u96be\u4ee5\u6301\u4e45\u3002\u653f\u7b56\u578b\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u5173\u7cfb\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6210\u719f\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u4e0e\u6c11\u4f17\u4e4b\u95f4\u6700\u4e3a\u666e\u904d\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u673a\u5236\u3002\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u5047\u5b9a\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u8fd8\u662f\u9009\u6c11\u90fd\u662f\u7406\u6027\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u3002\u5728\u653f\u7b56\u578b\u4ea4\u6362\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u653f\u515a\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6301\u7eed\u5f53\u9009\uff0c\u800c\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u5219\u4e0d\u65ad\u66f4\u66ff\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u672c\u4eba\u4e0e\u9009\u6c11\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f88\u96be\u5efa\u7acb\u6301\u4e45\u800c\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u8054\u76df\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u96be\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u8054\u76df\u6269\u5927\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\u53ca\u5176\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6210\u5458\u8eab\u4e0a\u5e76\u5f62\u6210\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u3002\u6743\u529b\u8981\u5728\u5bb6\u65cf\u5185\u90e8\u8f6c\u79fb\u548c\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u5fc5\u987b\u5efa\u7acb\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0e\u9009\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u4ea4\u6362\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u8f83\u4f4e\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u8005\uff08\u88ab\u5e87\u62a4\u8005\uff09\u5f97\u5230\u90a3\u4e9b\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7f13\u89e3\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u73af\u5883\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u7269\u8d44\u548c\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u800c\u8f83\u9ad8\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u8005\uff08\u5e87\u62a4\u8005\uff09\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u56de\u62a5\u76f8\u5bf9\u65e0\u5f62\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e2a\u4eba\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u5c0a\u91cd\u3001\u670d\u4ece\u3001\u5fe0\u8bda\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5982\u9009\u7968\u3002\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u5e87\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e87\u62a4\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u3001\u7ef4\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u53cc\u65b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e92\u76f8\u4ea4\u6362\u7269\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u4ea4\u6362\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u662f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u7b49\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u662f\u83b7\u5f97\u5f53\u9009\u7684\u8db3\u591f\u9009\u7968\uff0c\u800c\u9009\u6c11\u5219\u8ffd\u6c42\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4ece\u8d2d\u7269\u5238\u3001\u5c0f\u989d\u73b0\u91d1\u3001\u793c\u7269\uff0c\u5230\u9053\u8def\u3001\u6865\u6881\u3001\u516c\u5171\u8bbe\u65bd\u4ee5\u53ca\u8865\u8d34\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u5408\u540c\u3001\u8f83\u4f4e\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u516c\u5171\u90e8\u95e8\u5c31\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\u7b49\u8303\u56f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u597d\u5904\u4e0d\u80fd\u65e0\u5dee\u522b\u5730\u8986\u76d6\u6240\u6709\u7684\u9009\u6c11\uff0c\u5b83\u8981\u6c42\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u7cbe\u51c6\u5730\u8bc6\u522b\u4e0d\u540c\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u9488\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u52a8\u5458\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u5f53\u9009\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u516c\u5171\u804c\u52a1\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u597d\u5904\u6295\u653e\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u9009\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u3002\u800c\u53cd\u5bf9\u8005\u5219\u88ab\u6392\u65a5\u5728\u5206\u914d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e4b\u5916\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9009\u6c11\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6295\u7968\u652f\u6301\u67d0\u4e00\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u843d\u9009\uff0c\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e0e\u8865\u8d34\u3001\u516c\u5171\u8bbe\u65bd\u7b49\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u798f\u5229\u673a\u4f1a\u968f\u4e4b\u5931\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u800c\u5bf9\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u7d20\u8d28\u867d\u7136\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u662f\u5f53\u9009\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ea4\u6362\u5173\u7cfb\u6210\u4e3a\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u6765\u81ea\u67d0\u4e9b\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u957f\u671f\u4f9d\u9760\u67d0\u4e9b\u793e\u4f1a\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u652f\u6301\u800c\u4e00\u518d\u5f53\u9009\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u5176\u7236\u8f88\u9000\u51fa\u653f\u6cbb\u821e\u53f0\u6216\u8f6c\u6218\u81f3\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u5bb6\u65cf\u5176\u4ed6\u6210\u5458\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5730\u4f4d\u63a7\u5236\u524d\u8f88\u7a7a\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u516c\u5171\u804c\u52a1\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9009\u6c11\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6765\u81ea\u8be5\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u6210\u5458\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f53\u9009\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u6e90\u6e90\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u653f\u515a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0d\u53d1\u8fbe\u5982\u4f55\u5bfc\u81f4\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u7d2f\u79ef\u8d44\u6e90\u7f51\u7edc\uff1f\u4ece\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u53d6\u5411\u9c9c\u660e\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53d1\u8fbe\u548c\u7eaa\u5f8b\u4e25\u660e\u7684\u653f\u515a\u5f88\u96be\u4e0e\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u5171\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7406\u7531\uff1a<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53d1\u8fbe\u7684\u653f\u515a\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u6709\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u5f55\u7528\u548c\u664b\u5347\u6807\u51c6\u3001\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u51fa\u8eab\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u6210\u5458\u5728\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5fc5\u8981\u653f\u6cbb\u5c65\u5386\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u88ab\u63d0\u540d\u4e3a\u5019\u9009\u4eba\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u906d\u5230\u515a\u5185\u5176\u4ed6\u6210\u5458\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\uff1b<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53d1\u8fbe\u7684\u653f\u515a\u5f80\u5f80\u5bf9\u672c\u515a\u7684\u8bae\u5458\u6709\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\u7eaa\u5f8b\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u800c\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u81ea\u8eab\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5bb6\u65cf\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7f6e\u515a\u7684\u7eaa\u5f8b\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u8981\u6c42\u4e8e\u4e0d\u987e\uff1b<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53d1\u8fbe\u7684\u653f\u515a\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7b49\u91cd\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u7acb\u573a\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u653f\u7b56\u7acb\u573a\u672a\u5fc5\u80fd\u5728\u77ed\u671f\u5185\u7ed9\u9009\u6c11\u5e26\u6765\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u635f\u5bb3\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5f53\u4e0b\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f9d\u9760\u76f4\u63a5\u5229\u76ca\u4ea4\u6362\u5173\u7cfb\u5f53\u9009\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u6210\u5458\u800c\u8a00\u662f\u6709\u5bb3\u7684\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u53d1\u8fbe\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u653f\u515a\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u66f4\u52a0\u4f9d\u8d56\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u540d\u58f0\u3001\u5bb6\u65cf\u80cc\u666f\u3001\u8d22\u5bcc\u7b49\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u8d44\u6e90\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u9009\u7968\uff0c\u4e3a\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u653f\u515a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8f6f\u5f31\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u610f\u5473\u7740\u653f\u515a\u7f3a\u5c11\u8fde\u8d2f\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u5176\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u8eab\u4efd\u6a21\u7cca\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u515a\u6d3e\u5c5e\u6027\u5dee\u5f02\u5916\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7f3a\u5c11\u53ef\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u6e05\u6670\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5f53\u9009\u540e\u7684\u4efb\u804c\u7ecf\u5386\u4e0d\u592a\u5bb9\u6613\u8ba9\u9009\u6c11\u5bf9\u5176\u662f\u5426\u5151\u73b0\u5176\u653f\u6cbb\u627f\u8bfa\u4f5c\u51fa\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u653f\u515a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8f6f\u5f31\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u610f\u5473\u7740\u653f\u515a\u7f3a\u5c11\u53d1\u8fbe\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u57fa\u5c42\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u7f3a\u5c11\u5f55\u7528\u548c\u57f9\u517b\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u66f4\u52a0\u501a\u91cd\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u4f9d\u9760\u515a\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u5c31\u80fd\u5f53\u9009\u7684\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u3002\u5177\u6709\u5bb6\u65cf\u80cc\u666f\u3001\u5176\u5bb6\u65cf\u6210\u5458\u5df2\u62c5\u4efb\u516c\u804c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e3a\u5bb6\u65cf\u5185\u6210\u5458\u6253\u9020\u4e86\u77e5\u540d\u5ea6\u7684\u5019\u9009\u4eba\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u83b7\u5f97\u63d0\u540d\u7684\u8d44\u683c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u7531\u4e8e\u653f\u515a\u5185\u90e8\u7f3a\u5c11\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7a0b\u5e8f\u800c\u8f83\u5c11\u906d\u5230\u53cd\u5bf9\u3002\u653f\u515a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0d\u53d1\u8fbe\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e9b\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u6210\u5458\u957f\u671f\u62c5\u4efb\u516c\u5171\u804c\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5236\u5ea6\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5047\u8bbe\uff1a\u5728\u5e87\u62a4\u653f\u6cbb\u76db\u884c\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u9009\u6c11\u8d8a\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u62e5\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u7a33\u5b9a\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u652f\u6301\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e3a\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u571f\u58e4\uff1b<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u800c\u5728\u653f\u515a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e0d\u53d1\u8fbe\u7684\u653f\u515a\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\uff0c\u653f\u515a\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u63d0\u540d\u5177\u6709\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u6210\u5458\u4e3a\u5019\u9009\u4eba\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e3a\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u76db\u884c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5236\u5ea6\u73af\u5883\u3002\u5728\u5e87\u62a4\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u653f\u515a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8f6f\u5f31\u5171\u540c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u76db\u884c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8bbe\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6f84\u6e05\u7684\u662f\u5e87\u62a4\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u653f\u515a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8f6f\u5f31\u4e4b\u95f4\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e76\u975e\u662f\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5e87\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4f7f\u5f97\u9009\u4e3e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5f62\u6210\u9009\u6c11\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u4ea4\u6362\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u610f\u5473\u7740\u653f\u515a\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u8f6f\u5f31\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u6069\u60e0\u6765\u7ef4\u6301\u88ab\u5e87\u62a4\u8005\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6069\u60e0\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6765\u81ea\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u79ef\u7d2f\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6765\u81ea\u5176\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u653f\u515a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u81ea\u6c11\u515a\u5927\u81f4\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u3002\u81ea\u6c11\u515a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u5f3a\u5927\u4e14\u5236\u5ea6\u6027\u6c34\u5e73\u9ad8\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5185\u90e8\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u6d3e\u9600\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u653f\u515a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8f6f\u5f31\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5e87\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6cbb\u3002\u4e0e\u897f\u6b27\u7684\u653f\u515a\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u515a\u5f88\u96be\u79f0\u5f97\u4e0a\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53d1\u8fbe\u7684\u653f\u515a\u3002\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u548c\u5171\u548c\u515a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u673a\u6784\u677e\u6563\uff0c\u4e5f\u7f3a\u5c11\u4e0e\u666e\u901a\u515a\u5458\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bc6\u5207\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u4f46\u201c\u732a\u8089\u6876\u201d\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u76db\u884c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e5f\u76f8\u5f53\u77ed\u6682\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u540c\u6837\u7684\u5e87\u62a4\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u653f\u515a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53d1\u5c55\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u4e5f\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u8c31\u7cfb\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u5c3c\u8d6b\u9c81\u5bb6\u65cf\u9886\u5bfc\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f46\u5de6\u7ffc\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u515a\u548c\u53f3\u7ffc\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u6c11\u515a\u5374\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53d7\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u515a\u7684\u5bb6\u65cf\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e5f\u6709\u5de8\u5927\u5dee\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6070\u6070\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\uff0c\u5e87\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u653f\u515a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8f6f\u5f31\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e92\u8bc1\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5e87\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6cbb\u76db\u884c\u3001\u653f\u515a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0d\u53d1\u8fbe\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u4e09\u3001\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u53ca\u6f14\u53d8\u5e87\u62a4\u578b\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u653f\u515a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u8106\u5f31\u5171\u540c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u6210\u5458\u80fd\u591f\u5229\u7528\u5176\u5bb6\u65cf\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u53d1\u6325\u540d\u4eba\u6548\u5e94\u4ece\u800c\u4e00\u518d\u5f53\u9009\u3002\u56e0\u800c\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u53ca\u6f14\u53d8\u53d7\u5230\u653f\u6cbb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5e87\u62a4\u5173\u7cfb\u53d1\u5c55\u53ca\u653f\u515a\u5236\u5ea6\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u897f\u65b9\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u770b\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u51fa\u8eab\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u8bae\u5458\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u8fbe\u5230\u9ad8\u5cf0\uff0c\u5728\u53c2\u8bae\u9662\u4e2d\u6240\u5360\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u8fbe\u52307%\uff0c\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa80\uff5e90\u5e74\u4ee3\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5219\u4e0d\u8db32%\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6765\u81ea\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u8bae\u5458\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5728\u5185\u6218\u540e\u660e\u663e\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u4e24\u515a\u5236\u548c\u9009\u4e3e\u6743\u6269\u5927\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u53ca\u5176\u653f\u6cbb\u4ea4\u6362\u5173\u7cfb\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u81ea20\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u9010\u6e10\u52a0\u5267\uff0c\u8d22\u5bcc\u65e5\u76ca\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5c11\u6570\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e2d\uff0c\u91d1\u94b1\u5728\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u6210\u4e3a\u63a7\u5236\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u673a\u5668\u8fd0\u8f6c\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u4e0e\u5927\u6350\u6b3e\u4eba\u3001\u534e\u5c14\u8857\u91d1\u878d\u5de8\u5934\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5bc6\u5207\u3002\u653f\u754c\u4e0e\u5546\u754c\u5e87\u62a4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u5546\u4e1a\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u6709\u6df1\u539a\u57fa\u7840\u6216\u826f\u597d\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5bb6\u65cf\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u7ade\u4e89\u4e2d\u66f4\u6709\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u636e\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c110\u5c4a\u56fd\u4f1a\uff082007\uff5e2008\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u670944\u4f4d\u4f17\u8bae\u9662\u8bae\u5458\u548c7\u4f4d\u53c2\u8bae\u9662\u8bae\u5458\u6709\u6765\u81ea\u672c\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u6210\u5458\u6b63\u5728\u6216\u6b64\u524d\u5728\u56fd\u4f1a\u4e2d\u62c5\u4efb\u8bae\u5458\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bd4\u4f8b\u8fdc\u8fdc\u9ad8\u4e8e\u7b2c86\u5c4a\u56fd\u4f1a\uff081959\uff5e1961\uff09\u76845%\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u5e03\u4ec0\u5bb6\u65cf\u3001\u514b\u6797\u987f\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u5728\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e16\u5bb6\u81ea20\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u523080\u5e74\u4ee3\u65f6\uff0c\u72ed\u4e49\u4e0a\u51fa\u81ea\u653f\u6cbb\u4e16\u5bb6\u7684\u8bae\u5458\u5df2\u5360\u4f17\u8bae\u9662\u8bae\u5458\u76843\u6210\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u6765\u81ea140\u4e2a\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u663e\u7136\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u7684\u5e87\u62a4\u7ed3\u6784\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u201c\u4e2d\u9009\u533a\u5236\u201d\u4f7f\u5f97\u653f\u515a\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u91c7\u53d6\u201c\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u672c\u4f4d\u201d\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u6218\u7565\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u9f13\u52b1\u4e86\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u7ec4\u5efa\u540e\u63f4\u4f1a\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u4e0e\u7279\u5b9a\u540e\u63f4\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5171\u751f\u6027\u201c\u5229\u76ca\u4e92\u60e0\u201d\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u5229\u7528\u624b\u4e2d\u7279\u6743\u4e3a\u9009\u533a\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u4e0d\u52a8\u4ea7\u5546\u6216\u519c\u5bb6\u7b49\u652f\u6301\u8005\u4e89\u53d6\u9884\u7b97\u3001\u8c0b\u6c42\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u800c\u652f\u6301\u8005\u5219\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u52df\u96c6\u9009\u7968\u3001\u63d0\u4f9b\u653f\u6cbb\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u6743\u529b\u4ea4\u6362\u9009\u7968\u201d\u201c\u56fd\u6c11\u7a0e\u91d1\u5151\u6362\u653f\u6cbb\u8d44\u91d1\u201d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u540e\u63f4\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u62c9\u7968\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8bae\u5458\u5f15\u9000\u540e\u7531\u5176\u5bb6\u65cf\u7ee7\u627f\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8d8a\u9ad8\u7684\u53d1\u8fbe\u57ce\u5e02\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u6bd4\u4f8b\u8d8a\u4f4e\uff1b\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8d8a\u4f4e\u7684\u504f\u8fdc\u519c\u6751\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u5219\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u6bd4\u4f8b\u8d8a\u9ad8\u30021994\u5e74\u65e5\u672c\u9009\u4e3e\u5236\u5ea6\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u9009\u4e3e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5411\u4ee5\u653f\u515a\u800c\u975e\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6d3e\u9600\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u88ab\u524a\u5f31\u3002\u4e24\u5927\u4e3b\u8981\u653f\u515a\u4e5f\u5148\u540e\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u516c\u5f00\u9009\u62d4\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u653f\u515a\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u786e\u5b9e\u5bf9\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u51fa\u8eab\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6709\u6240\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u88ab\u63d0\u540d\u540e\u7684\u5f53\u9009\u7387\u8981\u9ad8\u4e8e\u666e\u901a\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u9009\u4e3e\u5236\u5ea6\u6539\u9769\u524d\uff0c\u81ea\u6c11\u515a\u5185\u9996\u6b21\u83b7\u5f97\u63d0\u540d\u7684\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u4e2d\u5927\u7ea6\u670934%\u6765\u81ea\u653f\u6cbb\u4e16\u5bb6\uff0c21%\u662f\u4e16\u88ad\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u800c\u57281996\uff5e2009\u5e74\u95f4\u7684\u5386\u6b21\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u83b7\u5f97\u81ea\u6c11\u515a\u63d0\u540d\u7684\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ec5\u670918%\u7684\u4eba\u5177\u6709\u5bb6\u65cf\u80cc\u666f\uff0c10%\u7684\u4eba\u662f\u4e16\u88ad\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u30022012\u5e74\u5927\u9009\u540e\uff0c480\u540d\u4f17\u8bae\u9662\u8bae\u5458\u4e2d\u6709110\u4eba\u6765\u81ea\u653f\u6cbb\u4e16\u5bb6\uff0c\u7ea6\u536023.1%\u8be5\u6570\u5b57\u8fdc\u4f4e\u4e8e20\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u800c\u5728\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u52a0\u5feb\u3001\u519c\u6751\u4eba\u53e3\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u51cf\u5f31\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5e87\u62a4\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u67d0\u4e2a\u6216\u5c11\u6570\u5bb6\u65cf\u3001\u96c6\u56e2\u5784\u65ad\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6743\u529b\u683c\u5c40\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u5236\u5ea6\u6539\u9769\u5bf9\u4e8e\u74e6\u89e3\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u88ab\u51cf\u5f31\u4e86\u3002\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u81ea\u72ec\u7acb\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u53d1\u5c55\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e0e\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u76f8\u968f\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">1987\u5e74\uff0c\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u5728\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e2d\u5bf9\u7701\u957f\u3001\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u7b49\u516c\u5171\u673a\u6784\u7684\u4efb\u804c\u8005\u5f15\u5165\u4efb\u671f\u9650\u5236\u3002\u8be5\u4e3e\u63aa\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u80fd\u4ece\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u904f\u5236\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u65e8\u5728\u51cf\u5c11\u5f53\u653f\u8005\u7684\u5728\u804c\u4f18\u52bf\u4ece\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u804c\u4f4d\u7684\u8f6e\u66ff\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u5c06\u957f\u671f\u4efb\u804c\u8005\u4ece\u5c97\u4f4d\u4e0a\u6e05\u9664\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe1946\uff5e1972\u548c1987\uff5e2007\u5e74\u95f4\u7684\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u548c\u7701\u957f\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4efb\u671f\u9650\u5236\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u663e\u63d0\u9ad8\u56fd\u4f1a\u548c\u7701\u4e00\u7ea7\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6d41\u52a8\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4efb\u671f\u9650\u5236\u8fd8\u5bfc\u81f4\u4efb\u804c\u8005\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\u884c\u4e3a\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u9f13\u52b1\u4e86\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4efb\u671f\u9650\u5236\u4f7f\u5f97\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u7eb7\u7eb7\u5728\u4efb\u671f\u5c4a\u6ee1\u65f6\u5c06\u5bb6\u65cf\u5176\u4ed6\u6210\u5458\u5f15\u5165\u653f\u575b\u4fdd\u4f4f\u8fd9\u4e00\u804c\u52a1\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5bb6\u65cf\u6210\u5458\u76f8\u4e92\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u804c\u52a1\u8f6e\u66ff\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb6\u65cf\u540c\u65f6\u63a7\u5236\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u804c\u52a1\uff0c\u52bf\u529b\u66f4\u52a0\u5e9e\u5927\uff1b<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u9762\u5bf9\u7740\u73b0\u4efb\u8005\u7684\u5728\u804c\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u6311\u6218\u8005\u5b81\u613f\u9009\u62e9\u7b49\u5230\u8be5\u804c\u52a1\u7531\u4e8e\u4efb\u804c\u8005\u53d7\u4efb\u671f\u9650\u5236\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ee7\u7eed\u53c2\u9009\u3001\u80fd\u591f\u516c\u5f00\u7ade\u4e89\u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u53c2\u4e0e\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u6210\u5458\u5f53\u9009\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f\u4e0e\u5fb7\u9686\u00b7\u963f\u897f\u83ab\u683c\u9c81\uff08Daron Acemoglu\uff09\u548c\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7A.\u7f57\u5bbe\u900a\uff08James A. Robinson\uff09\u6709\u5173\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u6539\u9769\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u6539\u9769\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u548c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u5206\u914d\u7531\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u5219\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u7fa4\u4f53\uff08\u7cbe\u82f1\u548c\u6c11\u4f17\uff09\u7684\u6295\u5165\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5747\u52bf\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u7531\u6539\u9769\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u6240\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u7684\u6743\u529b\u53d8\u5316\u80fd\u591f\u90e8\u5206\u6216\u5168\u90e8\u88ab\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u6240\u62b5\u6d88\u3002\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u4efb\u671f\u9650\u5236\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5982\u571f\u5730\u3001\u83b7\u5f97\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6e20\u9053\u3001\u5c31\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\u53ca\u52bf\u529b\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u5de5\u5177\u7b49\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6539\u53d8\u653f\u6cbb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5e87\u62a4\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u65e8\u5728\u6269\u5927\u653f\u6cbb\u8f6e\u66ff\u548c\u5229\u76ca\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u6240\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u90fd\u662f\u65e0\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8981\u4f7f\u6539\u9769\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u8fd9\u4e9b\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\uff08\u6216\u6709\u7740\u5f3a\u5927\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\uff09\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6839\u6e90\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u3001\u5b5f\u52a0\u62c9\u56fd\u3001\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7b49\u56fd\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u5bfc\u81f4\u653f\u6cbb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5e87\u62a4\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u653f\u515a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8f6f\u5f31\u662f\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4f46\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u673a\u5236\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u653f\u6cbb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u57fa\u4e8e\u5e87\u62a4\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u5173\u7cfb\u5411\u57fa\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u578b\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u5173\u7cfb\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u63d0\u9ad8\u516c\u5e73\u548c\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u653f\u515a\u5236\u5ea6\u6539\u9769\u80fd\u591f\u904f\u5236\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u4ea4\u6362\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5e87\u62a4\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0d\u53d1\u751f\u6839\u672c\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u7f3a\u5c11\u5f3a\u5927\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u653f\u515a\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5bb6\u65cf\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5236\u5ea6\u6539\u9769\u7684\u6548\u7528\u4e5f\u4f1a\u51cf\u5f31\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"margin:1.8em 0 .75em;padding-left:12px;border-left:4px solid #2f5d9f;font-size:1.18em;line-height:1.55;font-weight:700;color:#14213d;\">\u56db\u3001\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u4e2a\u6848\u7814\u7a76\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u515a\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u73b0\u8c61<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u5728\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u5c24\u4e3a\u7279\u6b8a\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u76db\u884c\u8fd8\u53d7\u5230\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u53cd\u73b0\u4efb\u60c5\u7eea\u548c\u9009\u4e3e\u6ce2\u52a8\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5927\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u81ea\u8bde\u751f\u8d77\u5c31\u957f\u76db\u4e0d\u8870\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u5370\u5ea6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5206\u6790\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5178\u578b\u6848\u4f8b\u81f3\u5c11\u5b58\u5728\u4e0b\u8ff0\u4e09\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\uff1a<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u73b0\u8c61\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u515a\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5b58\u5728\u5de8\u5927\u5dee\u5f02\uff1b<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u4ece\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u5411\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u515a\u8513\u5ef6\u662f\u8fd1\u4e8c\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u6765\u65b0\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff1b<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c2014 \u5e74\u5927\u9009\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u89c2\u5bdf\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5370\u5ea6\u9009\u6c11\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u8bf4\u4e0d\u4e86\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u5219\u590d\u6742\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u5982\u4eca\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u575b\u4e0a\u81f3\u5c11\u670915\u4e2a\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5bb6\u65cf\uff0c28%\u7684\u90a6\u4e00\u7ea7\u653f\u5e9c\u9996\u5e2d\u90e8\u957f\u6765\u81ea\u67d0\u4e2a\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u30022004\uff5e2014\u5e74\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u4e09\u5c4a\u4eba\u6c11\u9662\u4e2d\u51fa\u8eab\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u8bae\u5458\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f20%\uff0c29%\u548c21%\u3002\u8bae\u4f1a\u62e5\u67096\u4e2a\u5e2d\u4f4d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u653f\u515a\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u534a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u6743\u662f\u638c\u63e1\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u624b\u4e2d\u7684\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u4e2a\u6848\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4f55\u4ee5\u4e0e\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u5171\u5b58\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u540c\u6837\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u7cfb\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u653f\u515a\u5185\u90e8\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u73b0\u8c61\u4e3a\u4f55\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u6837\u6027\u3002\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u76db\u884c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5370\u5ea6\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u6096\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u5927\u4f17\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u6269\u5927\u4f7f\u4f4e\u79cd\u59d3\u9636\u5c42\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u4e0d\u65ad\u89c9\u9192\uff0c\u653f\u515a\u7ade\u4e89\u591a\u5143\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u52a0\u5267\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u5728\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u7684\u6295\u7968\u7387\u751a\u81f3\u9ad8\u4e8e\u6b27\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u8150\u8d25\u95ee\u9898\u4e25\u91cd\uff1b\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u7684\u8d3f\u9009\u548c\u51b2\u7a81\u5c61\u89c1\u4e0d\u9c9c\uff1b\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3001\u79cd\u59d3\u8eab\u4efd\u6bd4\u5176\u653f\u7b56\u7acb\u573a\u66f4\u53d7\u653f\u515a\u548c\u9009\u6c11\u91cd\u89c6\uff1b\u4e0d\u80fd\u5151\u73b0\u5176\u7ade\u9009\u627f\u8bfa\u751a\u81f3\u591a\u6b21\u53d7\u5230\u8150\u8d25\u6307\u63a7\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u4e00\u518d\u5f53\u9009\u3002\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u5c06\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u5e87\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u6c11\u4e3b\u201d\uff0c\u610f\u5373\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u83b7\u5f97\u662f\u7531\u7edf\u6cbb\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u653f\u5ba2\u4e25\u683c\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u968f\u610f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5206\u914d\u8d44\u6e90\u201d\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\uff0c\u9009\u4e3e\u6210\u4e3a\u653f\u5e9c\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u7ade\u6807\u62cd\u5356\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4ea4\u6613\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u5e94\u8be5\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5982\u4eba\u8eab\u548c\u8d22\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u6e20\u9053\u3001\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u8bbe\u65bd\u3001\u6700\u4f4e\u9650\u5ea6\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u516c\u6c11\u800c\u8a00\u4fe8\u7136\u6210\u4e3a\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u800c\u975e\u5e94\u6709\u7684\u798f\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e02\u573a\u5316\u4ea4\u6613\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d8\u6210\u65e5\u5e38\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u518d\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e0d\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u3002\u5728\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ecf\u6d4e\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u4ecd\u7136\u5904\u4e8e\u652f\u914d\u6027\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u5b98\u5458\u5219\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u5206\u914d\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u88c1\u91cf\u6743\u3002\u5728\u65e0\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u519c\u4e1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u63a7\u5236\u5c31\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u5458\u5bf9\u4e8e\u519c\u6c11\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4ecd\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6743\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u571f\u5730\u6838\u67e5\u3001\u9053\u8def\u3001\u7535\u529b\u3001\u6c34\u548c\u4fe1\u7528\u8d37\u6b3e\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5c31\u4e1a\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5916\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fd8\u4e3b\u5bb0\u4e86\u519c\u6751\u5c45\u6c11\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7a77\u4eba\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u4e0e\u5b98\u5458\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u3002\u6751\u6c11\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u2014\u2014\u51fa\u751f\u8bc1\u660e\u3001\u6b7b\u4ea1\u8bc1\u660e\u3001\u79cd\u59d3\u8bc1\u660e\u3001\u571f\u5730\u8bc1\u660e\u3001\u96c7\u4f63\u4fe1\u3001\u533b\u9662\u7684\u5e8a\u4f4d\u3001\u8d37\u6b3e\u3001\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u3001\u7535\u529b\u3001\u5395\u6240\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u8981\u5f97\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c31\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u53d7\u5230\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u5728\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\uff0c\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u627f\u8bfa\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u6295\u7968\u7ed9\u6211\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u5e2e\u4f60\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u201d\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u5e87\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3a\u653f\u515a\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6e29\u5e8a\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u6709\u7740\u5f62\u5f62\u8272\u8272\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u90e8\u843d\u548c\u4e9a\u79cd\u59d3\u7b49\u793e\u4f1a\u5206\u88c2\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\uff0c\u653f\u515a\u4e0d\u662f\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5728\u653f\u7b56\u7acb\u573a\u4e0a\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u653f\u515a\u62c9\u5f00\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7ed9\u9009\u6c11\u53d1\u51fa\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0a\u53f0\u5c06\u53ef\u80fd\u504f\u5411\u4e8e\u54ea\u4e9b\u65cf\u7fa4\u3002\u800c\u9009\u6c11\u5219\u5173\u6ce8\u5728\u515a\u5185\u5360\u636e\u6743\u529b\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\u5206\u5e03\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u515a\u7684\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u6216\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u6295\u7968\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b97\u8ba1\u88ab\u5b66\u8005\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u201c\u4e3a\u59d3\u6c0f\u6295\u7968\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e87\u62a4\u2014\u2014\u56de\u9988\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u5f88\u5c11\u662f\u7531\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u6216\u653f\u515a\u516c\u5f00\u5ba3\u5e03\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6e20\u9053\uff0c\u5982\u6d41\u8a00\u3001\u9053\u542c\u9014\u8bf4\u6216\u62a5\u7eb8\u4e0a\u7684\u53ea\u8a00\u7247\u8bed\u7b49\u88ab\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u7531\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u5728\u9009\u4e3e\u524d\u53d1\u653e\u7684\u5c0f\u989d\u73b0\u91d1\u6216\u514d\u8d39\u798f\u5229\u5546\u54c1\u7b49\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002\u827e\u745e\u514b\u00b7\u514b\u83b1\u8499\uff08Eric Kramon\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u80af\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u53d1\u73b0\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u653f\u515a\u6216\u653f\u6cbb\u63ae\u5ba2\u64cd\u7eb5\u548c\u76d1\u7763\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u53d1\u653e\u514d\u8d39\u6551\u6d4e\u54c1\u5411\u9009\u6c11\u4f20\u9012\u5176\u503c\u5f97\u4fe1\u4efb\u3001\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u4e0e\u9009\u6c11\u6709\u5171\u540c\u5229\u76ca\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u529f\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u4e70\u7968\u201d\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u800c\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\uff0c\u5bb6\u65cf\u65e2\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u73b0\u6210\u7684\u4eb2\u5c5e\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u53c8\u5177\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5ba3\u793a\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u62a5\u7eb8\u4e0a\u7ecf\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bfb\u5230\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u67d0\u4e2a\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u515a\u4e0a\u53f0\u540e\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u65b0\u4efb\u547d\u7684\u516c\u7acb\u6559\u5e08\u6216\u533b\u751f\u6765\u81ea\u8be5\u5bb6\u65cf\u6240\u5728\u7684\u79cd\u59d3\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u653f\u515a\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u591a\u5143\u5316\u548c\u5927\u4f17\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u6df1\u5316\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u653f\u515a\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u673a\u5236\u3001\u5185\u90e8\u7cbe\u82f1\u9074\u9009\u548c\u6743\u529b\u7ee7\u627f\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f00\u653e\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u7531\u4e8e\u5be1\u5934\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u76db\u884c\u3001\u515a\u5185\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u7f3a\u5931\uff0c\u653f\u515a\u5185\u90e8\u664b\u5347\u6e20\u9053\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u653f\u515a\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u5bb6\u65cf\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5145\u6ee1\u6d3b\u529b\u3001\u5185\u90e8\u7ade\u4e89\u3001\u805a\u96c6\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u89c2\u70b9\u3001\u5f55\u7528\u8d24\u80fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u7684\u63d0\u540d\u7f3a\u5c11\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u515a\u5458\u4e3a\u4e89\u53d6\u63d0\u540d\u673a\u4f1a\u800c\u4e0d\u60dc\u5012\u6208\uff1b\u515a\u5185\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u9074\u9009\u548c\u804c\u52a1\u664b\u5347\u638c\u63e1\u5728\u653f\u515a\u9886\u8896\u624b\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u653f\u515a\u9886\u8896\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u5bb6\u65cf\u6210\u5458\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ee7\u627f\u4eba\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u5f53\u8d44\u6df1\u7684\u653f\u515a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5144\u5f1f\u3001\u513f\u5973\u6216\u5916\u7525\u7b49\u4eb2\u5c5e\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u5217\u5165\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u4e4b\u5217\uff0c\u5bb6\u65cf\u5185\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u515a\u5982\u5317\u65b9\u90a6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u515a\uff0c\u6cf0\u7c73\u5c14\u7eb3\u675c\u90a6\u7684\u5fb7\u62c9\u7ef4\u8fbe\u8fdb\u6b65\u8054\u76df\uff0c\u6bd4\u54c8\u5c14\u90a6\u7684\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u515a\uff0c\u515a\u7684\u9ad8\u5c42\u9886\u5bfc\u804c\u52a1\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5bb6\u65cf\u6210\u5458\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u515a\u5185\u90e8\u5927\u4f53\u4e0a\u662f\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u7f3a\u5c11\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u4eba\u5f88\u96be\u6324\u8fdb\u6838\u5fc3\u5708\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u5728\u52a0\u5f3a\u653f\u515a\u515a\u5185\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u65b9\u9762\u6240\u505a\u751a\u5c11\u3002\u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u4ee5\u5916\u4eba\u5458\u8fdb\u5165\u4e3b\u8981\u653f\u515a\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u969c\u788d\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6307\u671b\u5370\u5ea6\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u51fa\u73b0\u660e\u663e\u6539\u89c2\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6bd4\u8f83\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u515a\u548c\u975e\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u515a\uff0c\u66f4\u80fd\u591f\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u770b\u51fa\u515a\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u515a\u662f\u6309\u7167\u5217\u5b81\u4e3b\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u662f\u515a\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u515a\u7684\u4e3b\u5e2d\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u59d4\u5458\u7ecf\u9009\u4e3e\u4ea7\u751f\uff1b\u515a\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u515a\u7684\u5927\u4f1a\u96c6\u4f53\u8ba8\u8bba\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u4e25\u683c\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u515a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u4e86\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u6c11\u515a\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u515a\u4e0e\u5916\u56f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u56fd\u6c11\u5fd7\u613f\u670d\u52a1\u56e2\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u6559\u6d3e\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u5fd7\u613f\u670d\u52a1\u56e2\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u4e3a\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u6c11\u515a\u62db\u52df\u515a\u5458\u3001\u8f93\u9001\u7cbe\u82f1\u3001\u57f9\u517b\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u8896\u3001\u52a8\u5458\u793e\u4f1a\u652f\u6301\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u6c11\u515a\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u9886\u8896\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u6765\u81ea\u56fd\u6c11\u5fd7\u613f\u670d\u52a1\u56e2\u3002\u515a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u515a\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u653f\u7b56\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u662f\u515a\u548c\u56fd\u6c11\u5fd7\u613f\u670d\u52a1\u56e2\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u52a8\u5458\u3001\u7cbe\u82f1\u57f9\u517b\u4e43\u81f3\u8d44\u91d1\u7b79\u63aa\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u5bf9\u5916\u90e8\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u6c11\u515a\u5f88\u96be\u51fa\u73b0\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u4e2d\u5c3c\u8d6b\u9c81 \uff0d \u7518\u5730\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u96c6\u4e2d\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u6743\u5229\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ece\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4eba\u4e00\u7968\u539f\u5219\u4e0b\u7ade\u4e89\u6027\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u5374\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u9009\u6c11\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u5728\u56e0\u9009\u4e3e\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u5904\u4e8e\u4e0d\u5bf9\u7b49\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u53ea\u8981\u67d0\u4e9b\u5bb6\u65cf\u3001\u96c6\u56e2\u6216\u9636\u5c42\u5784\u65ad\u4e86\u4e3b\u8981\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5206\u914d\u751a\u81f3\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u6210\u5458\u5c31\u80fd\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u5176\u6240\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5728\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u4f18\u52bf\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u800c\u653f\u515a\u5728\u5185\u90e8\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u793e\u4f1a\u652f\u6301\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4f4e\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u6c34\u5e73\u5219\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u5176\u5f55\u7528\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u6210\u5458\u8fdb\u5165\u653f\u575b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u6765\u81ea\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u5e76\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7136\u62e5\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u624d\u80fd\u6216\u8ffd\u6c42\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5229\u7528\u65e2\u6709\u8d44\u6e90\u5de9\u56fa\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u5730\u76d8\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u51fa\u8eab\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u5f53\u9009\u540e\u5728\u653f\u7ee9\u65b9\u9762\u4e0e\u666e\u901a\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u65e0\u5f02\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u5f00\u652f\u3001\u516c\u5171\u4ea7\u54c1\u5206\u914d\u65b9\u9762\u5b9e\u884c\u4e86\u66f4\u52a0\u6709\u5bb3\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u800c\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u516c\u6c11\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u7531\u8c01\u6765\u7ec4\u6210\u653f\u5e9c\u53ca\u5236\u5b9a\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u8150\u8d25\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5e73\u7b49\u7406\u5ff5\u76f8\u6096\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u635f\u4e8e\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u7b80\u4ecb\uff1a\u9648\u91d1\u82f1\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u5916\u56fd\u8bed\u5927\u5b66\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u52a1\u5b66\u9662\u6559\u6388\u672c\u6587\u9009\u81ea\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u300b2017\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\uff0c\u539f\u6807\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u79cd\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6027\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\u300b\u672c\u671f\u7f16\u8f91\uff1a\u8303\u5bb6\u83c0 \u9648\u73cf\u53ef<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u96c6\u4e2d\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u6743\u5229\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u7406\u5ff5\u76f8\u6096\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u6709\u5bb3\u4e8e\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4e3b\u8981\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u5f53\u4ee3\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u73b0\u8c61\u53ca\u5176\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u63ed\u793a\u5bb6\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6839\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[17],"class_list":["post-3722","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-16","tag-17"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nyyjtx.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3722","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nyyjtx.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nyyjtx.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nyyjtx.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nyyjtx.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3722"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/nyyjtx.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3722\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nyyjtx.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3722"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nyyjtx.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3722"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nyyjtx.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3722"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}