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\u4e00\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u578b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff1a\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u50cf\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u5370\u5ea6<\/h2>\n

\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u540e\u53d1\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u56fd\u5bb6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e24\u56fd\u5f00\u542f\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u9053\u8def\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u957f\uff0c\u8fdc\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u5386\u8fc7\u6b27\u6d32\u548c\u5317\u7f8e\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8fc5\u901f\u6269\u5f20\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u3002\u4e24\u56fd\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u66f4\u77ed\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u8ffd\u4e0a\u5148\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u683c\u820d\u6069\u514b\u9f99\uff081962\u5e74\uff09\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\uff08\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u884c\u653f\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e2d\u592e\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u53ca\u5176\u9644\u5c5e\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u673a\u6784\uff09\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u8bd5\u56fe\u4fc3\u8fdb\u548c\u52a0\u5feb\u5de5\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\u4ea7\u51fa\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u589e\u957f\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ed3\u6784\u8f6c\u5411\u4ee5\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5bfc\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u6709\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u5730\u4ecb\u5165\u56fd\u6c11\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u4f18\u5148\u53d1\u5c55\u672c\u571f\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u4ea7\u4e1a\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u53d1\u5c55\u5177\u6709\u5916\u56fd\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u4ea7\u4e1a\uff08Minns 2001: 1026-9\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53ea\u8981\u56fd\u5bb6\u8bd5\u56fe\u5e76\u6210\u529f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d8\u9769\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u53d1\u5c55\u578b\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u6b64\u52a0\u4ee5\u5206\u6790\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u540e\u53d1\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7ec8\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u529f\u7684\uff0c\u5be5\u5be5\u65e0\u51e0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6210\u529f\u6848\u4f8b\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u81ea\u4e1c\u4e9a\u548c\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u7684\u65b0\u5174\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\uff08Doner\u3001Ritchie\u548cSlater\uff0c2005\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u6210\u529f\u91c7\u53d6\u201c\u53d1\u5c55\u578b\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\u5e76\u5d1b\u8d77\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u4e0e\u522b\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b58\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u56e0\u7d20\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67e5\u5c14\u9ed8\u65af\u00b7\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\uff081982\u5e74\uff09\u5728\u4ed6\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u53d1\u5c55\u578b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u6210\u529f\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u65e5\u672c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u591f\u6210\u529f\u5b9e\u73b0\u53d1\u5c55\u578b\u56fd\u5bb6\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u52a9\u5176\u53d6\u5f97\u6218\u540e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5947\u8ff9\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5177\u5907\u6709\u5229\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5173\u7cfb\u6761\u4ef6\uff0818-20\uff09\uff1a\u65e5\u672c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6743\u529b\u548c\u5a01\u671b\uff0c\u5728\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u76f8\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u53c8\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5b98\u50da\u5546\u4e1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6743\uff1b\u5b83\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u652f\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b98\u50da\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cbe\u82f1\u884c\u653f\u4eba\u5458\u4ece\u7ade\u4e89\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u9009\u62d4\u6027\u8003\u8bd5\u8131\u9896\u800c\u51fa\uff1b\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u5b83\u4ee5\u589e\u957f\u4e3a\u91cd\u70b9\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u5f97\u5230\u65e5\u672c\u7cbe\u82f1\u548c\u5927\u4f17\u7684\u666e\u904d\u652f\u6301\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u201c\u9694\u79bb-\u8054\u7cfb\u201d\uff08insulation-connection\uff09\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u5171\u8bc6\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u8981\u7d20\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u578b\u56fd\u5bb6\u5d1b\u8d77\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f7c\u5f97\u00b7\u57c3\u6587\u65af\uff081995\u5e74\uff09\u5728\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\u7684\u9694\u79bb-\u8054\u7cfb\u5206\u6790\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u201c\u5185\u5d4c\u81ea\u6cbb\u201d\uff08embedded autonomy\uff09\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b83\u8131\u80ce\u4e8e\u5bf9\u97e9\u56fd\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u548c\u5df4\u897f\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u65e2\u6df1\u6df1\u5730\u4e0e\u79c1\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u76f8\u4e92\u7ea0\u7f20\uff0c\u53c8\u8db3\u591f\u5f3a\u5927\u4ee5\u514d\u53d7\u540e\u8005\u5bfb\u79df\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u5173\u7cfb\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6761\u4ef6\u4f7f\u5f97\u53d1\u5c55\u578b\u56fd\u5bb6\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u516c\u79c1\u6e20\u9053\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u6536\u96c6\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u5206\u914d\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5e76\u9632\u6b62\u793e\u4f1a\u76d1\u7ba1\u635f\u5bb3\u5176\u653f\u7b56\u6548\u679c\uff0824-25\uff09\u3002Leftwich\uff081995\uff09\u5bf9\u53d1\u5c55\u578b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u66f4\u7ec6\u81f4\u7684\u516d\u8981\u7d20\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5185\u5d4c\u81ea\u6cbb\u3001\u5b98\u50da\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u4eb2\u589e\u957f\u5171\u8bc6\u7b49\u91cd\u53e0\u65b9\u9762\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ee9\u6548\u5bf9\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ee9\u6548\u4e0e\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u6302\u94a9\u5c06\u8feb\u4f7f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9762\u5bf9\u56f0\u5883\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0b\u5b9a\u51b3\u5fc3\u8d70\u4e0a\u201c\u53d1\u5c55\u578b\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\u7684\u9053\u8def\uff08418-20\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f20\u590f\u51c6\uff082010\uff09\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u603b\u7ed3\u4e3a\u7b80\u660e\u7684\u4e09\u7ef4\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u56fd\u5bb6\u76f8\u5bf9\u81ea\u6cbb\u3001\u7279\u6b8a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u89c4\u5b9a\u548c\u884c\u653f\u4eba\u5458\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6784\u5efa\u53d1\u5c55\u578b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u7684\u6587\u732e\u7efc\u8ff0\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u672c\u6587\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u53ea\u9700\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u76f8\u5173\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e09\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7ed3\u6784\u56e0\u7d20\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u76f8\u5bf9\u81ea\u6cbb\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5176\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u548c\u6267\u884c\u5c06\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u53d7\u5230\u515a\u6d3e\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u5916\u90e8\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u6cbb\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u56fd\u9645\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53d7\u5bf9\u5916\u90e8\u529b\u91cf\u6216\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u9650\u5236\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u5907\u6709\u6548\u5e72\u9884\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u9700\u8981\u6743\u529b\u548c\u6743\u5a01\u3001\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ee5\u53ca\u901a\u8fc7\u56fd\u5bb6-\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6-\u4f01\u4e1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u529f\u80fd\u6574\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u91c7\u53d6\u76f8\u5bf9\u6e05\u6670\u548c\u8fde\u8d2f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6218\u7565\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b98\u5458\u4ee5\u53ca\u666e\u901a\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u53d1\u5c55\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u624b\u6bb5\u62e5\u6709\u5171\u8bc6\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u51b3\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u6210\u4e3a\u53d1\u5c55\u578b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff08\u6216\u975e\u53d1\u5c55\u578b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff09\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u4ecd\u7136\u9700\u8981\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u6700\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u53d1\u5c55\u578b\u56fd\u5bb6\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u5373\u65e9\u671f\u4e9a\u6d32\u65b0\u5174\u5de5\u4e1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u56fd\u5bb6\uff08\u5982\u4e2d\u56fd\uff09\u89c6\u4e3a\u53d1\u5c55\u578b\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u591a\u591a\u5c11\u5c11\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u4e89\u8bae\u548c\u5206\u6b67\u3002\u8003\u8651\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5185\u5916\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7d27\u5bc6\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ed3\u6784\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5168\u7403\u5316\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u9650\u5236\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u90fd\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8ba9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0d\u592a\u80fd\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d1\u5c55\u578b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff08Baek 2005\uff1bWade 2003\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u65e8\u5728\u63a2\u7a76\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5370\u5ea6\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u5171\u540c\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u5374\u53d6\u5f97\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6b63\u9762\u7ed3\u679c\u6848\u4f8b\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u578b\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5948\u7279\uff082014\u5e74\uff09\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u53d1\u5c55\u578b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u8868\u73b0\uff081341-1342\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5370\u5ea6\u5219\u4e0d\u662f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u6784\u5efa\u53d1\u5c55\u578b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff1a<\/h2>\n

\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\u3001\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u6218\u7565\u57fa\u4e8e\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u4e09\u8981\u7d20\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u672c\u8282\u5c06\u8bc4\u4f30\u81ea\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\uff081949\u5e74\uff09\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\uff081947\u5e74\uff09\u6210\u7acb\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4e24\u56fd\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e24\u56fd\u90fd\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e2d\u5370\u4e24\u56fd\u90fd\u5927\u81f4\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u662f\u5efa\u56fd\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u7ed3\u675f\u5219\u8981\u665a\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u4e24\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e72\u9884\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u653f\u7b56\u4fc3\u8fdb\u56fd\u5185\u5de5\u4e1a\u589e\u957f\u548c\u8f6c\u578b\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u591a\u5c11\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u57ce\u4e61\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5931\u8c03\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u7b2c\u4e8c\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\u6b63\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u5168\u9762\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u6536\u655b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e24\u56fd\u90e8\u5206\u653e\u677e\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ba1\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u8d70\u5411\u4e86\u5bf9\u5916\u5f00\u653e\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90e8\u5206\u5173\u952e\u9886\u57df\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4e24\u56fd\u9f13\u52b1\u51fa\u53e3\u5bfc\u5411\u578b\u589e\u957f\u5e76\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u5916\u56fd\u8d44\u672c\u548c\u6280\u672f\uff08Corbridge 2010: 306-14;Knight 2014: 1336-8\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u7740\u5171\u540c\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u53d1\u5c55\u8f68\u8ff9\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u9886\u57df\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u672a\u80fd\u50cf\u4e2d\u56fd\u90a3\u6837\u521b\u9020\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u52a0\u79ef\u6781\u5168\u9762\u7684\u589e\u957f\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u6027\u8981\u8fdc\u8fdc\u4f4e\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4e24\u56fd\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u515a\u9886\u5bfc\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u4f53\u5236\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4f53\u66f4\u6ce8\u91cd\u4e0e\u515a\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5408\u4f5c\u800c\u975e\u7ade\u4e89\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u7701\u7ea7\u4f53\u5236\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u5bf9\u6574\u4f53\u653f\u7b56\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u76d1\u7763\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7531\u4e8e\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u4e3a\u540c\u8d28\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u6587\u5316\u6784\u6210\u548c\u6c49\u65cf\u5728\u4eba\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u6027\u5730\u4f4d\uff08O\u2019Neil\u3001Fields\u548cShare 2013: 378-406\uff09\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u5236\u5b9a\u548c\u6267\u884c\u9762\u5411\u5168\u56fd\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u65f6\u62e5\u6709\u66f4\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u6765\u81ea\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u5730\u533a\u6216\u9636\u7ea7\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u515a\u6d3e\u538b\u529b\u6216\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8054\u90a6\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u7279\u6b8a\u5229\u76ca\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4e2d\u5e72\u6270\u56e0\u7d20\u5305\u62ec\u591a\u515a\u5236\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u89c4\u6a21\u548c\u57fa\u4e8e\u79cd\u59d3\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u503e\u5411\uff08Corbridge 2010: 319-24;<\/p>\n

Ruparelia 2013: 537\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u9762\u5bfc\u81f4\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u4e0e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9009\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f53\u3001\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u653f\u6cbb\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u65b9\u8fdb\u884c\u534f\u5546\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5982\u8d2b\u56f0\u3001\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u516c\u6b63\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5370\u5ea6\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u5236\u5b9a\u548c\u5b9e\u65bd\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u53d1\u5c55\u653f\u7b56\u65f6\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u5f97\u5370\u5ea6\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u534f\u8c03\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u56fd\u5185\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5f31\u3002\u4e24\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u5728\u571f\u5730\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u9762\u4f53\u73b0\u5f97\u6dcb\u6f13\u5c3d\u81f4\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u62e5\u6709\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u6743\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u6539\u9769\u519c\u6751\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u6fc0\u52b1\u4e86\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u591a\u90e8\u95e8\u8f6c\u578b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u529b\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3a\u4e86\u9009\u4e3e\u548c\u884c\u653f\u652f\u6301\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u5bf9\u4f20\u7edf\u7cbe\u82f1\u548c\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u519c\u6751\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u963b\u6b62\u4e86\u5370\u5ea6\u5b9e\u73b0\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6539\u9769\uff08Breman 2010\uff1b<\/p>\n

Huang\uff0cOtsuka\u548cRozelle 2007\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5916\u90e8\u4f9d\u8d56\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4e5f\u5bf9\u4e24\u56fd\u53d1\u5c55\u9053\u8def\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u547d\u8fd0\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u5f71\u54cd\uff1a\u56de\u987e\u4e24\u56fd\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u5386\u7a0b\uff0c\u72ec\u7acb\u540e\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u6bd4\u4e2d\u56fd\u66f4\u4f9d\u8d56\u56fd\u9645\u63f4\u52a9\u548c\u5916\u8d44\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5bf9\u5916\u90e8\u5927\u56fd\uff08\u82cf\u8054\uff09\u7684\u8054\u76df\u5173\u7cfb\u66f4\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\uff08Yahuda 2011\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ece\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u66f4\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u53d1\u5c55\u578b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u81ea\u6cbb\u6743\u3002\u4e0e\u81ea\u6cbb\u6743\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u578b\u56fd\u5bb6\u5d1b\u8d77\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u51b3\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u53d1\u5c55\u578b\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5e72\u9884\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u7f29\u77ed\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8de8\u5ea6\u5e76\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u83b7\u5f97\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u56de\u62a5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5236\u5b9a\u548c\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u5176\u53d1\u5c55\u76ee\u6807\u800c\u8a00\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u80fd\u529b\u65e2\u6d89\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u6309\u7167\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u610f\u56fe\u884c\u4e8b\uff0c\u53c8\u6d89\u53ca\u6280\u672f\u4e13\u957f\uff0c\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u89c4\u5212\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6280\u672f\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u6709\u5173\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\uff08Leftwich 1995\u5e74\uff1a411-14\uff09\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5f20\u590f\u51c6\uff082010\u5e74\uff09\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6210\u529f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u578b\u56fd\u5bb6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u638c\u63e1\u5e7f\u6cdb\u77e5\u8bc6\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u672c\u66f4\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\uff0810-12\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u97e9\u56fd\u548c\u53f0\u6e7e\u6280\u672f\u5b98\u50da\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u66f4\u591a\u662f\u5728\u63d0\u9192\u4eba\u4eec\u8981\u8df3\u51fa\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u201d\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5168\u7136\u5426\u8ba4\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u6743\u529b\u3001\u6743\u5a01\u548c\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6210\u4e3a\u53d1\u5c55\u578b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5173\u952e\u524d\u63d0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u6bd4\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u65e2\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u6bd4\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u66f4\u6709\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u6cbb\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u66f4\u5f3a\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5728\u8bc4\u4f30\u56fd\u5bb6\u81ea\u6cbb\u6743\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u5df2\u7ecf\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fc7\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5dee\u5f02\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u5176\u80fd\u529b\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u6bd4\u5370\u5ea6\u56fd\u5bb6\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6743\u529b\u66f4\u52a0\u96c6\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u66f4\u52a0\u534f\u8c03\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u76ee\u6807\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\uff08\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\uff09\u66f4\u52a0\u670d\u4ece\u548c\u53ef\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u6539\u53d8\u6216\u66ff\u4ee3\u65e2\u5b9a\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u571f\u5730\u6539\u9769\u8ba1\u5212\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u8bc1\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u5176\u53d1\u5c55\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5168\u56fd\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u548c\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u6bd4\u5370\u5ea6\u8981\u597d\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u79d1\u5e03\u91cc\u5947\uff082010\u5e74\uff09\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u4ece\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u533b\u9662\u5230\u9053\u8def\u548c\u94c1\u8def\uff08316\uff09\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u5728\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u65b9\u9762\u4f9b\u7ed9\u4e25\u91cd\u4e0d\u8db3\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u5176\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u94f6\u884c\uff082016e\uff09\u6709\u5173\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u81ea\u81f3\u5c11\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u4ee5\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e2d\u56fd\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u8bc4\u5206\u3002\u5728\u6280\u672f\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u578b\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e5f\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e\u76f8\u5bf9\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b98\u50da\u673a\u6784\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u81ed\u540d\u662d\u8457\u7684\u201c\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u914d\u989d\u5236\u201d\uff08\u5b98\u50da\u673a\u6784\uff09\u56e0\u8fc7\u5ea6\u76d1\u7ba1\u548c\u666e\u904d\u8150\u8d25\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u4e25\u5389\u6279\u8bc4\uff08Herring 1999\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u673a\u6784\u914d\u5907\u4e86\u66f4\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u884c\u653f\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6839\u636e\u66f4\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u62db\u8058\u6807\u51c6\u8fdb\u884c\u9009\u62d4\uff0c\u5e76\u53d7\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u7ee9\u6548\u5236\u664b\u5347\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u6fc0\u52b1\uff08Knight 2014\u5e74\uff1a8-9\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u515a\u5bf9\u5546\u4e1a\u7cbe\u82f1\uff08\u6070\u5982\u5176\u5206\u5730\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7ea2\u8272\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u201d\uff09\u7684\u6709\u6548\u5438\u7eb3\u4e5f\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u201c\u5d4c\u5165\u201d\uff0c\u4e3a\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea4\u6d41\u548c\u6709\u6548\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6709\u5229\u6761\u4ef6\uff08Walder 2002\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u5b9e\u65bd\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba1\u5212\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u65f6\u66f4\u5177\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u91cd\u5927\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u9879\u76ee\u3001\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u8ba1\u5212\u548c\u79d1\u6280\u521b\u65b0\u63a8\u52a8\uff08Breznitz\u548cMurphy 2011\u5e74\uff1bPeerenboom 2007\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u62db\u8058\u6807\u51c6\u4f4e\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8150\u8d25\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5b98\u50da\u673a\u6784\u548c\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u5728\u653f\u7b56\u5b9e\u65bd\u65b9\u9762\u7ecf\u5e38\u9762\u4e34\u6311\u6218\uff08Bardhan 2006\u5e74\uff1bMishra 2006\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u80fd\u529b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u6bd4\u5370\u5ea6\u56fd\u5bb6\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u4fdd\u969c\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53d1\u5c55\u578b\u56fd\u5bb6\u5d1b\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u540e\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u6218\u7565\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5404\u56fd\u91c7\u53d6\u4e0d\u540c\u653f\u7b56\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u627f\u8bfa\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u8303\u5f0f\u548c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e72\u9884\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u540c\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6218\u7565\u6846\u67b6\u6307\u5bfc\u7740\u653f\u7b56\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u6218\u7565\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u82f1\u56fd\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u548c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7b49\u5404\u56fd\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6240\u663e\u793a\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u76f8\u4e92\u548c\u80cc\u666f\u4e0a\u76f8\u5bb9\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u5f62\u5f0f\u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u63a8\u52a8\u5de5\u4e1a\u8f6c\u578b\uff08Gerschenkron 1962\uff09\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u653f\u7b56\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u76f8\u4e92\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u8bf8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u6b63\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u6240\u4e0d\u65ad\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5219\u907f\u514d\u6216\u81f3\u5c11\u8bbe\u6cd5\u6446\u8131\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c40\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b63\u5982\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u5c14\uff082005\uff09\u6240\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u72ec\u7acb\u540e\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6218\u7565\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u4e92\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff1a\u5feb\u901f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u4e0e\u6e10\u8fdb\u793e\u4f1a\u8f6c\u578b\uff08111-2\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u6df7\u5408\u800c\u81ea\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u65e2\u5b9e\u73b0\u5feb\u901f\u589e\u957f\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\uff0c\u53c8\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7a81\u7136\u6539\u53d8\u5373\u5c06\u89e3\u4f53\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u5e72\u9884\u3002\u800c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u6ce2\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u6267\u884c\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u8bf8\u591a\u8d1f\u9762\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5927\u591a\u65701950\u5e74\u540e\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5021\u8bae\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u90fd\u5904\u5728\u4f18\u5148\u5730\u4f4d\uff1b\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u707e\u96be\u6027\u7684\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb\uff081958\u5e74\u81f31960\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff09\u8fd8\u662f1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\u7684\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u90fd\u65e8\u5728\u4ee5\u6700\u5feb\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u589e\u957f\uff08Naughton 2007\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u540e\u6765\u4e24\u56fd\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u5316\u6539\u9769\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u6218\u7565\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\uff1b\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5ffd\u89c6\u5b83\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u540c\u53d1\u5c55\u8f68\u8ff9\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u672c\u6587\u7f16\u8bd1\u81eaE-International Relations 2017\u5e745\u670812\u65e5\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u539f\u6807\u9898\u4e3a\uff1aThe Rise of the Developmental State in China and Its Absence in India Dependence\uff0c\u539f\u7f51\u5740\u4e3a\uff1ahttps:\/\/www.e-ir.info\/2017\/05\/12\/the-rise-of-the-developmental-state-in-china-and-its-absence-in-india\/<\/a>\u672c\u671f\u7f16\u8f91\uff1a\u5b8b\u53ef\u99a8 \u9648\u73cf\u53ef<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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