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\u5854\u5229\u73ed\u4e0d\u60f3\u5377\u5165\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5f53\u5370\u5ea6\u65b9\u9762\u548c\u52ab\u673a\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u8c08\u5224\u7ed3\u675f\u5371\u673a\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4fbf\u5c06\u6b66\u88c5\u5206\u5b50\u9a71\u9010\u51fa\u5883\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bd5\u56fe\u4e0d\u5f97\u7f6a\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fd8\u662f\u5f97\u7f6a\u4e86\u5370\u5ea6\u2014\u2014\u76f4\u5230\u51762001\u5e74\u5012\u53f0\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c\u90fd\u6ca1\u548c\u5854\u5229\u73ed\u5efa\u7acb\u4efb\u4f55\u6c9f\u901a\u6e20\u9053\u3002\u5370\u822a184\u822a\u73ed\u5728\u574e\u5927\u54c8\uff0c1999\u5e7412\u6708\u53e6\u4e00\u8fb9\uff0c\u57281990\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u3001\u4f0a\u6717\u4e00\u8d77\u652f\u6301\u53cd\u5854\u5229\u73ed\u7684\u5317\u65b9\u8054\u76df\u3002\u4f26\u6566\u5927\u5b66\u4e9a\u975e\u5b66\u9662\u5b66\u8005\u963f\u7ef4\u7eb3\u4ec0\u00b7\u5e15\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\uff08Avinash Paliwal\uff09\u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u654c\u4eba\u7684\u654c\u4eba\uff1a\u4ece\u82cf\u8054\u5165\u4fb5\u5230\u7f8e\u519b\u64a4\u9000\u7684\u5370\u5ea6-\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u5173\u7cfb\u300b\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u60c5\u62a5\u90e8\u95e8\u5b98\u5458\u5411\u5176\u900f\u9732\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4ed6\u4eec\u82b1\u8d39\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u628a\u5317\u65b9\u8054\u76df\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6d3e\u7cfb\u3001\u519b\u9600\u56e2\u7ed3\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u64ae\u5408\u4e4c\u5179\u522b\u514b\u65cf\u519b\u9600\u675c\u65af\u5854\u59c6\u548c\u5854\u5409\u514b\u65cf\u5c06\u9886\u9a6c\u82cf\u5fb7\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u5916\u4ea4\u548c\u60c5\u62a5\u7cfb\u7edf\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c31\u57282001\u5e74\u88ab\u6697\u6740\u524d\uff0c\u9a6c\u82cf\u5fb7\u8fd8\u79d8\u5bc6\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u65b0\u5fb7\u91cc\uff0c\u5bfb\u6c42\u66f4\u591a\u652f\u63f4\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u5f53\u5c40\u5728\u8bc4\u5224\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u4ecb\u5165\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u5c40\u52bf\u65f6\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f4\u622a\u4e86\u5f53\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6b64\u4e8b\u548c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u5370\u5ea6\u6700\u5728\u610f\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4e0d\u8ba9\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u5b8c\u5168\u5012\u5411\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5e76\u5a01\u80c1\u5370\u5ea6\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u5c06\u5854\u5229\u73ed\u89c6\u4e3a\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7684\u5080\u5121\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u57f9\u517b\u5404\u79cd\u6e17\u900f\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u6b66\u88c5\u5206\u5b50\u2014\u2014\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u514b\u4ec0\u7c73\u5c14\u5730\u533a\u30021995\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u540d\u53eb\u505aMast Gul\u7684\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u666e\u4ec0\u56fe\u4eba\u5e26\u9886\u4e00\u767e\u4f59\u540d\u6b66\u88c5\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5728\u5370\u63a7\u514b\u4ec0\u7c73\u5c14\u7684\u4e00\u5ea7\u5c0f\u9547\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u519b\u8b66\u4ea4\u706b\uff0c\u7ed9\u5f53\u5730\u9020\u6210\u91cd\u5927\u635f\u5931\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u5e38\u5e38\u628a\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u4eba\u548c\u666e\u4ec0\u56fe\u4eba\u6df7\u4e3a\u4e00\u8c08\uff0c\u8fd9\u573a\u88ad\u51fb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u66f4\u52a0\u91cd\u4e86\u5370\u5ea6\u5b98\u5458\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u201c\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u4eba\u6405\u5c40\u514b\u4ec0\u7c73\u5c14\u201d\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u2014\u2014\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u548c\u5854\u5229\u73ed\u5176\u5b9e\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n

\u540e\u8005\u57281996\u5e74\u88ab\u95ee\u5230\u514b\u4ec0\u7c73\u5c14\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u548c\u90bb\u5c45\u4eec\u4fdd\u6301\u53cb\u597d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u613f\u5e72\u6d89\u4ed6\u56fd\u5185\u653f\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e72\u6d89\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5185\u653f\u3002\u201d\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u663e\u793a\u5370\u5ea6\u4f1a\u5728\u601d\u8003\u5bf9\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u653f\u7b56\u65f6\u653e\u5f03\u201c\u4ee5\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u201d\u7684\u8003\u8651\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8003\u91cf\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u91cd\u8fd4\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u5854\u5229\u73ed\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u201c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5229\u76ca\u201d\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\uff1f\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\uff1f\u5176\u5bf9\u6253\u51fb\u5883\u5185\u8de8\u5883\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u80fd\u591f\u5151\u73b0\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c06\u5f71\u54cd\u65b0\u5fb7\u91cc\u5bf9\u5854\u5229\u73ed\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u4f17\u58f0\u55a7\u54d7\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e2\u6709\u58f0\u97f3\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5854\u5229\u73ed\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5854\u5229\u73ed\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u6240\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u5e94\u5c3d\u5feb\u4e0e\u5176\u5f00\u5c55\u63a5\u89e6\u548c\u78cb\u5546\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f71\u54cd\u5370\u5ea6\u6001\u5ea6\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u653f\u5e9c\u4efb\u60c5\u62a5\u673a\u6784\u4e3b\u7ba1\u65f6\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u60c5\u62a5\u90e8\u95e8\u5f80\u6765\u751a\u591a\u7684\u524d\u526f\u603b\u7edf\u8428\u5229\u8d6b\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u6f58\u67e5\u5e0c\u5c14\u5c71\u8c37\u548c\u9a6c\u82cf\u5fb7\u7684\u65e7\u90e8\u4e00\u8d77\u96c6\u7ed3\u53cd\u5854\u5229\u73ed\u7684\u6b66\u88c5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c40\u9762\u65e0\u7591\u8ba9\u65b0\u5fb7\u91cc\u9677\u5165\u4e24\u96be\u2014\u2014\u662f\u5426\u7ee7\u7eed\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eb2\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u653f\u6cbb\u529b\u91cf\uff1f\u4e00\u65e6\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53c8\u6ca1\u529e\u6cd5\u62b5\u6321\u5854\u5229\u73ed\u7684\u653b\u52bf\uff0c\u65b0\u5fb7\u91cc\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u5728\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u5931\u53bb\u66f4\u591a\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u5370\u5df4\u5728\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u7684\u535a\u5f08\u957f\u671f\u5b58<\/h2>\n

\u5728\u5728\u6709\u7740\u201c\u5e1d\u56fd\u575f\u573a\u201d\u4e4b\u79f0\u7684\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u519b\u961f\u3001\u82cf\u8054\u519b\u961f\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u519b\u961f\u90fd\u6ca1\u80fd\u5728\u8fd9\u7247\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\u53d6\u5f97\u80dc\u5229\u3002\u4ece\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u4fc4\u56fd19\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u7684\u201c\u5927\u535a\u5f08\u201d\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u5c31\u662f\u5e1d\u56fd\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u5927\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u60f3\u8981\u8fdb\u653b\u548c\u593a\u53d6\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u56e0\u7d20\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\u62c5\u5fc3\u82f1\u5c5e\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u6050\u60e7\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u843d\u5728\u4fc4\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u624b\u4e0a\u8fdb\u800c\u5a01\u80c1\u5230\u5fb7\u91cc\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u64a4\u51fa\u5370\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u8fd0\u7528\u653f\u6cbb\u624b\u8155\u5728\u5357\u4e9a\u7559\u4e0b\u5370\u5df4\u5206\u6cbb\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u88c2\u75d5\u548c\u5730\u7f18\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u65b0\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u548c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e5f\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u82f1\u5370\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6267\u7740\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u6218\u7565\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5bf9\u5370\u5ea6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7684\u540e\u9662\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5370\u5ea6\u548c\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u7ed3\u76df\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u897f\u90e8\u6cbf\u675c\u5170\u5fb7\u7ebf\u5212\u5206\u7684\u56fd\u5883\u7ebf\u5c06\u9762\u4e34\u666e\u4ec0\u56fe\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6311\u6218\u2014\u2014\u8fdb\u800c\u5a01\u80c1\u5230\u6574\u4e2a\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u4ece\u82cf\u8054-\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u6218\u4e89\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5370\u5df4\u51b2\u7a81\u5c31\u548c\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u5c40\u52bf\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u4e86\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u4e0d\u80fd\u5141\u8bb8\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u7ed3\u76df\u7684\u82cf\u8054\u5c06\u5176\u52bf\u529b\u8303\u56f4\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u81ea\u8eab\u897f\u90e8\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5e2e\u52a9\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e00\u8d77\u5728\u897f\u90e8\u5c71\u533a\u8bad\u7ec3\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u201c\u5723\u6218\u8005\u201d\u53cd\u51fb\u82cf\u8054\u3002\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5386\u53f2\u6709\u4e00\u5c42\u66f4\u6df1\u7684\u80cc\u666f\uff1a1971\u5e74\u5370\u5ea6\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u5370\u5df4\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u91cd\u521b\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u4e1c\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u80a2\u89e3\u51fa\u53bb\u72ec\u7acb\u4e3a\u5b5f\u52a0\u62c9\u56fd\u3002\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u9762\u5bf9\u5370\u5ea6\u65f6\u7684\u6781\u5ea6\u7126\u8651\u88ab\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bf9\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u53cd\u82cf\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u5168\u529b\u652f\u6301\u30021990\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5854\u5229\u73ed\u593a\u53d6\u4e86\u5580\u5e03\u5c14\u653f\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u662f\u5c11\u6570\u51e0\u4e2a\u627f\u8ba4\u5854\u5229\u73ed\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u800c\u5370\u5ea6\u5219\u9009\u62e9\u652f\u6301\u5317\u65b9\u8054\u76df\u53cd\u5bf9\u5854\u5229\u73ed\u3002\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u7b56\u754c\uff0c\u201c\u53cd\u5df4\u201d\u7684\u503e\u5411\u4e00\u76f4\u538b\u8fc7\u4e3b\u5f20\u548c\u5854\u5229\u73ed\u653f\u6743\u4fdd\u6301\u6c9f\u901a\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u65e0\u6570\u9971\u53d7\u6218\u4e71\u4e4b\u82e6\u7684\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u4eba\u7684\u6700\u5927\u9003\u96be\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u3002\u65e9\u5728\u82cf\u8054-\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u4eba\u6210\u4e3a\u96be\u6c11\u8fdb\u5165\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u96be\u6c11\u8425\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u65e5\u540e\u201c\u5723\u6218\u201d\u6b66\u88c5\u548c\u5854\u5229\u73ed\u7684\u62db\u52df\u91cd\u5730\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u96be\u6c11\u7f72\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c2020\u5e74\u6709\u8fd1150\u4e07\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u4eba\u9003\u81f3\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\uff0c\u4f0a\u6717\u5219\u63a5\u6536\u4e8678\u4e07\u30022020\u5e74\uff0c\u63a5\u6536\u6700\u591a\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u96be\u6c11\u548c\u5bfb\u6c42\u5e87\u62a4\u8005\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u8bf8\u591a\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u7cbe\u82f1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u524d\u603b\u7edf\u5361\u5c14\u624e\u4f0a\u66fe\u4e8e1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u7559\u5b66\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u907f\u5f00\u4e86\u82cf\u8054-\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u6218\u4e89\u521d\u671f\u7684\u5c40\u52bf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b21\u4ece\u5580\u5e03\u5c14\u9003\u53bb\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u4eba\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u52a0\u5c3c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u5370\u5df4\u51b2\u7a81\u6405\u52a8\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u672a\u6765\u5c40\u52bf\u81ea2001\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u53d1\u52a8\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u6218\u4e89\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u4e0e\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u9ad8\u5c42\u4e92\u8bbf\u5bc6\u5207\uff0c\u83ab\u8fea2014\u5e74\u5c31\u4efb\u5370\u5ea6\u603b\u7406\u540e\u66fe\u4e24\u6b21\u51fa\u8bbf\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u3002\u5c31\u5728\u4e0d\u4e45\u524d\u76847\u6708\u5e95\uff0c\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u548c\u89e3\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u963f\u535c\u675c\u62c9\u00b7\u963f\u535c\u675c\u62c9\u8fd8\u521a\u521a\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e86\u65b0\u5fb7\u91cc\u30022020\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u5916\u957f\u82cf\u6770\u751f\u5728\u5fb7\u91cc\u548c\u539f\u5317\u65b9\u8054\u76df\u4e4c\u5179\u522b\u514b\u65cf\u519b\u9600\u675c\u65af\u5854\u59c6\u4ea4\u8c08\u8fc7\u53bb20\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u901a\u8fc7\u5404\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5728\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u5e73\u8861\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u201c\u8f6f\u5b9e\u529b\u201d\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\u5927\u91cf\u5438\u7eb3\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u7559\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u8bad\u7ec3\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u519b\u8b66\uff0c\u5e76\u63f4\u5efa\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u5927\u578b\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5580\u5e03\u5c14\u7684\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u56fd\u4f1a\u5927\u53a6\u3001\u4f4d\u4e8e\u8d6b\u62c9\u7279\u7684\u5370\u5ea6-\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u53cb\u8c0a\u5927\u575d\uff08Salma Dam\uff09\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

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