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\u7f57\u6469\u00b7\u66fc\u8bfa\u54c8\u00b7\u6d1b\u5e0c\u4e9a\uff08Ram Manohar Lohia\uff09\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u79cd\u59d3\u5236\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u52a8\u5458\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u5f88\u6709\u89c1\u5730\u3002\u6211\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u3001\u5df2\u6545\u7684\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u79d1\u96f7\u4e9a-\u963f\u65b9\u7d22\uff08John Correia-Afonso\uff09\u66fe\u4e0e\u6211\u8c08\u53ca\u679c\u963f\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u79cd\u59d3\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u4ed6\u654f\u9510\u5730\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u559d\u4e0b\u79cd\u59d3\u5236\u5ea6\u8fd9\u676f\u6bd2\u836f\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u5230\u4e86\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u8bba\u7684\u8d39\u8fb9\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u603b\u7406\u8d3e\u74e6\u54c8\u62c9\u5c14\u00b7\u5c3c\u8d6b\u9c81\uff08Jawaharlal Nehru\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0d\u53cd\u611f\u540c\u80de\u79f0\u547c\u4ed6\u4e3a\u6f58\u8fea\u7279\u5409\uff08Panditji\uff0c\u610f\u4e3a\u5c0a\u656c\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u62d2\u7edd\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u79f0\u4ed6\u4e3a\u6f58\u8fea\u7279\u5c3c\u8d6b\u9c81\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6bd5\u7adf\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8eab\u5904\u8eab\u4efd\u610f\u8bc6\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u5a46\u7f57\u95e8\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u514b\u4ec0\u7c73\u5c14\u7684\u6f58\u8fea\u7279\u548c\u6765\u81ea\u5580\u62c9\u62c9\u90a6\u7684\u7eb3\u59c6\u5e03\u675c\u5229\u4eba\uff08Namboodris\uff0c\u7eb3\u59c6\u5e03\u675c\u5229\u4eba\u662f\u5580\u62c9\u62c9\u90a6\u5a46\u7f57\u95e8\u7684\u5b50\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u4ee5\u5176\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u4eea\u5f0f\u5b9e\u8df5\u3001\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u5bb6\u65cf\u4f20\u7edf\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u4eea\u5f0f\u5b88\u62a4\u8005\u8457\u79f0\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8\uff09\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u9ad8\u4eba\u4e00\u7b49\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f4d\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c3c\u8d6b\u9c81\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5934\u8854\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ed6\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5bf9\u79cd\u59d3\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u59cb\u4e8e18\u4e16\u7eaa\u665a\u671f\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u675c\u5e03\u74e6\uff08Abbe Dubois\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5148\u9a71\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8482\u666e\u82cf\u4e39\u4e0d\u592a\u6e29\u548c\u7684\u529d\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u672a\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u8ba9\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u5f92\u7688\u4f9d\uff0c\u8fd8\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u51e0\u540d\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u8f6c\u800c\u6295\u5165\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u3002<\/p>\n

\u675c\u5e03\u74e6\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u8d21\u732e\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u5c06\u79cd\u59d3\u89c6\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u89c6\u4f5c\u90aa\u6076\u7684\u5a46\u7f57\u95e8\u9634\u8c0b\u3002\u5f53\u4eca\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9634\u8c0b\u8bba\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u53d8\u79cd\uff08\u5982\u5a46\u7f57\u95e8\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u5a46\u7f57\u95e8\u9738\u6743\u3001\u5a46\u7f57\u95e8\u7236\u6743\u5236\u2014\u2014\u4eff\u4f5b\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u795e\u9053\u3001\u6c49\u3001\u72b9\u592a\u7236\u6743\u5236\u5c31\u4e0d\u503c\u5f97\u5173\u6ce8\u4e00\u822c\uff09\u6df1\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa\u65f6\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u8def\u6613\u00b7\u675c\u8499\uff08Louis Dumont\uff09\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u201c\u9636\u5e8f\u4eba\uff08homo hierarchicus\uff09\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8a00\u4e0b\u4e4b\u610f\u662f\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u793e\u4f1a\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u4ece\u6700\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u6240\u949f\u7231\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u7cbe\u795e\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u5bf9\u79cd\u59d3\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5174\u8da3\u59cb\u4e8e\u5b5f\u4e70\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u53e4\u5c14\u8036\uff08G.S. Ghurye\uff09\u6559\u6388\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u5bf9\u79cd\u59d3\u6301\u6709\u5bbd\u5bb9\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e2d\u51e0\u4e4e\u88ab\u9057\u5fd8\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u65af\u91cc\u5c3c\u74e6\u65af\uff08M.N. Srinivas\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u73b0\u5728\u8457\u540d\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u201c\u68b5\u5316\u201d\uff08Sanskritization\uff09\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u540e\u6765\u5370\u5ea6\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u52aa\u9c81\u00b7\u54c8\u6851\u5c3c\u5b89\uff08Nurul Hassanian \uff09\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u548c\u897f\u65b9\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u201c\u5357\u4e9a\u201d\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f46\u5b8c\u5168\u53d6\u4ee3\u65af\u91cc\u5c3c\u74e6\u65af\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4f9d\u65e7\u65b9\u5174\u672a\u827e\u3002\u4f01\u9e45\u5170\u767b\u4e66\u5c4b\u6700\u8fd1\u51fa\u7248\u4e86R\u00b7\u74e6\u4f0a\u8fea\u4e9a\u7eb3\u5766\u6559\u6388\u7684\u300a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u79cd\u59d3\uff1a\u79cd\u59d3\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5730\u4f4d\u300b\uff08Caste as Social Capital: The Complex Place of Caste in Indian Society\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u79cd\u59d3\u95ee\u7684\u65b0\u89d2\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

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11.\u56e0\u4e3a\u57fa\u4e8e\u79cd\u59d3\u7684\u521b\u4e1a\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e3b\u8981\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u975e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u548c\u5408\u4f19\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u5584\u4e8e\u4e0e\u6ee1\u662f\u6587\u4e66\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u65f6\u5e38\u62d6\u5ef6\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u91d1\u878d\u673a\u6784\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u66ff\u4ee3\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u79cd\u59d3\u7f51\u7edc\u5185\u7684\u201c\u4fe1\u4efb\u201d\u56e0\u7d20\u6765\u514b\u670d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u969c\u788d\u300212.\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5e94\u8be5\u5e86\u795d\u79cd\u59d3\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u7528\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6da6\u6ed1\u5242\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5c06\u5176\u8d2c\u4f4e\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u843d\u540e\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u4e00\u4e3e\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u74e6\u4f0a\u8fea\u4e9a\u7eb3\u5766\u5c06\u79cd\u59d3\u4ece\u62b1\u6028\u3001\u547b\u541f\u3001\u6295\u8bc9\u548c\u6ee1\u662f\u6028\u8a00\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\u4e2d\u8f6c\u79fb\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u5145\u6ee1\u6d3b\u529b\u548c\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4f3c\u4e4e\u9ad8\u547c\u201c\u79cd\u59d3\u5236\u5ea6\u4e07\u5c81\u201d\u6216\u81f3\u5c11\u201c\u90e8\u5206\u79cd\u59d3\u5236\u5ea6\u4e07\u5c81\u201d\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u59a5\u3002\u74e6\u4f0a\u8fea\u4e9a\u7eb3\u5766\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u548c\u8868\u683c\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\u5370\u5ea6\u5e76\u4e0d\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n

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