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\u5361\u7279\u653f\u5e9c\u6839\u636e\u300a\u8d5b\u660e\u987f\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u300b\uff08The Symington Amendment\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5b9e\u65bd\u5236\u88c1\uff0c\u505c\u6b62\u4e86\u5bf9\u5df4\u63f4\u52a9\u3002[2]\u5728\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0d\u613f\u660e\u786e\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u65b9\u80fd\u4fdd\u969c\u56fd\u5bb6\u751f\u5b58\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ee5\u63f4\u52a9\u4e3a\u6761\u4ef6\u903c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5f03\u6838\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u65ad\u7136\u4e0d\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u5370\u5df4\u6838\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u6807\u51c6\u66f4\u662f\u906d\u81f4\u4e86\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u56fd\u5185\u4e0a\u4e0b\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6124\u6068\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5361\u7279\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u9f50\u4e9a\u00b7\u54c8\u514b\uff08Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq\uff09\u653f\u5e9c\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u4eba\u6743\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e25\u5389\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u7f8e\u5df4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6076\u5316\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\u671f\uff0c\u4e2d\u4e1c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u4e16\u754c\u53cd\u7f8e\u60c5\u7eea\u9ad8\u6da8\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7684\u53cd\u7f8e\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e5f\u65e5\u76ca\u5174\u76db\u3002<\/p>\n

1979\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5ba3\u5e03\u9000\u51fa\u300a\u4e2d\u592e\u6761\u7ea6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u300b\uff0c11\u6708\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5206\u5b50\u711a\u70e7\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5821\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u524d\u5915\u7684\u7f8e\u5df4\u5173\u7cfb\u964d\u81f3\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u70b9\u3002\u4ece\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u72ec\u7acb\u52301980\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u56f0\u6270\u7f8e\u5df4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u6709\uff1a\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u5ffd\u89c6\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7684\u5730\u7f18\u6218\u7565\u4ef7\u503c\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u5df4\u6838\u9879\u76ee\u548c\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u4eba\u6743\u201d\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e09\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u5728\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u4e0a\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u4f46\u5370\u5df4\u77db\u76fe\u4f7f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0a\u65e0\u6cd5\u540c\u65f6\u517c\u987e\uff1b\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u51b7\u6218\u6218\u7565\u4e0e\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5229\u76ca\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u5bfc\u81f4\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u5370\u5df4\u6218\u4e89\u540e\uff0c\u5357\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5927\u56fd\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\u7684\u5370\u5df4\u5bf9\u5cd9\u7684\u683c\u5c40\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u521d\u8877\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u6096\u30021979\u5e7412\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fc5\u901f\u8c03\u6574\u5176\u51b7\u6218\u6218\u7565\uff0c\u89c6\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3a\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u5730\u7f18\u6218\u7565\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u7834\u88c2\u7684\u7f8e\u5df4\u5173\u7cfb\u5f00\u59cb\u9006\u8f6c\u300212\u670831\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\u6307\u51fa\u8fd9\u662f\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\u82cf\u8054\u9996\u6b21\u52a8\u7528\u519b\u961f\u5728\u4e1c\u6b27\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5730\u533a\u5efa\u7acb\u201c\u5080\u5121\u653f\u6743\u201d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u82cf\u8054\u53d6\u5f97\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u897f\u5357\u4e9a\u7684\u52bf\u529b\u5e73\u8861\u5c06\u53d7\u5230\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u603b\u7edf\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u82cf\u8054\u884c\u4e3a\u505a\u51fa\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n

[3]1980\u5e741\u670823\u65e5\uff0c\u5361\u7279\u5728\u56fd\u4f1a\u5e74\u5ea6\u56fd\u60c5\u54a8\u6587\u4e2d\u79f0\uff1a\u201c\u82cf\u8054\u5165\u4fb5\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u662f\u4e8c\u6218\u4ee5\u6765\u5bf9\u548c\u5e73\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u2026\u2026\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8868\u660e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff1a\u4efb\u4f55\u5916\u90e8\u52bf\u529b\u63a7\u5236\u6ce2\u65af\u6e7e\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4f01\u56fe\u90fd\u5c06\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u91cd\u5927\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u5305\u62ec\u6b66\u529b\u5728\u5185\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u624b\u6bb5\u4e88\u4ee5\u53cd\u51fb\u3002\u201d[4]1979\u5e74\u7684\u4f0a\u6717\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u9769\u547d\u4f7f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u6ce2\u65af\u6e7e\u5730\u533a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u76df\u53cb\u540e\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7684\u6218\u7565\u5730\u4f4d\u51f8\u663e\u3002\u5361\u7279\u5728\u82cf\u8054\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\u5c31\u7acb\u5373\u4e0e\u9f50\u4e9a\u00b7\u54c8\u514b\u901a\u7535\u8bdd\uff0c\u91cd\u7533\u5df2\u88ab\u5c18\u5c01\u76841959\u5e74\u7f8e\u5df4\u53cc\u8fb9\u5b89\u5168\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u7ed9\u4e88\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u519b\u4e8b\u63f4\u52a9\uff0c\u4ee5\u5171\u540c\u5e94\u5bf9\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u3002<\/p>\n

[5]\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u548c\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c0f\u7ec4\u5411\u56fd\u4f1a\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u660e\u786e\u6307\u51fa\u8981\u904f\u5236\u82cf\u8054\u5728\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u7684\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6709\u9650\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u6e38\u51fb\u529b\u91cf\u548c\u5728\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7684\u96be\u6c11\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u6216\u95f4\u63a5\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u3002\u62a5\u544a\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\u82cf\u8054\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u6709\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u5229\u76ca\u5173\u5207\u3002[6]\u5bf9\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u82cf\u519b\u8fdb\u5165\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u5bf9\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5b89\u5168\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u65e9\u57281978\u5e74\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u201c\u56db\u6708\u9769\u547d\u201d\u540e\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u4e0e\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5c31\u4e00\u76f4\u5904\u4e8e\u7d27\u5f20\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u4eba\u6c11\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u666e\u4ec0\u56fe\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u4ffe\u8def\u652f\u7701\u666e\u4ec0\u56fe\u5206\u79bb\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u540e\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u96be\u6c11\u6d8c\u5165\u5df4\u5883\u5185\uff0c\u82cf\u519b\u961f\u7ecf\u5e38\u8d8a\u5883\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u7ed9\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u5580\u5e03\u5c14\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u82cf\u8054\u4e5f\u4e0d\u65ad\u6307\u8d23\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5305\u5e87\u201cpan\u4e71\u5206\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u96be\u6c11\u8425\u8bad\u7ec3\u53cd\u82cf\u6e38\u51fb\u961f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u82cf\u8054\u4e0e\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u52a0\u4e0a\u5370\u5ea6\u4e0e\u82cf\u8054\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u7684\u540c\u76df\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f7f\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u6765\u81ea\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u538b\u529b\u3002\u7f8e\u5df4\u5bf9\u82cf\u519b\u8fdb\u5165\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u4e24\u56fd\u5173\u7cfb\u5f00\u59cb\u6539\u5584\u30021980\u5e742\u67083\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u987e\u95ee\u5e03\u70ed\u6d25\u65af\u57fa\uff08Zbigniew Brzezinski\uff09\u548c\u526f\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u5f17\uff08Warren Christopher\uff09\u7387\u56e2\u8bbf\u95ee\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\uff0c\u4e0e\u9f50\u4e9a\u00b7\u54c8\u514b\u7b49\u5df4\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4f1a\u8c08\u3002\u4f1a\u8c08\u540e\u4e24\u56fd\u53d1\u8868\u5171\u540c\u58f0\u660e\uff1a\u4e24\u56fd\u4e00\u81f4\u8ba4\u4e3a\u82cf\u8054\u5bf9\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u7684\u5e72\u6d89\u4e0d\u4f46\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5bf9\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u3001\u5730\u533a\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u53cc\u65b9\u91cd\u75331959\u5e74\u5b89\u5168\u5408\u4f5c\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u5171\u540c\u62b5\u6297\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u4fb5\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n

[7]\u4f46\u4e24\u56fd\u5728\u5e94\u5bf9\u5171\u540c\u5a01\u80c1\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u5f88\u5feb\u5f62\u6210\u5408\u529b\u3002\u9f50\u4e9a\u00b7\u54c8\u514b\u4e0e\u5361\u7279\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u59a8\u788d\u4e86\u63f4\u52a9\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u8fbe\u6210\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u5927\u9009\u5e74\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5361\u7279\u5378\u4efb\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u5728\u63f4\u52a9\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u89c4\u6a21\u53ca\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5b89\u5168\u627f\u8bfa\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7b49\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u8fbe\u6210\u4efb\u4f55\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5df4\u6700\u4e3a\u5173\u5207\u7684F-16\u6218\u673a\u88ab\u5361\u7279\u653f\u5e9c\u62d2\u7edd\uff0c\u4ee4\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u4e0d\u503c\u5f97\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u201c\u524d\u7ebf\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u5df4\u63f4\u52a9\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5f62\u62101981\u5e741\u670821\u65e5\uff0c\u91cc\u6839\u5165\u4e3b\u767d\u5bab\uff0c<\/h2>\n

\u5728\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u63a8\u884c\u4e86\u6bd4\u5361\u7279\u653f\u5e9c\u66f4\u4e3a\u79ef\u6781\u548c\u5f3a\u786c\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e0e\u5df4\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u91cc\u6839\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u63f4\u52a9\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5730\u6ee1\u8db3\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u524d\u603b\u7edf\u91cc\u6839\uff0c\u56fe\u6e90\uff1awikipedia.org1981\u5e743\u670819\u65e5\uff0c\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u9ed1\u683c\uff08Alexander Meigs Haig\uff09\u79f0\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u76df\u53cb\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u7684\uff0c\u76df\u53cb\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6ce2\u65af\u6e7e\u7684\u77f3\u6cb9\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u52a0\u5f3a\u5927\u800c\u81ea\u4fe1\u7684\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u53ef\u4ee5\u5a01\u6151\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002[8]3\u670823\u65e5\uff0c\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u8d1f\u8d23\u8fd1\u4e1c\u4e0e\u5357\u4e9a\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u526f\u52a9\u7406\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u5e93\u6069\uff08Jane A. Coon\uff09\u5728\u56fd\u4f1a\u5f3a\u8c03\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u73b0\u5728\u662f\u201c\u524d\u7ebf\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u7740\u963f\u5df4\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0a\u76848.5\u4e07\u82cf\u8054\u58eb\u5175\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5fc5\u987b\u5e2e\u52a9\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u548c\u66f4\u81ea\u4fe1\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u53ca\u5176\u76df\u53cb\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u6781\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

[9]\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u63f4\u52a9\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7684\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\u3002\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\u6307\u51fa\u5bf9\u5df4\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4f9b\u201c\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u201d\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\uff0c\u8981\u5145\u5206\u8003\u8651\u5df4\u519b\u4e8b\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u548c\u5bf9F-16\u6218\u673a\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff1b\u5bf9\u5df4\u8981\u6c42\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ee5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5f62\u5f0f\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u969c\u5e94\u4e88\u4ee5\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u3002\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5bf9\u5df4\u6bcf\u5e747.5\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u63f4\u52a9\uff0c\u519b\u4e8b\u63f4\u52a9\u4ee5\u4f18\u60e0\u4fe1\u8d37\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\u5efa\u8bae\u897f\u6b27\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u94f6\u884c\u7ec4\u6210\u5bf9\u5df4\u63f4\u52a9\u8d22\u56e2\uff0c\u5c06\u5f53\u5e74\u9996\u6279\u7ecf\u6d4e\u63f4\u52a9\u589e\u52a0\u81f39.65\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u5de6\u53f3\u3002[10]\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c2\u670824\u65e5\uff0c\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u66f4\u4e3a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u63f4\u5df4\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7279\u522b\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u63f4\u52a9\u9879\u76ee\u505a\u4e86\u66f4\u4e3a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u89c4\u5212\u3002\u8be5\u65b9\u6848\u628a\u5bf9\u5df4\u5b89\u5168\u63f4\u52a9\u5206\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5916\u519b\u4e8b\u9500\u552e\u4fe1\u8d37\uff08FMS\uff09\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u652f\u6301\u57fa\u91d1\uff08ESF\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u519b\u4e8b\u57f9\u8bad\uff08IMET\uff09\u8ba1\u5212\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u5df4\u519b\u4e8b\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u7a7a\u519b\u548c\u9646\u519b\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u3002\u7a7a\u519b\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u5305\u62ec\u5730\u9762\u548c\u7a7a\u4e2d\u5bfc\u5f39\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ee5\u53ca\u6218\u6597\u673a\uff1b\u9646\u519b\u73b0\u4ee3\u91cd\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u901a\u4fe1\u5de5\u7a0b\u3001\u673a\u52a8\u6027\u5f3a\u7684\u8f7b\u578b\u53cd\u5766\u514b\u6b66\u5668\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u519b\u9700\u88c5\u5907\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u63f4\u52a9\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u63d0\u51fa\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5230\u5df4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9762\u4e34\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u6536\u652f\u5e73\u8861\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u503a\u52a1\u91cd\u7ec4\u5916\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6765\u5e73\u8861\u6536\u652f\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u7f8e\u65b9\u8fd8\u4e13\u95e8\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u5e73\u8861\u65b9\u6848\u201d\uff08Balanced Package\uff09\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5373\u63f4\u52a9\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u5728\u81f3\u5c11\u8981\u8fbe\u5230\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u9700\u8981\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u628a\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6df7\u4e71\u964d\u5230\u6700\u4f4e\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u63f4\u52a9\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e09\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5373\u5e74\u57475\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u30016\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u548c7.5\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u591a\u5e74\u63f4\u52a9\u8ba1\u5212\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u63f4\u5df4\u7684\u65f6\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u8981\u6c42\u5fc5\u987b\u5c3d\u5feb\u5728\u56db\u6708\u5e95\u6216\u4e94\u6708\u4e2d\u65ec\u63d0\u4ea4\u56fd\u4f1a\u5ba1\u6838\uff0c\u5e76\u7eb3\u51651982\u8d22\u5e74\u9884\u7b97\u6848\u3002[11]\u7f8e\u5df4\u4e24\u56fd\u5c31\u8be5\u63f4\u52a9\u65b9\u6848\u5f00\u59cb\u8c08\u5224\u30021981\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u5df4\u5927\u4f7f\u54c8\u9ed8\uff08Arthur Hummel\uff09\u5411\u5df4\u65b9\u901a\u62a5\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u6b64\u662f\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u30024\u6708\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5916\u957f\u590f\u5e0c\u548c\u519b\u65b9\u4ee3\u8868\u963f\u91cc\u592b\u5c06\u519b\uff08K.M. Arif\uff09\u8d74\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c31\u5177\u4f53\u63f4\u52a9\u7ec6\u8282\u8fdb\u884c\u534f\u5546\u30024\u670821\u65e5\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u4ee3\u8868\u56e2\u4e0e\u526f\u603b\u7edf\u5e03\u4ec0\uff08George H.W. Bush\uff09\u4f1a\u8c08\u3002\u590f\u5e0c\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5df4\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u8ba1\u5212\u505a\u51fa\u660e\u786e\u8868\u6001\uff0c\u4f46\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u672c\u6b21\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u590f\u5e0c\u9080\u8bf7\u7f8e\u56fd\u519b\u4e8b\u4ee3\u8868\u56e2\u8bbf\u95ee\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u4ee5\u8ba8\u8bba\u6b66\u5668\u63f4\u52a9\u6e05\u5355\u3002\u590f\u5e0c\u4e5f\u5bf91982\u8d22\u5e74\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u8d44\u91d1\u6216\u4fe1\u8d37\u8868\u793a\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u9ed1\u683c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4f1a\u5c3d\u91cf\u5728\u5f53\u5e74\u5185\u5b89\u63921\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u63f4\u52a9\u3002[12]6\u6708\u4e2d\u65ec\uff0c\u526f\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u5df4\u514b\u5229\uff08James L. Buckley\uff09\u4e3a\u9996\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ee3\u8868\u56e2\u8bbf\u5df4\uff0c\u5c31\u5177\u4f53\u63f4\u52a9\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u534f\u5546\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u519b\u4e8b\u63f4\u52a9\u3002\u5df4\u514b\u5229\u4e0e\u9f50\u4e9a\u00b7\u54c8\u514b\u3001\u590f\u5e0c\u548c\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u957f\u4f0a\u6c99\u514b\u00b7\u6c57\uff08ChulamIshaq Khan\uff09\u7b49\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e24\u5929\u7684\u4f1a\u8c08\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u63f4\u52a9\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u6761\u6b3e\u548c\u672a\u67656\u5e74\u5185\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u53cc\u65b9\u540c\u610f\u4ef7\u503c\u7ea630\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u4f46\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f3a\u8c03\u6bcf\u5e74\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u989d\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u56fd\u4f1a\u7684\u6279\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e5f\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e86\u5df4\u5bf9F-16\u6218\u673a\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u6218\u673a\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4ea4\u4ed8\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u6570\u91cf\u518d\u884c\u5546\u8ba8\uff0c\u5e76\u7b54\u5e94\u4e3a\u5df4\u63d0\u4f9b\u7d27\u6025\u63f4\u52a9\u3002[13]\u7f8e\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u57fa\u672c\u8ba4\u53ef\u521d\u6b65\u7684\u8c08\u5224\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5e76\u5e0c\u671b\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u4e0e\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u4e4b\u95f4\u5c3d\u5feb\u5f62\u6210\u5bf9\u5df4\u6b66\u5668\u88c5\u5907\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u30027\u67084\u65e5\uff0c\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u90e8\u957f\u6e29\u4f2f\u683c\uff08Caspar Weinberger\uff09\u5728\u7ed9\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u987e\u95ee\u827e\u4f26\uff08Richard Allen\uff09\u7684\u4fe1\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u8981\u6c42\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u961f\u7684F-16\u6218\u673a\u7b49\u88c5\u5907\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5e94\u505a\u51fa\u660e\u786e\u7684\u7b54\u590d\u3002[14]7\u670813\u65e5\u81f316\u65e5\uff0c\u7531\u56fd\u9632\u79d8\u4e66\u62c9\u5e0c\u59c6\u00b7\u6c57\uff08M. Rahim Khan\uff09\u4e3a\u9996\u7684\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u519b\u4e8b\u4ee3\u8868\u56e2\u8d74\u7f8e\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5546\u8c08\u519b\u4e8b\u63f4\u52a9\u4e8b\u5b9c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u526f\u90e8\u957f\u5361\u9c81\u897f\uff08Frank Carlucci\uff09\u3001\u526f\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u5df4\u514b\u5229\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u548c\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u5b98\u5458\u4e0e\u5df4\u65b9\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4f1a\u8c08\u3002\u672c\u6b21\u4f1a\u8c08\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u8ba8\u8bba\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u519b\u8d2d\u6e05\u5355\u3002\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5411\u7f8e\u65b9\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u6b66\u5668\u6e05\u5355\u662f\u5305\u62ecF-16\u6218\u673a\u5728\u5185\u76847\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7d27\u6025\u519b\u552e\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u57fa\u672c\u63a5\u7eb3\u4e86\u5df4\u65b9\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4ea4\u4ed8\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u6b66\u5668\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u578b\u53f7\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8c03\u6574\u3002\u53cc\u65b9\u534f\u5546\u540e\u7684\u6e05\u5355\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a40\u67b6F-16\u6218\u6597\u673a\u3001100\u8f86M48A5\u5766\u514b\u30011 000\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u591c\u89c6\u8bbe\u5907\u300118\u8f86M578A1\u578b\u548cM88A1\u578b\u88c5\u7532\u6551\u63f4\u8f66\u300175\u8f86M113A2\u88c5\u7532\u8fd0\u8f93\u8f66\u3001108\u8f86M109A2\u578b\u81ea\u884c\u69b4\u5f39\u70ae\u300154\u67b6M198\u69b4\u5f39\u70ae\u300120\u67b6AH1S\u578b\u773c\u955c\u86c7\u76f4\u5347\u673a\u30016\u67b6\u4fa6\u5bdf\u76f4\u5347\u673a\u30012 000\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u901a\u8baf\u8bbe\u65bd\u3001\u82e5\u5e72A-10\u653b\u51fb\u673a\u548cF-5E\/F\u6218\u6597\u673a\u4ee5\u53ca\u578b\u53f7\u4e0d\u5b9a\u7684\u9632\u7a7a\u5bfc\u5f39\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

[15]\u7f8e\u56fd\u627f\u8bfa\u572812\u4e2a\u6708\u5185\u5411\u5df4\u63d0\u4f9b12\u67b6F-5E\/F\u6216A-10\u98de\u673a\uff0c27\u4e2a\u6708\u5185\u63d0\u4f9b6\u67b6F-16\u6218\u673a\uff0c42\u4e2a\u6708\u5185\u5f00\u59cb\u63d0\u4f9b\u5176\u4f59\u768434\u67b6F-16\u6218\u673a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6218\u673a\u4ef7\u503c5\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c2\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7528\u4e8e\u8d2d\u4e70\u5176\u4ed6\u9646\u519b\u88c5\u5907\u3002[16]\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5df4\u65b9\u6025\u9700\u7684\u9632\u7a7a\u5bfc\u5f39\u7b49\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u5efa\u8bae\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u83b7\u53d6\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6b66\u5668\u5982\u706b\u795e\u70ae\u3001\u5c0f\u6a9e\u6811\u9632\u7a7a\u5bfc\u5f39\uff08MIM-72 Chaparral\uff09\u3001\u6bd2\u523a\u5bfc\u5f39\uff08FIM-92\uff09\u548c\u970d\u514b\u5bfc\u5f39\uff08MIN-23 HAWK\uff09\u7b49\u56e0\u751f\u4ea7\u5468\u671f\uff0c\u4ea4\u4ed8\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4f46\u7f8e\u56fd\u540c\u610f\u63d0\u524d\u4ea4\u4ed8100~150\u679a\u7ea2\u773c\u775b\u9632\u7a7a\u5bfc\u5f39\uff08FIM-43\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

[17]\u867d\u7136\u7f8e\u5df4\u8c08\u5224\u603b\u4f53\u987a\u5229\uff0c\u4f46\u53cc\u65b9\u5bf940\u67b6F-16\u6218\u673a\u7684\u4ea4\u4ed8\u65e5\u671f\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd27\u4e2a\u6708\u5185\u63d0\u4f9b6\u67b6\u548c42\u4e2a\u6708\u5185\u4ea4\u4ed8\u5176\u4f5934\u67b6\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u8fc7\u4e8e\u6f2b\u957f\uff0c\u800c\u5df4\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u5a01\u80c1\u662f\u8feb\u5728\u7709\u776b\u7684\u3002\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u60f3\u8981\u5c3d\u5feb\u83b7\u5f97\u88c5\u5907\u81f3\u5c11\u4e09\u4e2a\u7a7a\u519b\u4e2d\u961f\u7684\u6218\u673a\u3002F-16\u6218\u673a\u7684\u4ea4\u4ed8\u65f6\u95f4\u4e00\u65f6\u6210\u4e86\u8c08\u5224\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u3002[18]\u5bf9\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u800c\u8a00\uff0cF-16\u6218\u673a\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u519b\u4e8b\u4e0a\uff0cF-16\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u6700\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u6218\u673a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5df4\u7a7a\u519b\u529b\u91cf\u4ea7\u751f\u8d28\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u4ece\u5916\u4ea4\u4e0a\u770b\uff0cF-16\u6218\u673a\u80fd\u591f\u8003\u9a8c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u5df4\u662f\u5426\u201c\u8db3\u591f\u771f\u8bda\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14F-16\u6218\u673a\u4e5f\u662f\u7f8e\u5df4\u826f\u597d\u7684\u76df\u53cb\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u589e\u5f3a\u5df4\u6c11\u4f17\u5bf9\u9f50\u4e9a\u00b7\u54c8\u514b\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n

[19]F-16\u6218\u673a\uff0c\u56fe\u6e90\uff1awikipedia.org\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5f3a\u8c03F-16\u6218\u673a\u4ea4\u4ed8\u65e5\u671f\u7684\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u62c5\u5fc3\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u7b56\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4F-16\u6218\u673a\u63f4\u52a9\u8ba1\u5212\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u867d\u7136\u518d\u4e09\u4fdd\u8bc1F-16\u6218\u673a\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4ea4\u4ed8\u5e76\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u6574\u4e2a\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u6253\u6d88\u5df4\u65b9\u7684\u62c5\u5fc3\u3002\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u90fd\u8981\u5bf9\u63f4\u52a9\u9879\u76ee\u8fdb\u884c\u5ba1\u6838\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6838\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u63f4\u52a9\u8ba1\u5212\u5b58\u5728\u968f\u65f6\u88ab\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e2d\u6b62\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u4ea4\u4ed8\u65e5\u671f\u4e3b\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5230\u7f8e\u519b\u7684\u88c5\u914d\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53caF-16\u6218\u673a\u751f\u4ea7\u5468\u671f\u548c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u6700\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u6218\u6597\u673a\uff0cF-16\u6218\u673a\u4ecd\u5904\u4e8e\u65e9\u671f\u751f\u4ea7\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u7f8e\u519b\u4ecd\u5728\u88c5\u914d\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u5916\u53ea\u5411\u76df\u53cb\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002<\/p>\n

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[33]\u5173\u4e8e\u5370\u5df4\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u62a5\u544a\u79f0\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u5df4\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u63f4\u52a9\u5fc5\u7136\u906d\u81f4\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u62a5\u544a\u5efa\u8bae\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e94\u548c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u516c\u5f00\u58f0\u660e\u552e\u5df4\u6b66\u5668\u53ea\u7528\u4e8e\u62b5\u5fa1\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u4e14\u7f8e\u56fd\u9700\u5411\u5370\u5ea6\u63d0\u4f9b\u63f4\u52a9\u6765\u6539\u5584\u7f8e\u5370\u5173\u7cfb\u3002[34]\u56fd\u4f1a\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u8bc4\u4f30\u62a5\u544a\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u80fd\u5426\u771f\u6b63\u9075\u5b88\u6838\u4e0d\u6269\u6563\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u5df4\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u524d\u666f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff1b\u5bf9\u5df4\u519b\u552eF-16\u6218\u673a\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u7f8e\u5370\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f7f\u5370\u5ea6\u66f4\u52a0\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u82cf\u8054\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u4ed8\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u6218\u7565\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u6682\u65f6\u4e0d\u518d\u663e\u5f97\u90a3\u4e48\u91cd\u8981\u300211\u670817\u65e5\uff0c\u53c2\u8bae\u9662\u5916\u4ea4\u5173\u7cfb\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4ee510\u7968\u5bf97\u7968\u5426\u51b3\u4e86\u8bae\u5458\u54c8\u7279\u83f2\u7279\uff08Mark O. Hatfield\uff09\u7b49\u4e09\u4eba\u53cd\u5bf9F-16\u6218\u673a\u9500\u552e\u7684\u8054\u5408\u63d0\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n

\u540c\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u4f17\u8bae\u9662\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6295\u7968\u5426\u51b3\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u8bae\u5458\u53cd\u5bf9F-16\u6218\u673a\u9500\u552e\u7684\u8bae\u6848\u3002[35]1981\u5e7412\u670815\u65e5\u548c16\u65e5\u56fd\u4f1a\u53c2\u4f17\u4e24\u9662\u5206\u522b\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u5df4\u63f4\u52a9\u6cd5\u6848\u3002\u91cc\u6839\u4e8e12\u670829\u65e5\u7b7e\u7f72\uff0c\u8be5\u6761\u6b3e\u65b0\u589e\u4e3a\u300a1961\u5e74\u5bf9\u5916\u63f4\u52a9\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u7b2c620E\u6761\uff0c\u5176\u524d\u8a00\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u56fd\u4f1a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u82cf\u8054\u519b\u4e8b\u5360\u9886\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u7ed9\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u6784\u6210\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u56fd\u4f1a\u4e5f\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u4fdd\u6301\u53cb\u597d\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u4e24\u56fd\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u6240\u5728\u3002\u201d620E\u6761\u6b3e\u5f3a\u8c03\u63f4\u52a9\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u62b5\u6297\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u548c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u4eba\u7684\u798f\u7949\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u653f\u5e9c\u5e94\u8fc5\u901f\u5168\u9762\u6062\u590d\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u81ea\u7531\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u907f\u514d\u7206\u70b8\u6838\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u6216\u907f\u514d\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u83b7\u53d6\u6b64\u79cd\u88c5\u7f6e\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6838\u6269\u6563\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e24\u56fd\u7684\u5171\u540c\u5229\u76ca\u6240\u5728\u201d[36]\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fd\u4f1a\u4e5f\u5bf9\u603b\u7edf\u884c\u4f7f\u8c41\u514d\u6743\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u9650\u5236\u3002\u4f17\u8bae\u9662\u5728\u540c\u610f\u603b\u7edf\u62e5\u6709\u5bf9\u5df4\u63f4\u52a9\u8c41\u514d\u6743\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u9644\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u7531\u4f17\u8bae\u5458\u7d22\u62c9\u5179\uff08Stephen Solarz\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\uff0c\u5373\u300a\u7d22\u62c9\u5179\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u300b\uff0c\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\u89c4\u5b9a\u53d7\u63f4\u52a9\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u6269\u6563\u6216\u662f\u5f15\u7206\u6838\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u56fd\u4f1a\u5c06\u5426\u51b3\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u603b\u7edf\u8c41\u514d\u6743\u3002\u7d22\u62c9\u5179\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u73b0\u884c\u7684\u6838\u4e0d\u6269\u6563\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ea6\u675f\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u4e0d\u8981\u8fc8\u51fa\u6838\u8bd5\u7206\u95e8\u69db\u3002[37]\u53c2\u8bae\u9662\u4e5f\u4ee551\u7968\u5bf945\u7968\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u53c2\u8bae\u5458\u683c\u4f26\uff08John Glenn\uff09\u7684\u4fee\u6b63\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5370\u5ea6\u548c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u56fd\u7206\u70b8\u6838\u88c5\u7f6e\u5c31\u5207\u65ad\u63f4\u52a9\u3002\u53c2\u8bae\u9662\u6700\u540e\u540c\u610f\u6388\u4e88\u603b\u7edf6\u5e74\u7684\u5bf9\u5df4\u63f4\u52a9\u8c41\u514d\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n

[38]\u7f8e\u56fd\u524d\u4f17\u8bae\u5458\u7d22\u62c9\u5179\uff0c\u56fe\u6e90\uff1awikipedia.org\u7f8e\u5df4\u4e4b\u95f4\u6700\u7ec8\u8fbe\u6210\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u8ba1\u5212\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ef7\u503c32\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u3001\u4e3a\u671f6\u5e74\u3001\u5305\u62ec\u519b\u4e8b\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u63f4\u52a9\u5728\u5185\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u300216\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u63f4\u52a9\u4e2d\u670910\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u662f\u8d60\u6b3e\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b\u76846\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u5206\u4e3a\u4f18\u60e0\u5229\u606f2%\u768410\u5e74\u8fd8\u6b3e\u671f\u548c\u5229\u606f3%\u768420\u5e74\u8fd8\u6b3e\u671f\u507f\u8fd8\u300216\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u519b\u552e\u7684\u8fd8\u6b3e\u671f\u9650\u4e3a30\u5e74\uff0c\u5229\u606f14%\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u67097~10\u5e74\u4ec5\u507f\u8fd8\u672c\u91d1\u7684\u4f18\u60e0\u671f\u3002[39]\u8fd9\u6b21\u7684\u5bf9\u5df4\u63f4\u52a9\u8ba1\u5212\u4e0e\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5728\u89c4\u6a21\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u4ee5\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u6761\u4ef6\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u63f4\u52a9\u89c4\u6a21\u5927\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u957f\u30021951\u5e74~1982\u5e74\u95f4\u63f4\u52a9\u603b\u989d\u7ea6\u4e3a57\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u672c\u6b216\u5e74\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u989d\u5ea6\u8fbe32\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n

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[40]1981\u5e74\u63f4\u5df4\u6cd5\u6848\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u671d\u91ce\u5bf9\u82cf\u8054\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u6218\u4e89\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u5229\u76ca\u9020\u6210\u91cd\u5927\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u5b83\u57fa\u672c\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e86\u5df4\u65b9\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u4e3a\u63f4\u52a9\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u60ac\u5728\u7f8e\u5df4\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u8fbe\u6469\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u4e4b\u5251\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7f8e\u5df4\u5728\u6838\u4e0d\u6269\u6563\u3001\u7981\u6bd2\u3001\u4eba\u6743\u4ee5\u53ca\u5370\u5df4\u5173\u7cfb\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fd8\u662f\u57281987\u8d22\u5e74\u57fa\u672c\u6309\u8ba1\u5212\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u4e3a\u671f6\u5e74\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\uff0c\u63f4\u52a9\u603b\u989d\u4e3a30.556\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u63f4\u52a9\u8d44\u91d1\u5206\u5e03\u60c5\u51b5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u63f4\u52a9\u603b\u91d1\u989d12.29\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8d60\u6b3e8.25\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u4e3a\u8d37\u6b3e\uff1b\u7cae\u98df\u63f4\u52a9\u603b\u989d3.138\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d5 980\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u662f\u8d60\u6b3e\uff1b\u519b\u4e8b\u63f4\u52a9\u603b\u989d15.129\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8d60\u6b3e430\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u4e3a\u519b\u4e8b\u4fe1\u8d37\u3002[46]\u4e3a\u671f\u516d\u5e74\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u8ba1\u5212\u5373\u5c06\u57281987\u8d22\u5e74\u7ed3\u675f\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f00\u59cb\u8003\u8651\u5bf9\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u65b0\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u57fa\u7840\uff0c1986\u5e743\u670824\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u5df4\u53cc\u65b9\u5f88\u5feb\u8fbe\u6210\u4e86\u65b0\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65b0\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u603b\u989d\u4e3a40.2\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u4e3a\u671f6\u5e74\uff0c\u4ece1988\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u5728\u65b0\u8ba1\u5212\u4e2d\uff0c\u63f4\u52a9\u768457%\u7528\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u7684\u4e3a\u519b\u4e8b\u63f4\u52a9\u3002\u519b\u4e8b\u63f4\u52a9\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3a\u519b\u4e8b\u4fe1\u8d37\u3002\u4e24\u56fd\u6bcf\u5e74\u5c06\u5171\u540c\u5ba1\u67e5\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u63f4\u52a9\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u60c5\u51b5\u548c\u6548\u679c\u3002[47]\u867d\u713640.2\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u91d1\u989d\u4f4e\u4e8e\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5e0c\u671b\u768465\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5df2\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u8d22\u653f\u653f\u7b56\u4e0b\u6240\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6570\u989d\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u6210\u4e86\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5927\u7f8e\u63f4\u63a5\u53d7\u56fd\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u82cf\u8054\u64a4\u519b\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u548c\u51b7\u6218\u5c40\u52bf\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6218\u7565\u4ef7\u503c\u6709\u6240\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u8ba1\u5212\u5e76\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002\u82cf\u5171\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u6208\u5c14\u5df4\u4e54\u592b\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u5bfb\u6c42\u653f\u6cbb\u89e3\u51b3\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7ecf\u591a\u65b9\u534f\u5546\u8c08\u5224\uff0c1988\u5e744\u67084\u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u79d8\u4e66\u957f\u5fb7\u594e\u5229\u4e9a\u5c14\uff08Javier Perez de Cuellar\uff09\u7684\u4e3b\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u548c\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u5580\u5e03\u5c14\u653f\u6743\u5728\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u6b63\u5f0f\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u89e3\u51b3\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u82cf\u8054\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\u4ece\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u64a4\u519b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u534a\u6570\u519b\u961f\u5c06\u57281988\u5e745\u670815\u65e5\u81f38\u670815\u65e5\u64a4\u51fa\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u519b\u961f\u5c06\u57289\u4e2a\u6708\u5185\uff0c\u5373\u57281989\u5e742\u670815\u65e5\u524d\u5b8c\u6210\u64a4\u79bb\u30021989\u5e742\u670815\u65e5\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u7b2c40\u96c6\u56e2\u519b\u53f8\u4ee4\u683c\u7f57\u83ab\u592b\uff08Boris Gromov\uff09\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8de8\u8fc7\u4e86\u963f\u59c6\u6cb3\u5927\u6865\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u64a4\u519b\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u4ece\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u64a4\u519b\uff0c\u56fe\u6e90\uff1awikipedia.org\u82cf\u519b\u64a4\u79bb\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u6218\u7565\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u7f8e\u5df4\u201c\u871c\u6708\u201d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5171\u8bc6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e86\uff0c\u4e24\u56fd\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u6682\u65f6\u86f0\u4f0f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u518d\u6b21\u51f8\u663e\u3002<\/p>\n

1988\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u4e00\u5411\u5bf9\u7f8e\u5df4\u63f4\u52a9\u5173\u7cfb\u6301\u5f02\u8bae\u7684\u7d22\u62c9\u5179\u8bae\u5458\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u542c\u8bc1\u4f1a\u4e0a\u79f0\u82cf\u8054\u627f\u8bfa\u4ece\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u64a4\u519b\uff0c\u7f8e\u5df4\u5173\u7cfb\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5341\u5b57\u8def\u53e3\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\u4ee5\u524d\u6bcf\u5f53\u63d0\u53ca\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u3001\u6bd2\u54c1\u548c\u6838\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u56fd\u4f1a\u90fd\u4ee5\u7f8e\u56fd\u9700\u8981\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5411\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u201c\u5723\u6218\u8005\u201d\u63d0\u4f9b\u63f4\u52a9\u4e3a\u7531\u800c\u7f6e\u4e4b\u4e0d\u7406\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u82cf\u8054\u8981\u79bb\u5f00\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u8f9e\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u4e86\u3002\u6c11\u4e3b\u3001\u6bd2\u54c1\u548c\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u624d\u662f\u7f8e\u5df4\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u3002[48]\u5728\u4f17\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u6838\u9879\u76ee\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u7f8e\u5df4\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u6700\u654f\u611f\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\u30021989\u5e74\uff0c\u5e03\u4ec0\u591a\u6b21\u8b66\u544a\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\uff0c\u5176\u6838\u884c\u4e3a\u5c06\u4e25\u91cd\u5a01\u80c1\u7f8e\u5df4\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u4e0d\u505c\u6b62\u6838\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u4e0d\u518d\u5728\u56fd\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u8bc1\u8bcd\u3002<\/p>\n

1989\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u4e2d\u60c5\u5c40\u5df2\u7ecf\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5177\u5907\u5236\u9020\u6838\u5f39\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8981\u6c42\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u63a5\u53d7\u56fd\u9645\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5168\u9762\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u662f\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u3002\u540c\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u5e03\u4ec0\u5728\u5173\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5df4\u63f4\u52a9\u7684\u56fd\u4f1a\u542c\u8bc1\u4f1a\u4e0a\u4e0d\u518d\u4e3a\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u63d0\u4f9b\u8bc1\u8bcd\u3002[49]\u6839\u636e\u300a\u666e\u96f7\u65af\u52d2\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u300b\uff08Pressler Amendment\uff09\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c06\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u5e74\u505c\u6b62\u5bf9\u5df4\u63f4\u52a9\u3002[50]1990\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u5370\u5df4\u5728\u514b\u4ec0\u7c73\u5c14\u7206\u53d1\u6b66\u88c5\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u6709\u6ed1\u5411\u5168\u9762\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u62c5\u5fe7\u53cc\u65b9\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6838\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u526f\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u987e\u95ee\u76d6\u8328\uff08Robert Gates\uff09\u524d\u5f80\u8c03\u505c\u3002\u76d6\u8328\u6307\u8d23\u5df4\u519b\u65b9\u652f\u6301\u514b\u4ec0\u7c73\u5c14pan\u4e71\uff0c\u5e76\u518d\u6b21\u5bf9\u5df4\u6838\u9879\u76ee\u63d0\u51fa\u8b66\u544a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u60c5\u62a5\u5206\u6790\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u79bb\u62e5\u6709\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u53ea\u5dee\u628a\u94c0\u88c5\u5165\u5f39\u5934\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\u4e86\u3002[51]1990\u5e748\u67086\u65e5\uff0c\u5df4\u603b\u7edf\u4f0a\u6c99\u514b\u00b7\u6c57\u4ee5\u8150\u8d25\u4e3a\u540d\u89e3\u6563\u4e86\u8d1d\u00b7\u5e03\u6258\uff08Benazir Bhutto\uff09\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u56fd\u6c11\u8bae\u4f1a\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u56fd\u4f1a\u51b3\u5b9a\u5168\u9762\u5207\u65ad\u63f4\u52a9\u30029\u6708\uff0c\u5e03\u4ec0\u81f4\u7535\u4f0a\u6c99\u514b\u00b7\u6c57\uff0c\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c06\u8981\u5207\u65ad\u5bf9\u5df4\u4e00\u5207\u63f4\u52a9\u8868\u793a\u9057\u61be\u3002\u5e03\u4ec0\u5728\u4fe1\u4e2d\u8bf4\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u5df4\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u53d1\u5c55\u60c5\u51b5\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u6b64\u6df1\u6df1\u5730\u4e0d\u5b89\uff0c\u4ed6\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u300a\u666e\u96f7\u65af\u52d2\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u300b\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u800c\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u5df4\u65b9\u9075\u5b88\u4e86\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u5e03\u4ec0\u63d0\u51fa\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5c3d\u5feb\u6062\u590d\u6c11\u4e3b\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u505c\u6b62\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u8ba1\u5212\u3002<\/p>\n

[52]\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u5df4\u5927\u4f7f\u5965\u514b\u5229\uff08Robert Oakley\uff09\u5728\u5411\u4f0a\u6c99\u514b\u00b7\u6c57\u9012\u4ea4\u5e03\u4ec0\u603b\u7edf\u4fe1\u4ef6\u65f6\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\uff1a\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u603b\u7edf\u8bc1\u8bcd\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u5df4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u519b\u4e8b\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u63f4\u52a9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ea4\u4ed8\u548c\u8d2d\u4e70\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u5916\u519b\u4e8b\u9500\u552e\u8ba1\u5212\u6240\u542b\u7684\u96f6\u90e8\u4ef6\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u6280\u672f\u90fd\u5c06\u4ece1990\u5e7410\u67081\u65e5\u8d77\u505c\u6b62\u3002\u201d[53]10\u6708\uff0c\u5df4\u770b\u5b88\u653f\u5e9c\u5916\u957f\u96c5\u5e93\u5e03\uff08Sahabzada Yaqub Khan\uff09\u8bbf\u7f8e\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5bfb\u6c42\u6062\u590d\u63f4\u52a9\u3002\u5728\u4e0e\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u8d1d\u514b\uff08James A. Baker III\uff09\u7684\u4f1a\u8c08\u4e2d\uff0c\u96c5\u5e93\u5e03\u8868\u793a\u5df4\u613f\u610f\u505c\u6b62\u6838\u8ba1\u5212\u4ee5\u6c42\u7f8e\u56fd\u6062\u590d\u63f4\u52a9\u3002\u8d1d\u514b\u56de\u590d\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u4e0d\u591f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u6467\u6bc1\u5176\u6838\u5f39\u5934\uff0c\u4e14\u201c\u8ba9\u6838\u80fd\u529b\u9000\u81f3\u754c\u7ebf\u53e6\u4e00\u8fb9\u201d\uff0c\u603b\u7edf\u624d\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u8bc1\u8bcd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u96c5\u5e93\u5e03\u56de\u7b54\u8ba9\u5df4\u653e\u5f03\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002[54]1990\u5e7412\u670811\u65e5\uff0c\u5df4\u65b0\u653f\u5e9c\u603b\u7406\u8c22\u91cc\u592b\uff08Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif\uff09\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u516c\u5f00\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u5ba3\u5e03\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u4e0d\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5916\u63f4\uff0c\u5df4\u5c06\u5229\u7528\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d44\u6e90\u6765\u751f\u5b58\uff0c\u201c\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u6062\u590d\u63f4\u52a9\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u7b7e\u5b57\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u4e0d\u53d1\u5c55\u6838\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b64\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u4e0d\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5370\u5ea6\u4e5f\u63a5\u53d7\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u201d[55]\u3002\u4ece1981\u5e74\u52301989\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5171\u5411\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e8631\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u63f4\u52a9\u548c21.9\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u63f4\u52a9\u3002[56]\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63f4\u52a9\u5bf9\u82cf\u8054\u64a4\u519b\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u8d77\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7a33\u5b9a\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u5de9\u56fa\u4e86\u9488\u5bf9\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u7f8e\u5df4\u6218\u7565\u653f\u6cbb\u519b\u4e8b\u540c\u76df\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u52a0\u5feb\u4e86\u82cf\u8054\u4ece\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u64a4\u519b\u548c\u51b7\u6218\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u6218\u7565\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5c3d\u4e00\u5207\u624b\u6bb5\u589e\u52a0\u82cf\u8054\u5360\u9886\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u5176\u64a4\u519b\u3002[57]\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4e0e\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u662f\u5173\u952e\u3002[58]\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u653f\u5e9c\u9876\u4f4f\u4e86\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5145\u5f53\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u5411\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u62b5\u6297\u7ec4\u7ec7\u63d0\u4f9b\u8d44\u91d1\u3001\u6b66\u5668\u7684\u6e20\u9053\u548c\u540e\u52e4\u57fa\u5730\u30021985\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u9610\u660e\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u6218\u7565\u7684\u65b0\u76ee\u6807\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u52a0\u5f3a\u5bf9\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u62b5\u6297\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u9690\u853d\u652f\u6301\u6765\u51fb\u8d25\u82cf\u8054\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u82cf\u8054\u5728\u4e94\u5e74\u5185\u64a4\u51fa\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u3002<\/p>\n

[59]\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e2d\u592e\u60c5\u62a5\u5c40\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u4ee3\u53f7\u4e3a\u201c\u65cb\u98ce\u884c\u52a8\u201d\uff08Operation Cyclone\uff09\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u652f\u6301\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u62b5\u6297\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u9010\u5e74\u52a0\u5927\u4e86\u5bf9\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u62b5\u6297\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u8d44\u52a9\u529b\u5ea6\uff0c\u63f4\u52a9\u91d1\u989d\u4ece\u6700\u521d\u6bcf\u5e743\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u589e\u52a0\u5230\u4e866\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6c99\u7279\u4e0e\u4e2d\u60c5\u5c40\u548c\u5df4\u4e09\u519b\u60c5\u62a5\u5c40\uff08Inter Services Intelligence Directorate, ISI\uff09\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u5411\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u62b5\u6297\u529b\u91cf\u79d8\u5bc6\u63f4\u52a9\u8fbe3\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u4ec5\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u63f4\u52a9\u4fbf\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e8620\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u3002[60]\u7531\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u60c5\u62a5\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5df4\u60c5\u62a5\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u7269\u8d44\u90fd\u7ecf\u7531\u5df4\u4e09\u519b\u60c5\u62a5\u5c40\u8d1f\u8d23\u5206\u53d1\u7ed9\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u5404\u62b5\u6297\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4f7f\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u548c\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u52bf\u529b\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5df4\u4e09\u519b\u60c5\u62a5\u5c40\u5fbd\u7ae0\uff0c\u56fe\u6e90\uff1awikipedia.org<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u4f59\u8bba\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7684\u5730\u7f18\u6218\u7565\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u5df4\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\uff0c\u56e0\u56fd\u9645\u548c\u5730\u533a\u73af\u5883\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5176\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u6218\u7565\u4ef7\u503c\u4ea6\u76f8\u5e94\u5347\u964d\uff0c\u4e24\u56fd\u5173\u7cfb\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u65b0\u65e7\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u4f1a\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5730\u51f8\u663e\uff0c\u8fd9\u96c6\u4e2d\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u5df4\u63f4\u52a9\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u4e0a\u3002\u51b7\u6218\u768420\u4e16\u7eaa50\u81f370 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e24\u56fd\u7531\u76df\u53cb\u8d70\u5411\u4e86\u5173\u7cfb\u51e0\u4e4e\u7834\u88c2\u7684\u964c\u751f\u4eba\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e92\u4fe1\u8361\u7136\u65e0\u5b58\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u540e\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7684\u6218\u7565\u5730\u4f4d\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u800c\u8a00\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u628a\u73b0\u5b9e\u5229\u76ca\u7f6e\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u5229\u76ca\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bf9\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u89c4\u6a21\u5e9e\u5927\u3001\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u957f\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u63f4\u52a9\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u4e5f\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u7f8e\u5df4\u5173\u7cfb\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ea4\u6613\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u800c\u8a00\u3002\u5f53\u82cf\u8054\u64a4\u519b\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u548c\u51b7\u6218\u7ec8\u7ed3\u540e\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u548c\u4e2d\u5357\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\u88ab\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ece\u5176\u5bf9\u5916\u6218\u7565\u4e3b\u8981\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u6e05\u5355\u4e2d\u6392\u9664\uff0c\u5bf9\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u548c\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u63f4\u52a9\u88ab\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6218\u7565\u77ed\u89c6\u548c\u8349\u7387\u653f\u7b56\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u6781\u7aef\u52bf\u529b\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u548c\u5730\u533a\u52a8\u8361\uff0c\u5e76\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7eed\u5230\u5f53\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5bf921\u4e16\u7eaa\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u5df4\u5173\u7cfb\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u501f\u9274\u3002\u201c9\u00b711\u201d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5168\u7403\u53cd\u6050\u6218\u7565\u4e0b\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6218\u7565\u4ef7\u503c\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u51f8\u663e\u30022004\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c06\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5b9a\u4e3a\u201c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u975e\u5317\u7ea6\u76df\u53cb\u201d\uff08major non-NATO ally\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd120\u5e74\u7684\u201c\u53cd\u6050\u6218\u4e89\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u867d\u7136\u7ecf\u5e38\u6279\u8bc4\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5305\u5e87\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u5854\u5229\u73ed\uff0c\u4e24\u56fd\u4e5f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u65e0\u4eba\u8d8a\u5883\u673a\u88ad\u51fb\u548c\u672c\u00b7\u62c9\u767b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u800c\u4e89\u5435\uff0c\u4f46\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u56e0\u4e3a\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5728\u5176\u9632\u6050\u6218\u7565\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\u800c\u50cf\u8fc7\u53bb\u90a3\u6837\u7ec8\u6b62\u5bf9\u5df4\u63f4\u52a9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6301\u7eed\u4e3a\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u63d0\u4f9b\u5404\u7c7b\u63f4\u52a9\u603b\u989d\u8fbe341.83\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u6b66\u5668\u88c5\u5907\u3002[66]\u968f\u7740\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ed3\u4fc3\u4ece\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u64a4\u519b\u548c\u5854\u5229\u73ed\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u653f\u53ca\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u56fd\u5728\u4f0a\u6717\u4e1c\u90e8\u4e0e\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u63a5\u58e4\u5730\u533a\u5efa\u7acb\u201c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u56fd\u547c\u7f57\u73ca\u5206\u652f\u201d\uff08ISIS-K\uff09\u57fa\u5730\uff0c\u4e2d\u5357\u4e9a\u53ca\u5468\u8fb9\u5730\u533a\u5c40\u52bf\u524d\u666f\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u6781\u7aef\u4e3b\u4e49\u52bf\u529b\u6cdb\u6ee5\u548c\u7531\u6b64\u8054\u52a8\u7684\u5730\u533a\u51b2\u7a81\u662f\u6700\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u518d\u50cf20\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u90a3\u6837\u4e00\u8d70\u4e86\u4e4b\uff0c\u7f6e\u8eab\u4e8b\u5916\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4ee5\u5730\u9762\u519b\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7ee7\u7eed\u5e72\u9884\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7684\u6e2f\u53e3\u3001\u9886\u7a7a\u548c\u5730\u9762\u7b49\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684\u6218\u7565\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5bf9\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u4ea6\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f01\u53ca\u7684\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u524d\u7f8e\u519b\u9a7b\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u53f8\u4ee4\u5f7c\u5f97\u96f7\u4e4c\u65af\uff08David Petraeus\uff09\u57282021\u5e748\u6708\u56de\u7b54\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e3a\u4f55\u4e0d\u4e25\u5389\u5236\u88c1\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u65f6\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u4e2d\u5357\u4e9a\u5468\u8fb9\u57fa\u672c\u90fd\u662f\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0d\u53cb\u597d\u751a\u81f3\u654c\u5bf9\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7684\u9886\u571f\u3001\u9886\u7a7a\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u6d0b\u6e2f\u53e3\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u552f\u4e00\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5229\u7528\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

[67]\u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a[1] Shirin Tahir-Kheli, The United States and Pakistan: The Evolution of an Influence Relationship, New York: Praeger Publishers,1982;Rashmi Jain, US-Pak Relations: 1947-1983, New Delhi: Radiant Publishers, 1983;Devidas B. Lohalekar, U.S. Arms to Pakistan: A Study in Alliance Relationship, London: South Asia Books, 1991;<\/p>\n

Dennis Kux, The United States and Pakistan:1947-2000: Disenchanted Allies, Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 2001;A. Z. Hilali, US-Pakistan Relationship: Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan, London: Ashgate Publishing Company, 2005;M.A. Clemson University, 2007;<\/p>\n

Tariq Ali, The Duel: Pakistan on the Flight Path of American Power, New York: Simon & Schuster, 2008;\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u524d\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98Rashmi Jain\u7f16\u8457\u7684The United States and Pakistan 1947-2006: A Documentary Study, Radiant Publishers, 2007\uff0c\u8be5\u4e66\u6536\u7f16\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7f8e\u5df4\u4e24\u56fd\u5b98\u65b9\u3001\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u58f0\u660e\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u8a00\u8c08\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u7f8e\u5df4\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u519b\u4e8b\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee5\u53ca\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u662f\u7814\u7a7620\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u7f8e\u5df4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bb8\u4ee5\u6c11\u3001\u5b59\u7acb\u7965\uff1a\u300a\u91cc\u6839\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u63f4\u52a9\u53ca\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6e56\u5317\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5\u300b\uff08\u54f2\u793e\u7248\uff092018\u5e74\u7b2c6\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c100~108\u9875\u3002[2] \u8d5b\u660e\u987f\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\uff0c\u5373\u300a1961\u5e74\u5916\u63f4\u6cd5\u300b\uff08Foreign Assistance Act of 1961\uff09\u7b2c669\u6761\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u505c\u6b62\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u4ece\u4e8b\u8f6c\u8ba9\u3001\u63a5\u53d7\u6838\u6d53\u7f29\u6216\u56de\u6536\u88c5\u7f6e\u3001\u6838\u6750\u6599\u6216\u6280\u672f\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u63f4\u52a9\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u63a5\u53d7\u65b9\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u6838\u8bbe\u65bd\u7f6e\u4e8e\u56fd\u9645\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u673a\u6784\u7684\u76d1\u7763\u4e0b\u3002\u8be5\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u4e8e1976\u5e746\u670830\u65e5\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u8054\u90a6\u53c2\u8bae\u5458\u8d5b\u660e\u987f\uff08Stuart Symington\uff09\u53d1\u8d77\u800c\u5f97\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n

[3] \u201cMemo to Z. Brzezinski from Stephen Larrabee Outlines Recommendations and Objectives in Protest of the Soviet Intervention in Afghanistan\u201d, December 31, 1979, U.S. Declassified Documents Online (USDDO), CK2349098202.[4] \u201cJimmy Carter State of the Union Address 1980\u201d (Full Text), June 20, 2020, https:\/\/www.jimmycarterlibrary.gov\/assets<\/a><\/p>\n

\/documents\/speeches\/su80jec.phtml.[5] \u201cMemorandum of a Telephone Conversation between President Carter and Pakistani President Zia\u201d, December 28, 1979, U.S. Department of State, Foreign Relations of United States (FRUS),1977\u20131980, Volume XIX, Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Publishing Office (GPO), 2019, pp. 886-887.[6] \u201cAfghanistan: Sov<\/p>\n

iet Invasion and U.S. Response\u201d, January 10,1980, Congressional Research Service Major Issues System (CRSMIS), IB60006, pp.14-15.[7] \u201cSummary Record of Talks\u201d, February 2-3, 1980, U.S. Department of State, FRUS,1977\u20131980, Volume XIX, p.974.[8] \u201cMemorandum from Alexander M. Haig, Jr to the Vice President\u201d, April 16,1981, USDDO, CK234953534<\/p>\n

2.[9] US House, Hearings and Markup before the Committee on Foreign Affairs and its Subcommittees, Security and Economic Assistance to Pakistan, April 27,1981, GPO, 1982, pp.4-5.[10] \u201cAction Memorandum, \u2018Security Assistance for Pakistan\u2019,\u201d Febuary 16, 1981, Digital National Security Archive (DNSA), AF01106.[11]\u201cSize and Timing of FY82 Sec<\/p>\n

urity Assistance Amendment for Pakistan\u201d, February 24, 1981, DNSA, AF01109, pp.1-4.[12] \u201cVisit of Pakistan Foreign Minister,\u201d April 25,1981, DNSA, AF01172, p.4.[13] \u201cJoint US-Pakistan Statement,\u201d June 15,1981, DNSA, AF01205, pp.1-2.[14] \u201cLetter to Richard Allen from Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger Regarding the U.S Security Assista<\/p>\n

nce Program for Pakistan\u201d, July 4, 1981, USDDO, CK2349544756.[15] \u201cU.S. Military Equipment Slated to Be Sold to Pakistan Includes: Fighter Aircraft, Armored Vehicles and Artillery, Air Defense Missiles and Guns, Armed Helicopters\u201d, July 10, 1981, USDDO, CK2349544758.[16] \u201cU.S. Military Equipment Slated to Be Sold to Pakistan Includes: Fig<\/p>\n

hter Aircraft, Armored Vehicles and Artillery, Air Defense Missiles and Guns, Armed Helicopters\u201d, July 10, 1981, USDDO, CK2349544758.[17]\u201cU.S. Military Equipment Slated to Be Sold to Pakistan Includes: Fighter Aircraft, Armored Vehicles and Artillery, Air Defense Missiles and Guns, Armed Helicopters\u201d, July 10, 1981, USDDO, CK2349544758.[1<\/p>\n

8] Shirin Tahir-Kheli, The United States and Pakistan: The Evolution of an Influence Relationship, New York: Praeger Publishers, 1982, p.105;<\/p>\n

Dennis Kux, The United States and Pakistan:1947-2000: Disenchanted Allies, Washington D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 2001, p.259.[19] Dennis Kux, The United States and Pakistan:1947-2000: Disenchanted Allies, Washington, D.C.:Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 2001, pp.259-260.[20] Judith Miller, \u201cPakistan Is Being Offered the F-16 as Part<\/p>\n

of a U.S. Military Aid Plan\u201d, The New York Times, June 13, 1981.[21] Selig S. Harrison, \u201cIndia, and Reagan\u2019s Tilt toward Pakistan\u201d, The New York Times, July 15,1981.[22] \u201cJames L.Buckley Letter to the Editor to NYT\u201d, The New York Times, July 25, 1981.[23] \u201cLetter to Pakistani President Mohammad Zia-ul-Haq from President Ronald Reagan info<\/p>\n

rming Zia that the U.S. Will Deliver F-16 Aircraft to That Country\u201d, September 4, 1981, USDDO, CK2349536376.[24] \u201cPakistan Agrees to a U.S. Aid Plan and F-16 Delivery\u201d, The New York Times, September 16, 1981.[25]\u201cChange in Section 699 of FAA to Permit Aid to Pakistan\u201d, April 27,1981, DNSA, NP01883, pp.2-5.[26] Christopher van Hollen, \u201cLea<\/p>\n

ning on Pakistan\u201d, Foreign Policy, no.38, 1980, pp.35-50.[27]\u201cA Pakistani Aid Package Vital, Administration Tells Congress\u201d, The Washington Post, September 17, 1981.[28] US House, Hearings and Markup before the Committee on Foreign Affairs and its Subcommittees, Security and Economic Assistance to Pakistan, Washington D.C.: GPO, 1982, p.2<\/p>\n

97.[29] US Senate, Hearings before the Committee on Foreign Relations, Aid and the Proposed Arms Sales of F-16s to Pakistan, November 12 and 17,1981, Washington D.C.: GPO,1982, pp.7-8.[30] US House, Committee on Foreign Affairs, Report Prepared by the Staff Study Mission to Pakistan and India: Proposed U.S. Assistance to Arms Transfers to<\/p>\n

Pakistan: An Assessment, Washington D.C.: GPO, 1981, pp.5-6.[31] US House, Committee on Foreign Affairs, Report Prepared by the Staff Study Mission to Pakistan and India: Proposed U.S. Assistance to Arms Transfers to Pakistan: An Assessment, Washington D.C.: GPO, 1981, p.3.[32] US House, Committee on Foreign Affairs, Report Prepared by th<\/p>\n

e Staff Study Mission to Pakistan and India: Proposed U.S. Assistance to Arms Transfers to Pakistan: An Assessment, Washington D.C.: GPO, 1981, p.4.[33] US House, Committee on Foreign Affairs, Report Prepared by the Staff Study Mission to Pakistan and India: Proposed U.S. Assistance to Arms Transfers to Pakistan: An Assessment, Washington<\/p>\n

D.C.: GPO, 1981, p.6.[34] US House, Committee on Foreign Affairs, Report Prepared by the Staff Study Mission to Pakistan and India: Proposed U.S. Assistance to Arms Transfers to Pakistan: An Assessment, Washington D.C.: GPO, 1981, pp.4-5.[35] US House, Committee on Foreign Affairs, Congress and Foreign Policy-1981, Washington D.C.: GPO, 1<\/p>\n

982, p. 110.[36] US House, Committee on Foreign Affairs, Congress and Foreign Policy-1981, Washington D.C.: GPO, 1981, pp.111-112.[37] Larry Q. Nowels, \u201cForeign Aid: Budget and Policy Issues for FY82\u201d, CRSMIS, IB81098, pp.24-25.[38] Larry Q. Nowels, \u201cForeign Aid: Budget and Policy Issues for FY82\u201d, CRSMIS, IB81098, p.25.[39] US House, Com<\/p>\n

mittee on Foreign Affairs, Report Prepared by the Staff Study Mission to Pakistan and India: Proposed U.S. Assistance to Arms Transfers to Pakistan: An Assessment, Washington D.C.: GPO, 1982, p.39.[40] \u201cStatement by Pakistani Foreign Minister, Agha Shahi at the Joint Staff Services Seminar\u201d, Islamabad, January 28-29, 1984, in Rashmi Jain<\/p>\n

ed., The United States and Pakistan 1947-2006: A Documentary Study, New Delhi: Radiant Publishers, pp.113-114.[41] \u201cForeign Assistance Legislation for Fiscal Years 1984-85(Part 5)\u201d, US House, Hearings and Markup before the Subcommittee on Asian and Pacific Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, Economic and Security Assistance in As<\/p>\n

ia and the Pacific, February 23,24, March 8,9,14,18 and 23,1983, Washington D.C.: GPO, 1983, p.229.[42] \u201cForeign Assistance Legislation for Fiscal Years 1984-85(Part 5)\u201d, US House, Hearings and Markup before the Subcommittee on Asian and Pacific Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, Economic and Security Assistance in Asia and the<\/p>\n

Pacific, February 23, 24, March 8,9,14,18 and 23,1983, Washington D.C.: GPO, 1983, p.XVII.[43] \u201cU.S. Policy towards India and Pakistan\u201d, October 11, 1984, National Security Decision Directives (NSDD), NSDD147.[44] Cary J. Pagliano & Kerry Dumbaugh,\u201cThe 99th Congress and Foreign Assistance in an Era of Budget Constraints\u201d, September 22, 19<\/p>\n

87, Congressional Research Service(CRS), Washington D.C.: The Library of Congress, 1987, p.23.[45] Cary J. Pagliano & Kerry Dumbaugh,\u201cThe 99th Congress and Foreign Assistance in an Era of Budget Constraints\u201d, September 22, 1987, Congressional Research Service(CRS), Washington D.C.: The Library of Congress, 1987, p.27.[46] Richard P. Croni<\/p>\n

n, \u201cPakistan: U.S. Foreign Assistance Facts\u201d, CRS, Washington D.C.: the Library of Congress,1987, p.3.[47] \u201cUSCAID\/Pakistan Program Week, April 1987\u201d, PD-ACC-496, June 20, 2020, https:\/\/pdf.usaid.gov\/pdf_docs\/PDACC496.pdf.<\/a>[48] US House, Hearing and Markup before the Subcommittees on Asian and Pacific Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Af<\/p>\n

fairs, The Prospects for Democracy in Pakistan, June 29,1988, Washington D.C.: GPO, 1989, pp.1-2.[49] Bhumitra Chakma, Pakistan\u2019s Nuclear Weapons, New York: Routledge, 2009, p.31;<\/p>\n

Husain Haqqani, Magnificent Delusions: Pakistan, the United States, and an Epic History of Misunderstanding, New York: Public Affairs Books, 2013, p.270.[50] \u300a\u666e\u96f7\u65af\u52d2\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u300b\u662f\u5bf9\u300a1961\u5e74\u5916\u63f4\u6cd5\u300b620E\u6761\u6b3e\u7684\u4fee\u6b63\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u9664\u975e\u603b\u7edf\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8d22\u653f\u5e74\u5ea6\u5411\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bc1\u660e\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u4e0d\u62e5\u6709\u6838\u7206\u70b8\u88c5\u7f6e\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u63f4\u52a9\u80fd\u660e\u663e\u5730\u964d\u4f4e\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u62e5\u6709\u6838\u7206\u70b8\u88c5\u7f6e\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u5bf9\u5df4\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u63f4\u52a9\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u5bf9\u5df4\u8fdb\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u519b\u4e8b\u8bbe\u5907\u6216\u662f\u6280\u672f\u7684\u552e\u5356\u6216\u662f\u8f6c\u8ba9\u3002\u8be5\u4fee\u6b63\u68481985\u5e74\u7531\u8054\u90a6\u53c2\u8bae\u5458\u666e\u96f7\u65af\u52d2\uff08Larry Pressler\uff09\u53d1\u8d77\u3002[51] Husain Haqqani, Magnificent Delusions: Pakistan, the United States, and an Epic History of Misunderstanding, New York: Public Affairs Books, 2013, p.280;<\/p>\n

Dennis Kux, The United States and Pakistan:1947-2000: Disenchanted Allies, Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 2001, pp.306-308.[52] \u201cLetter by President Bush to President Ghulam Ishaq Khan\u201d, September 18, 1990, USDDO, CK2349675698.[53] \u201cSecretary of State James Baker III Provides Text of President George H.W. Bush's message to<\/p>\n

Pakistani President Ghulam Ishaq Khan\u201d, September 19, 1990,USDDO, CK2349644050.[54] \u201cInterviews with Yaqub, Oakley, and Schaffer\u201d, in Dennis Kux, The United States and Pakistan:1947-2000: Disenchanted Allies, Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 2001, pp.309-310.[55] \u201cStatement by Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif at a Public Meeting<\/p>\n

at Liaquatabad,11 December 1990\u201d, in Rashmi Jain ed., The United States and Pakistan1947-2006: A Documentary Study, New Delhi: Radiant Publishers, p.245.[56] US Senate, Hearing before the Subcommittees on International Development and Foreign Assistance, Economic Affairs, and International Environmental Protection of the Committee on Fore<\/p>\n

ign Relations, U.S. Foreign Assistance to Pakistan, Washington D.C.: GPO,2008, p.44.[57] US House, Hearing before the Subcommittees on Europe and the Middle East and Asian and Pacific Affairs of The Committee on Foreign Affairs, United States Policy toward Afghanistan, March 7, 1990, Washington D.C.: GPO,1990, p.129.[58] \u201cUS Policy, Progr<\/p>\n

ams and Strategy in Afghanistan\u201d, March 27, 1985, NSDD, NSDD166.[59]\u201cUS Policy, Programs and Strategy in Afghanistan\u201d, March 27, 1985, NSDD, NSDD166.[60] Clifford Krauss, \u201cU.S. Renews Hope for Afghan Peace\u201d, The New York Times, October 16,1990.[61] Mohammad Yousaf and Mark Adkin, The Bear Trap: The Defeat of a Superpower, Philadelphia: Pe<\/p>\n

n & Sword Books Ltd,2008, p.45.[62] Michael Dobbs, \u201cSoviets Say 13,310 Soldiers Died in Afghan War\u201d, Washington Post, May 26,1988.[63] \u3014\u5df4\u3015\u4f69\u5c14\u97e6\u5179\u00b7\u7a46\u6c99\u62c9\u592b\uff0c\u300a\u5728\u706b\u7ebf\u4e0a\uff1a\u7a46\u6c99\u62c9\u592b\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u300b\uff0c\u5f20\u6625\u7965\u8bd1\uff0c\u8bd1\u6797\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2006\uff0c\u7b2c274\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[64]\u201cFinal Tally, 1983 Government Contributions to UNHCR Programs in Pakistan,\u201d March 9,1984,DNSA, AF01556, pp.1-2.[65] Devidas B. Lohalekar, U.S. Arms to Pakistan: A Study in Alliance Relationship, London: South Asia Books, 1991, pp.62-63.[66] \u201cDirect Overt U.S. Aid Appropriations for and Military Reimbursements to Pakistan, FY2002-FY2020\u201d, June 4, 2021, https:\/\/sgp.fas.org\/crs\/row\/pakaid.pdf.<\/a>\u4f5c\u8005\u7b80\u4ecb\uff1a\u9676\u4eae\uff0c\u4e91\u5357\u5927\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u7cfb\u526f\u6559\u6388\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u674e\u654f\uff0c\u4e91\u5357\u7701\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4efb\u3001\u526f\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u8f6c\u8f7d\u81ea\u201c\u5357\u4e9a\u89c2\u5bdf\u201d\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f72023\u5e742\u67081\u65e5\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u539f\u6587\u520a\u53d1\u4e8e\u300a\u5357\u4e9a\u5b66\u300b\u7b2c1\u8f91\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u539f\u6807\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u82cf\u8054\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u6218\u4e89\u65f6\u671f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u653f\u7b56\u300b\u672c\u671f\u7f16\u8f91\uff1a\u6c5f\u6587\u8f69 \u9648\u73cf\u53ef<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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