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\u4e0d\u608c\u4e9a\u4eba\u867d\u79fb\u5c45\u9521\u91d1\u5404\u5730\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5c45\u5317\u8fb9\u8005\uff0c\u4ecd\u4ee5\u8d38\u6613\u53ca\u755c\u7267\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4e1a\uff0c\u519c\u4e1a\u8f83\u6b21\u3002\u5f7c\u7b49\u559c\u597d\u5c45\u4f4f\u4e8e\u9ad8\u51b7\u4e4b\u5730\u3002\u4e0d\u608c\u4e9a\u4eba\u4e43\u662f\u7531\u897f\u85cf\u5eb7\u5df4\uff08Kham\uff09\u5730\u533a\u79fb\u5165\u4e4b\u5eb7\u5df4\u4eba\uff08Kham-pa\uff09\u3002\u4fe1\u5949\u85cf\u4f20\u4f5b\u6559\uff0c\u5176\u8a00\u8bed\u4e3a\u85cf\u8bed\u4e4b\u4e00\u652f\u3002\u9521\u91d1\u738b\u5ba4\u6765\u81ea\u6b64\u65cf\u3002\u9521\u91d1\u4e0d\u608c\u4e9a\u4eba\uff0c\u56fe\u6e90Library of Congress\u7f51\u7ad93.\u5c3c\u6cca\u5c14\u4eba\uff08Nepali\uff09\uff1a\u4e3a\u9521\u91d1\u5883\u5185\u4eba\u6570\u6700\u591a\u4e4b\u4e00\u652f\u5c45\u6c11\uff0c\u539f\u7cfb\u7531\u5c3c\u6cca\u5c14\u9010\u6e10\u79fb\u5165\uff0c\u52e4\u52c9\u5411\u4e0a\u6e10\u5c45\u9521\u91d1\u4f01\u4e1a\u53ca\u884c\u653f\u4e4b\u8981\u4f4d\u3002\u5c3c\u6cca\u5c14\u4eba\u4fe1\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u4e14\u9075\u5949\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u4e4b\u79cd\u59d3\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u590f\u5c14\u5df4\u4eba\uff08Sherpas\uff09\uff0c\u7cfb\u4e3b\u8981\u5c45\u4e8e\u9521\u91d1\u4e4b\u897f\u90e8\uff0c\u53ca\u5854\u66fc\u4eba\uff08Tamangs\uff09\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u5219\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4f5b\u6559\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c3c\u6cca\u5c14\u5973\u5b69\uff0c\u56fe\u6e90Library of Congress\u7f51\u7ad94.\u85cf\u4eba\uff08Tsongs\uff09\uff1a\u539f\u5c45\u539f\u5c5e\u897f\u85cf\u4e4b\u96c5\u9c81\u85cf\u5e03\u6c5f\u5ce1\u8c37\u5730\u533a\uff08Tsang-po\uff09\uff0c\u73b0\u8be5\u5730\u5c5e\u5c3c\u6cca\u5c14\u4e4b\u6797\u4e0d\u74e6\u90a3\u533a\uff08Linbuwana\uff09\uff0c\u8be5\u5730\u66fe\u4e3a\u9521\u91d1\u897f\u90e8\u4e4b\u4e00\u5730\u3002\u85cf\u4eba\u4eba\u6570\u5c11\u4f46\u81ea\u6210\u4e00\u65cf\u3002\u6b64\u5916\u5c1a\u6709\u5c11\u6570\u5370\u5ea6\u5546\u4eba\u64cd\u7eb5\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u9887\u6709\u52bf\u529b\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u56db\u79cd\u6c11\u65cf\u4eba\u53e3\u517120\u4e07\uff0c\u9664\u85cf\u4eba\u53ca\u5370\u4eba\u6570\u5c11\u4e0d\u8ba1\u5916\uff0c\u5c3c\u6cca\u5c14\u4eba\u4eba\u6570\u6700\u591a\uff0c\u7ea6\u5360\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u4e4b75%\uff1b\u4e0d\u608c\u4e9a\u4eba\u53ca\u5217\u666e\u5bdf\u4eba\u5219\u5404\u536012.5%\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u73b0\u4eca\u5c1a\u6709\u5c11\u6570\u5916\u8fc1\u85cf\u6c11\u5c45\u4e8e\u9521\u91d1\u5883\u5185\u3002\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u5386\u53f2\u80cc\u666f\u9521\u91d1\u65e9\u671f\u5386\u53f2\u6df1\u53d7\u85cf\u4f20\u4f5b\u6559\uff08\u5587\u561b\u6559\uff09\u4f20\u8bf4\u4e4b\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u73b0\u59d1\u7f6e\u4e0d\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u4eca\u9521\u91d1\u738b\u5ba4\u5148\u7956\u4e43\u6765\u81ea\u540d\u4e3a\u6770\u94b5\u8428\u5c14\uff08Khye-bun-sar\uff09\u897f\u85cf\u4f20\u8bf4\u4e2d\u4e4b\u82f1\u96c4\u3002\u6770\u94b5\u8428\u5c14\u4e4b\u540e\u5206\u4e3a\u516d\u59d3\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5eb7\u5df4\u5206\u4e3a\u516b\u59d3\uff0c\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u516b\u59d3\u8d35\u65cf\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e3a\u9521\u91d1\u65e9\u671f\u4e4b\u201c\u5341\u56db\u59d3\u85cf\u65cf\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u540e\u85cf\u65cf\u4ed6\u59d3\u9646\u7eed\u79fb\u5165\u9521\u91d1\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u9521\u91d1\u4e4b\u7edf\u6cbb\u6c11\u65cf\u3002\u9521\u91d1\u738b\u5ba4\u4e16\u7cfb\u8868\uff0c\u56fe\u6e90\uff1aREDDIT\u73b0\u7b80\u5217\u9521\u91d1\u738b\u5ba4\u4e16\u7cfb\u8868\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a1. \u51af\u9519\u5357\u5609\uff08Phuntshog Namgyal\uff09\u751f\u4e8e1604\u5e74\uff0c1642\u5e74\u83b7\u5927\u541b\uff08Chogyal\uff09\u540d\u53f7\u3002\u5176\u52bf\u529b\u8303\u56f4\u5317\u8d77\u85cf\u62c9\uff08Thang-la\uff09\u8d8a\u8fc7\u4e2d\u56fd\u897f\u85cf\u5883\u5185\u7684\u5e15\u91cc\u9547\uff08Phari\uff09\uff1b\u4e1c\u81f3\u5854\u516c\u62c9\uff08Tagongla\uff09\u8fd1\u4e0d\u4e39\u5883\u5185\u7684\u5e15\u7f57\uff08Paro\uff09\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u5357\u81f3\u608c\u5854\u5229\u4e9a\uff08Titalia\uff09\uff0c\u8fd1\u4eca\u65e5\u5370\u5ea6\u6bd4\u54c8\u5c14\u90a6\uff08Bihar\uff09\u53ca\u897f\u5b5f\u52a0\u62c9\uff08Bengal\uff09\u8fb9\u754c\u5904\uff1b\u897f\u90bb\u5c3c\u6cca\u5c14\u4e4b\u608c\u9a6c\u5c14\u6cb3\uff08Timar R.\uff09\uff0c\u508d\u4e4b\u608c\u9a6c\u5c14\u9519\u5c14\u9093\uff08Timar Chorten\uff09\u30022.\u9093\u677e\u5357\u5609\uff08Tensung Namgyal\uff09\uff0c\u51af\u9519\u4e4b\u5b50\uff0c\u751f\u4e8e1644\u5e74\uff0c1670\u5e74\u7ee7\u4f4d\u30023.\u5bdf\u591a\u5357\u5609\uff08Chokdor Namgyal\uff09\uff0c\u9093\u677e\u4e4b\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u6bcd\u4e3a\u9521\u91d1\u4eba\uff0c\u751f\u4e8e1686\u5e74\uff0c1700\u5e74\u7ee7\u4f4d\u3002\u5728\u4f4d\u671f\u95f4\u59d0\u5f1f\u4e89\u4f4d\uff0c\u9521\u91d1\u5185\u4e71\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e39\u519b\u9042\u5165\u4fb5\u3002\u5bdf\u591a\u5165\u85cf\u4e8b\u516d\u4e16\u8fbe\u8d56\uff0c\u83b7\u8d50\u201c\u4e2d\u85cf\u91c7\u9091\u201d\u30021717\u5e74\u88ab\u6bd2\u6bd9\u30024.\u5c45\u5c14\u7f8e\u5fb7\uff08Gyurmed\uff09\uff0c\u5bdf\u591a\u4e4b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n

5.\u5357\u5609\u94b5\u5468\uff08\u51af\u9519\uff09\uff08Namgual Penchoo\uff09,\u5c45\u5c14\u7f8e\u5fb7\u4e0e\u5973\u5c3c\u4e4b\u5b50\uff0c\u751f\u4e8e1733\u5e74\u3002\u5b97\u94b5\uff08Dzongpon\uff09\u5f20\u591a\u8c08\u4e01\uff08Chandzod Tamding\uff09\u53db\u4e71\uff0c\u81ea\u5c01\u4e3a\u5927\u541b\uff0c\u5931\u8d25\u540e\u9003\u4ea1\u897f\u85cf\u3002\u85cf\u9057\u5566\u767b\u6c99\u5df4\uff08Rahden Sharpa\uff09\u9a7b\u9521\u8c03\u505c\u3002\u5566\u767b\u5c45\u9521\u6570\u8f7d\u540e\u8fd4\u85cf\uff0c\u627f\u8ba4\u51af\u9519\u4e3a\u9521\u91d1\u5927\u541b\u3002\u65f6\u4e0d\u4e39\u3001\u5c3c\u6cca\u5c14\u519b\u961f\u76f8\u7ee7\u5165\u4fb5\uff0c1775\u5e74\u9521\u91d1-\u5c3c\u6cca\u5c14\u6761\u7ea6\u627f\u8ba4\u6cbf\u4e09\u6c9f\u73e0\uff08Sango Chu\uff09\u3001\u5c71\u72c4\u5b97\uff08Sangdizong\uff09\u3001\u9a6c\u91cc\u4e9a\u6d0b\uff08Malliayang\uff09\u53ca\u62c9\u73e0\uff08Lha Chu\uff09\u7ebf\u4e3a\u4e24\u56fd\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u7136\u4e0d\u4e45\u5c3c\u6cca\u5c14\u5ed3\u5c14\u5580\u4eba\uff08Gurkhas\uff09\u53c8\u5165\u4fb5\u5360\u9886\u827e\u5170\u59c6\uff08Elam\uff09\u53ca\u62d6\u666e\u5b97\uff08Topzong\uff09\u5404\u5730\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u8be5\u6761\u7ea6\u5931\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n

6.\u9093\u91d1\u5357\u5609\uff08Tenzing Namgyal\uff09\uff0c\u51af\u9519\u4e4b\u5b50\uff0c1769\u5e74\u751f\uff0c1780\u5e74\u7ee7\u4f4d\uff0c\u5a36\u5217\u666e\u5bdf\u4eba\u9996\u9886\u5f20\u591a\u5361\u5c14\u738b\uff08Changzod Karwang\uff09\u4e4b\u5973\u4e3a\u59bb\uff0c1785\u5e74\u751f\u5b50\u695a\u5e9c\u5357\u5609\uff08Tsugphud Namgyal\uff09\u3002\u65f6\u9521\u91d1\u7ecf\u5e74\u4e0e\u4e0d\u4e39\u3001\u5c3c\u6cca\u5c14\u4ea4\u6218\u30021788\u52301789\u5e74\uff0c\u5c3c\u6cca\u5c14\u5ed3\u5c14\u5580\u4eba\u672d\u54c8\u5c14\u00b7\u8f9b\u54c8\uff08Jahar Singh\uff09\u5c06\u519b\u653b\u9677\u9521\u91d1\u5f53\u65f6\u9996\u90fd\u62c9\u5e03\u767b\u6cfd\uff08Rabdentze\uff09\uff0c\u9093\u91d1\u9003\u4ea1\u81f3\u62c9\u8428\uff0c1793\u5e74\u5ba2\u6b7b\u62c9\u8428\u3002\u897f\u85cf\u65b9\u9762\u4e8e\u540c\u5e74\u9001\u5176\u5b50\u695a\u5e9c\u8fd4\u9521\u30021792\u5e74\u85cf\u5c3c\u6761\u7ea6\u4e2d\uff0c\u9521\u91d1\u5272\u63d0\u58eb\u5854\u6cb3\u5de6\u5cb8\u4e88\u5c3c\u6cca\u5c14\uff0c\u4e14\u897f\u85cf\u6536\u56de\u516d\u4e16\u8fbe\u8d56\u65f6\u8d50\u4e88\u9521\u91d1\u5927\u541b\u5bdf\u591a\u4e4b\u91c7\u9091\u3002<\/p>\n

1814\u81f31815\u5e74\u95f4\u4e4b\u82f1\u5c3c\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c3c\u4eba\u88ab\u9a97\u51fa\u9521\u91d1\u4e4b\u897f\u5357\u90e8\u30021817\u5e74\u608c\u5854\u5229\u4e9a\u6761\u7ea6\uff08Treaty of Titalia\uff09\u4e2d\u89c4\u5b9a\u9521\u91d1\u53ca\u5c3c\u6cca\u5c14\u4e4b\u8fb9\u754c\u7cfb\u6cbf\u9a6c\u54c8\u90a3\u72c4\u6cb3\uff08Ma-hnati River \uff09\u53ca\u7c73\u5947\u6cb3\uff08Michi River\uff09\u4e0e\u661f\u5409\u5217\u62c9\u5c71\u4e00\u7ebf\uff0c\u5e76\u6536\u56de\u90e8\u5206\u5357\u90e8\u5fb7\u8d56\uff08Terai\uff09\u5e73\u539f\u5730\u533a\u53ca\u559c\u9a6c\u62c9\u96c5\u5c71\u5357\u9e93\u3002\u5176\u540e\u82f1\u56fd\u56e0\u6b32\u5317\u7aa5\u5c3c\u85cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e8e1841\u5e74\u4ee5\u6bcf\u5e74\u8865\u507f3000\u5362\u5e03\uff08\u540e\u589e\u81f36000\uff09\u4e3a\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u9521\u91d1\u5272\u8ba9\u5927\u5409\u5cad\uff08Darjeeling\uff09\u4e8e\u82f1\u30021850\u5e74\u53ca1861\u5e74\u82f1\u519b\u4e8c\u6b21\u5165\u4fb5\uff0c\u9521\u91d1\u53c8\u4e27\u5931\u90e8\u5206\u9886\u571f\u4e8e\u82f1\u3002<\/p>\n

7.\u695a\u5e9c\u5609\u5357\uff0c\u75311793\u5e74\u8d77\u7edf\u6cbb\u9521\u91d1\u8fd1\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u30021861\u5e74\u79f0\u5927\u541b\uff08Maharaja\uff09\u30028.\u5e0c\u8d21\u5357\u5609\uff08Sidkeong Namgyal\uff09\uff0c1861\u5e74\u5373\u4f4d\uff0c1874\u5e74\u85a8\u30029.\u571f\u6258\u5357\u5609\uff08Thutob Namgyal\uff09\uff0c\u5e0c\u8d21\u4e4b\u540c\u7236\u5f02\u6bcd\u5f1f\uff0c\u695a\u5e9c\u4e4b\u4e94\u59bb\u95e8\u5409\uff08Menchi\uff09\u6240\u751f\uff0c1874\u5e74\u7ee7\u4f4d\u30021891\u5e742\u6708\u666e\u5bdf\u9521\u91d1\u4eba\u53e3\u4e3a3\u4e07\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u666e\u5bdf\u4eba\u53ca\u4e0d\u608c\u4e9a\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u4e3aLimbus\u3001Gurungs\u3001Murmis\u3001Rais\u3001Khambus\u3001Mangars\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5404\u5c0f\u652f\u5b97\u7cfb\u4eba\u7b49\u3002\u571f\u6258\u65f6\u671f\u5c3c\u6cca\u5c14\u4eba\u5f00\u59cb\u5927\u91cf\u79fb\u5c45\u9521\u91d1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u82f1\u56fd\u52a0\u901f\u7ecf\u7531\u9521\u91d1\u8fdb\u7aa5\u897f\u85cf\u30021888\u5e74\u82f1\u519b\u4fb5\u5165\u85cf\u5883\u4e4b\u9f99\u90fd\uff08Lungthu\uff09\u30021890\u5e74\u5728\u52a0\u5c14\u5404\u7b54\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e4b\u4e2d\u82f1\u6761\u7ea6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6e05\u5ef7\u3001\u897f\u85cf\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u7686\u627f\u8ba4\u9521\u91d1\u53d7\u82f1\u56fd\u4e4b\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u6761\u7ea6\u4e2d\u9664\u89c4\u5b9a\u73b0\u4eca\u4e4b\u85cf\u3001\u9521\u8fb9\u754c\u7ebf\u5916\uff0c\u9521\u91d1\u4eca\u540e\u4e0d\u518d\u8981\u6c42\u5176\u738b\u4e16\u4ee3\u590f\u8425\u4e4b\u6625\u4e15\u8c37\u5730\uff08Chumbi Valley\uff09\u30021893\u5e74\u4e4b\u6362\u6587\u4e2d\u89c4\u5b9a\u53cc\u65b9\u4e4b\u8d38\u6613\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u53ca\u6e38\u7267\u8349\u5730\u7b49\u9879\u30021889\u5e74\u82f1\u56fd\u9996\u7f6e\u653f\u6cbb\u957f\u5b98\uff08Political Officer\uff09\u4e8e\u9521\u91d1\u300210.\u5e0c\u8d21\u6258\u571f\uff08Sidkeong Thotub\uff09\uff0c\u571f\u6258\u4e4b\u5b50\uff0c1914\u5e74\u7ee7\u4f4d\uff0c\u5f53\u5e74\u51ac\u85a8\u30021914\u5e74\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u3001\u897f\u85cf\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u4e09\u65b9\u5728\u897f\u59c6\u62c9\u4f1a\u8bae\uff08Simla Convention\uff09\u4e2d\u627f\u8ba41890\u5e74\u4e2d\u3001\u82f1\u52a0\u5c14\u5404\u7b54\u6761\u7ea6\u4e2d\u6240\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u897f\u85cf-\u9521\u91d1\u8fb9\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n

11.\u5854\u5e0c\u5357\u5609\uff08Tashi Namgyal\uff09\uff0c\u5e0c\u8d21\u5357\u5609\u4e4b\u540c\u7236\u5f02\u6bcd\u5f1f\uff0c1914\u5e74\u7ee7\u4f4d\uff0c\u6cbb\u56fd\u51e0\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u63a8\u884c\u591a\u9879\u6539\u9769\u30021947\u5e74\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c1946\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u5370\u603b\u7763\u5a01\u83f2\u5c14\u7235\u58eb\uff08the Viceroy of India Lord Wavell\uff09\u5ba3\u79f0\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u65b0\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e0b\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5c06\u4e2d\u6b62\u4e0e\u5370\u5404\u90a6\u4e4b\u5173\u7cfb\u30021935\u5e74\u4e4b\u5370\u5ea6\u5baa\u6cd5\u4f7f\u9521\u91d1\u5177\u6709\u82f1\u5370\u8bf8\u85e9\u90a6\u540c\u7b49\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u56e0\u4e4b\u7531\u5f53\u65f6\u9521\u91d1\u738b\u50a8\uff08Maharajkumar\uff09, \u5373\u5f53\u4eca\u56fd\u738b\uff08Chogyal\uff09\u4e4b\u5e15\u767b\u00b7\u4e1c\u675c\u00b7\u5357\u5609\uff08Palden Thondup Namgyal\uff09\u7387\u9886\u9521\u91d1\u4ee3\u8868\u56e2\u524d\u5f80\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e0e\u8bf8\u738b\u4f1a\u8bae\uff08Chamber of Princes\uff09\u534f\u5546\uff0c1947\u5e741\u670822\u65e5\u5370\u5ea6\u627f\u8ba4\u9521\u91d1\u5c45\u7279\u6b8a\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u53ca\u81f31950\u5e7412\u67085\u65e5\u53cc\u65b9\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e4b\u5370\u3001\u9521\u6761\u7ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

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1950\u5e74\u9521\u3001\u5370\u6761\u7ea6\u7b7e\u8ba2\u540e\uff0c\u9521\u91d1\u867d\u6ca6\u4e3a\u5370\u5ea6\u4e4b\u4fdd\u62a4\u56fd\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u5374\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u6ee1\u8db3\uff0c\u6781\u529b\u4f38\u5f20\u52bf\u529b\u4e8e\u9521\u91d1\u5404\u9636\u5c42\u53ca\u5404\u5730\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u66b4\u53d11962\u5e74\u51b2\u7a81\u540e\uff0c\u9521\u91d1\u56e0\u5176\u6240\u5c45\u6218\u7565\u5730\u4f4d\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u66f4\u52a0\u7d27\u5176\u5bf9\u9521\u91d1\u4e4b\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u53e3\u4ec520\u4e07\u3001\u9762\u79ef7100\u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc\u4e4b\u9521\u91d1\uff0c\u9a7b\u6709\u5370\u5ea6\u6b63\u89c4\u519b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e08\u53ca\u5927\u91cf\u4e4b\u201c\u4e2d\u592e\u540e\u5907\u8b66\u5bdf\u961f\u201d \u7b49\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u519b\u3001\u8b66\u3001\u7279\u52a1\u529b\u91cf\u904d\u53ca\u9521\u91d1\u30021968\u5e74\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u603b\u7406\u82f1\u8fea\u62c9\u00b7\u7518\u5730\u4e0e\u5e15\u767b\u00b7\u4e1c\u675c\u00b7\u5357\u5609\uff08Palden Thondup Namgya\uff09\u5728\u7518\u6258\u514b\u7684\u62c9\u5c14\u96c6\u5e02\u4e0a\u6563\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u6e90\uff1aforeignpolicy.com\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9521\u91d1\u65b9\u9762\u6df1\u53d7\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5927\u6218\u540e\u6c11\u65cf\u72ec\u7acb\u601d\u6f6e\u4e4b\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u53c8\u9274\u4e8e\u5c3c\u6cca\u5c14\u4e2d\u7acb\u653f\u7b56\u4e4b\u826f\u597d\u8fd0\u7528\uff0c\u53ca1971\u5e74\u4e0d\u4e39\u7a81\u7834\u5370\u5ea6\u4e4b\u963b\u6320\u800c\u52a0\u5165\u8054\u5408\u56fd\uff0c\u9521\u91d1\u4e0a\u4e0b\u591a\u4e3b\u5f20\u5e9f\u6b621950\u5e74\u4e4b\u9521\u3001\u5370\u6761\u7ea6\uff0c\u5411\u5370\u5ea6\u4e89\u5e73\u7b49\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u53ca\u52a0\u5165\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u3002\u9521\u91d1\u56fd\u738b\u5357\u5609\u81ea1964\u5e74\u5373\u4f4d\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u66fe\u591a\u6b21\u8981\u6c42\u4fee\u6539\u9521\u3001\u5370\u6761\u7ea6\u30021968\u5e748\u6708\u9521\u91d1\u9996\u90fd\u7518\u6258\u514b\u53d1\u751f\u53cd\u5370\u793a\u5a01\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5e9f\u9664\u9521\u3001\u5370\u6761\u7ea6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u9521\u738b\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u9521\u91d1\u8981\u9521\u91d1\u5316\u201d\u53e3\u53f7\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6297\u5370\u7279\u4e4b\u717d\u52a8\u3001\u6e17\u900f\u3001\u98a0\u8986\u30021972\u5e745\u67083\u65e5\u9521\u738b\u8bbf\u5370\uff0c\u4e0e\u5370\u603b\u7406\u82f1\u8fea\u62c9\u00b7\u7518\u5730\u5546\u8c08\u5e9f\u6b62\u9521\u3001\u5370\u6761\u7ea6\u53ca\u9521\u91d1\u52a0\u5165\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u8bf8\u4e8b\uff0c\u56e0\u7518\u5730\u6781\u529b\u963b\u6320\u800c\u672a\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5728\u8be5\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eb2\u738b\u5ba4\u4e4b\u9521\u88d4\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\uff08National Party\uff09\u83b7\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7968\u800c\u51fb\u8d25\u524d\u8ff0\u4e8c\u515a\u3002\u6309\u5f53\u65f6\u4e4b\u9009\u4e3e\u5236\u5ea6\u53ca\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4f7f\u53cd\u5bf9\u515a\u5728\u8be5\u670924\u5e2d\u4e4b\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5c45\u4e8e\u5c11\u6570\u6d3e\u30021973\u5e743\u6708\u5e95\u5927\u9009\u5f00\u7968\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4eb2\u9521\u738b\u4e4b\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5f9711\u5e2d\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u53cd\u5bf9\u515a\u5219\u53607\u5e2d\uff1b\u4f9d\u9009\u4e3e\u6cd5\u9521\u91d1\u738b\u4f9d\u6cd5\u884c\u4f7f\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u518d\u63d0\u540d\u516d\u4f4d\u8bae\u5458\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u56db\u5e2d\u5373\u7531\u5176\u652f\u6301\u8005\u6240\u83b7\uff0c\u6545\u4eb2\u9521\u738b\u6d3e\u5728\u56fd\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6210\u660e\u663e\u4e4b\u5927\u591a\u6570\u3002\u56e0\u4e4b\u9521\u738b\u5ba4\u5f97\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u56fd\u4f1a\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u5c3c\u88d4\u5bf9\u5f53\u65f6\u4e4b\u9009\u4e3e\u6cd5\u6781\u4e3a\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u9521\u738b\u5219\u6050\u5c3c\u88d4\u5728\u56fd\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6210\u591a\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u5265\u593a\u5176\u4e13\u5236\u6743\uff0c\u5e76\u5fe7\u8651\u4e0e\u5370\u5ea6\u6216\u5c3c\u6cca\u5c14\u5408\u5e76\u30023\u6708\u672b\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u515a\u515a\u9b41\u666e\u62c9\u8d5e\uff08Nahakul Pradhan\uff09\uff0c\u8bcb\u6bc1\u9521\u5883\u5404\u65cf\u548c\u534f\u800c\u906d\u653f\u5e9c\u902e\u6355\uff0c\u56e0\u4e4b\u53d1\u751f\u66b4\u4e71\u3002<\/p>\n

4\u67086\u65e5\u4e4b\u66b4\u4e71\uff0c\u4f7f\u653f\u5e9c\u57ae\u53f0\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u79e9\u5e8f\u8361\u7136\u65e0\u5b58\u3002\u5370\u519b\u5e94\u9521\u738b\u4e4b\u9080\u51fa\u5175\u5e73\u4e71\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6539\u9769\u4e4b\u5c3c\u88d4\uff0c\u906d\u9521\u88d4\uff08\u5176\u4e2d\u591a\u6570\u4e3a\u9521\u5883\u5185\u85cf\u6c11\uff09\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u5b98\u6c11\u53d7\u4f24\u7ea6200\u4eba\u30024\u67087\u65e5\u5370\u9a7b\u9521\u7279\u4f7f\u8f9b\u683c\uff08Avtar Singh\uff09\u79f0:\u201c\u5370\u519b\u6267\u884c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u201d\u3002\u7ea615000\u540d\u66b4\u6c11\u5411\u9996\u90fd\u7518\u6258\u514b\u8fdb\u53d1\uff0c\u6210\u5458\u591a\u6570\u4e3a\u5c3c\u88d4\u4e4b\u53db\u4f17\u56e2\u4f53\u201c\u8054\u5408\u884c\u52a8\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\uff08\u7b80\u79f0\u8054\u884c\u59d4\uff09\uff0c\u717d\u52a8\u7fa4\u4f17\u8981\u6c42\u7ed3\u675f\u9521\u738b\u4e13\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u8981\u6c42\u516c\u5ba1\u67aa\u4f24\u793a\u5a01\u8005\u4e4b\u4e39\u589e\u592a\u5b50\u30024\u67088\u65e5\u5370\u5e94\u9521\u738b\u4e4b\u8bf7\uff0c\u63a5\u7ba1\u9521\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ef4\u6301\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u9521\u738b\u4ecd\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5143\u9996\uff0c\u201c\u9521\u8981\u6c42\u5370\u6d3e\u9063\u4e00\u9ad8\u5b98\u4e3a\u9521\u653f\u5e9c\u9996\u957f\u201d\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u53db\u4f17\u201c\u8054\u884c\u59d4\u201d\u4e3b\u5e2d\u675c\u5c14\u5179\u8981\u6c42\u9521\u738b\u8ba9\u4f4d\u53ca\u5370\u5ea6\u5fc5\u987b\u63a5\u7ba1\u9521\u653f\u5e9c\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5370\u5ea6\u662f\u6c42\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u57f9\u517b\u53db\u515a\u53ca\u5bfb\u627e\u9002\u5f53\u53e3\u5b9e\u4ee5\u6c42\u89e3\u51b3\u9521\u91d1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u517c\u5e76\u9521\u91d1\u4e4b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53ca\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u7ecf\u8fc7\u9521\u91d1\u8981\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u60f3\u517c\u5e76\u3002\u5370\u5ea6<\/h2>\n

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\u4e94\u662f\u201c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u9521\u91d1\u6709\u8ba1\u5212\u4e4b\u53d1\u5c55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7eb3\u5165\u5370\u5ea6\u8ba1\u5212\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e4b\u8303\u56f4\u201d\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u4f7f\u9521\u91d1\u56fd\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u8be5\u9879\u201c\u5370\u5236\u5baa\u6cd5\u201d\uff0c\u4e43\u56e01973\u5e744\u6708\u5370\u519b\u5927\u91cf\u5f00\u8fdb\u9521\u91d1\u540e\uff0c\u81f31974\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u64cd\u7eb5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9521\u91d1\u4e3e\u884c\u8bae\u4f1a\u6539\u9009\uff0c\u4eb2\u5370\u6d3e\u4e4b\u9521\u91d1\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u5728\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e4b32\u5e2d\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f9731\u5e2d\uff0c\u6545\u5370\u5ea6\u5f97\u968f\u5fc3\u6240\u6b32\u73a9\u5f04\u201c\u5370\u5ea6\u5f0f\u4e4b\u6c11\u4e3b\u201d\u3002\u9521\u91d1\u7fa4\u4f17\u53cd\u5bf9\u201c\u65b0\u5baa\u201d\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u519b\u8b66\u5927\u529b\u9547\u538b\uff0c6\u670829\u65e5\u9521\u738b\u4e0e\u82f1\u8fea\u62c9\u00b7\u7518\u5730\u4f1a\u8c08\uff0c\u9521\u738b\u6b32\u4fdd\u5b58\u5176\u72ec\u7acb\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u8c08\u5e76\u672a\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u5370\u5ea6\u4e4b\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u82f1\u8fea\u62c9\u00b7\u7518\u5730\u903c\u8feb\u9521\u91d1\u738b\u7acb\u523b\u4e8e\u5baa\u8349\u4e0a\u7b7e\u5b57\u5370\u5ea6\u5b98\u5458\u5e76\u80c1\u8feb\u9521\u738b\u9000\u4f4d\u30021973\u5e74\u5370\u519b\u8fdb\u5165\u9521\u91d1\u56fe\u7247\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u6e90\uff1aQUORA\u81f37\u67083\u65e5\u5370\u5ea6\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u5ba3\u5e03\u201c\u9521\u91d1\u56fd\u738b\u540c\u610f\u63a5\u53d7\u5370\u5ea6\u6240\u5236\u65b0\u5baa\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u516c\u62a5\u4e2d\u627f\u8ba4\u9521\u738b\u8868\u793a\u201c\u6709\u4fdd\u7559\u201d\uff0c\u9521\u738b\u4f1a\u8981\u6c42\u5f00\u7d27\u6025\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u7136\u4e3a\u4eb2\u5370\u6d3e\u6240\u62d2\u30027\u670812\u65e5\u4eb2\u5370\u8bae\u5458\u4e4b\u9521\u91d1\u56fd\u4f1a\uff0c\u201c\u8981\u6c42\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c\u89c4\u5b9a\u9521\u91d1\u6d3e\u4ee3\u8868\u53c2\u52a0\u5370\u5ea6\u56fd\u4f1a\u201d\u30027\u67086\u65e5\u5370\u5ea6\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u79f0\u5265\u593a\u9521\u91d1\u738b\u6743\u4e4b\u8bae\u4f1a\u5168\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u5c06\u8bbf\u65b0\u5fb7\u91cc\uff0c8\u670826\u65e5\u9521\u738b\u518d\u5ea6\u8868\u793a\u9521\u91d1\u6e34\u671b\u4fdd\u6301\u72ec\u7acb\u30028\u670829\u65e5\u5370\u5ea6\u51b3\u5b9a\u5e76\u541e\u9521\u91d1\uff0c\u82f1\u8fea\u62c9\u00b7\u7518\u5730\u51b3\u5b9a\u4fee\u6539\u5370\u5ea6\u5baa\u6cd5\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u5c06\u9521\u91d1\u5217\u5165\u5370\u5ea6\u7248\u56fe\u3002\u4fee\u5baa\u6848\u5c06\u9521\u91d1\u4e3b\u6743\u964d\u4f4e\u4e3a\u4e00\u6cd5\u5f8b\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u4f7f\u9521\u91d1\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0e\u5370\u5883\u5185\u5404\u90a6\u76f8\u540c\u30029\u67081\u65e5\u5370\u5ea6\u51c6\u5907\u5408\u5e76\u9521\u91d1\uff0c\u82f1\u8fea\u62c9\u00b7\u7518\u5730\u63d0\u8bae\u6848\uff0c\u7531\u9521\u91d1\u6d3e\u4e24\u8bae\u5458\u5206\u522b\u52a0\u5165\u5370\u5ea6\u56fd\u4f1a\u4e0a\u3001\u4e0b\u8bae\u9662\u5185\u3002<\/p>\n

9\u67084\u65e5\u5370\u5ea6\u56fd\u4f1a\u4e0b\u9662\u4ee5310\u7968\u5bf97\u7968\u53ca9\u67087\u65e5\u4e0a\u9662\u4ee5171\u7968\u5bf98\u7968\u901a\u8fc7\u82f1\u8fea\u62c9\u00b7\u7518\u5730\u4e4b\u8bae\u6848\uff0c\u5408\u5e76\u9521\u91d1\u4e3a\u5370\u5ea6\u4e00\u90a6\u3002\u5728\u7518\u6258\u514b\u4e4b\u9521\u91d1\u4eb2\u5370\u653f\u5ba2\u5219\u53bb\u7535\u7518\u5730\u8981\u6c42\u9521\u738b\u9000\u4f4d\u3002\u9521\u738b\u4e00\u518d\u4e3b\u5f20\u9521\u91d1\u524d\u9014\u5e94\u7531\u9521\u91d1\u516c\u6c11\u6295\u7968\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4f46\u5370\u653f\u5e9c\u7f6e\u4e4b\u4e0d\u7406\u3002\u9521\u738b\u8868\u793a\u51b3\u4e0d\u9000\u4f4d\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u52a0\u5c14\u5404\u7b54\u7535\u5370\u603b\u7edf\uff0c\u518d\u5ea6\u4fc3\u5176\u505c\u6b62\u5e76\u541e\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u65b9\u6cd5\u5370\u5ea6\u517c\u5e76\u9521\u91d1\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u4e4b\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u201c\u5370\u5ea6\u5f0f\u6c11\u4e3b\u201d\u2014\u2014\u5178\u578b\u4e4b\u5370\u5ea6\u5927\u56fd\u6c99\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u66b4\u9732\u65e0\u9057\u3002\u539f\u81ea1973\u5e744\u6708\u5370\u519b\u501f\u53e3\u201c\u5e2e\u52a9\u9521\u91d1\u6062\u590d\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u79e9\u5e8f\u201d\uff0c\u8fdb\u9a7b\u7518\u6258\u514b\u53ca\u63a5\u7ba1\u9521\u91d1\u4e00\u5207\u884c\u653f\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u9521\u91d1\u884c\u4f7f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e4b\u519b\u4e8b\u5360\u9886\u3002\u201c\u9521\u91d1\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6751\u5e84\u90fd\u6709\u5370\u5ea6\u4e2d\u592e\u540e\u5907\u8b66\u5bdf\u90e8\u961f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\uff08\u9521\u4eba\u81ea\u79f0\uff09\u4e0d\u6562\u8868\u793a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u6562\u79bb\u5bb6\u5916\u51fa\u201d\uff0c\u7ec8\u5728\u6b64\u79cd\u201c\u6c11\u4e3b\u6c14\u6c1b\u201d\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u5370\u5ea6\u5f0f\u4e4b\u9521\u91d1\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e00\u4eba\u4e00\u7968\u5236\u4e4b\u9009\u4e3e\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4e00\u4f4d\u9521\u91d1\u5b66\u751f\u66fe\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u66fe\u7ecf\u6709\u4eba\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c06\u628a\u56fd\u738b\u4e4b\u6743\u529b\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u77e5\u9053\u662f\u628a\u56fd\u738b\u4e4b\u6743\u529b\u4ea4\u7ed9\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c\u201d\u3002\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5370\u5ea6\u5e76\u541e\u9521\u91d1\u4e4b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53ca\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u53ef\u8bf4\u201c\u5370\u5ea6\u662f\u5f7b\u5934\u5f7b\u5c3e\u4e4b\u6d41\u6c13\u5f3a\u76d7\u201d<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u5404\u65b9\u4e4b\u53cd\u5e94\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u53ca\u8206\u8bba\u5bf9\u5370\u5ea6\u5f3a\u76d7\u5f0f\u4e4b\u5e76\u541e\u9521\u91d1\u6240\u4f5c\u4e4b\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u5927\u7c7b\uff1a<\/h2>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u8f7b\u63cf\u6de1\u5199\u8005\uff0c\u591a\u5c5e\u897f\u65b9\u5404\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u8d5e\u626c\u8005\uff0c\u5982\u82cf\u8054\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u5f3a\u70c8\u6297\u8bae\u8005\uff0c\u5982\u5c3c\u6cca\u5c14\u3001\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5370\u5ea6\u8fd1\u90bb\u3002\u73b0\u7565\u8ff0\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/h2>\n

\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u63cf\u6de1\u5199\u8005<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u8f7b\u63cf\u6de1\u5199\u8005\uff1a<\/h2>\n

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\u4e8c\u3001\u8d5e\u626c\u8005\uff1a\u82cf\u8054\u5b98\u65b9\u5854\u65af\u793e<\/h2>\n

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\u4e8c\u3001\u4e09\u5e74\u6765\u5370\u5ea6<\/h2>\n

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