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\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6211\u671f\u671b\u57282023\u5e74\u518d\u6b21\u53c2\u52a0\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u4ea4\u6d41\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u3002\u501f\u6b64\u53d1\u6587\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u6211\u5411\u5c3c\u6cca\u5c14\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u670b\u53cb\u95ee\u5019\uff0c\u795d\u4f60\u4eec\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u4e00\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u987a\u5229\uff0c\u5e78\u798f\u7f8e\u6ee1\uff01<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e3a\u82f1\u6587\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1aThe Issues Concerning the Construction of China-Nepal Railway from the Perspective of Humanities and Social SciencesOn September 30, 2022, I had the honor to attend the "Nepal-China Cross-border Railway Academic Seminar" and listened to the discussion of experts and scholars from Nepal and China, which was very meaningful. At the<\/p>\n

very least, there are many similarities in the opinions of the participants that can be explored further. Since 2023, the construction of the China-Nepal cross-border railway has attracted a lot of attention in the Nepalese and Chinese academia. I am glad to see the dialogue between Professor Regmi, Professor Sun Yong, Mr. Shahi and Assoc<\/p>\n

iate Professor Yang Rongtao at the beginning of the New Year. After all, it is very rare for scholars from the two countries to have a dialogue in a WeChat official account. The fact that such an innovative form can be realized is to a large extent due to the honest and friendly exchanges between Chinese and Nepalese scholars.As we all kn<\/p>\n

ow, for more than half a century, Nepal and China have on several occasions jointly conceived the idea of building a railway across the Himalayas to connect the two developing countries and improve the well-being of people along the route. But the engineering challenge of building a railway through the world's highest mountain range is un<\/p>\n

precedented.More importantly, the issue of building the railway has been deeply interfered with by some forces from the very beginning, so much so that there has been considerable resistance in Nepal. These forces not only influence the conception, survey and design of the China-Nepal railway, but also will not miss any opportunity to tak<\/p>\n

e advantage of social conditions and public opinions during the construction process. There is no doubt that the construction of China-Nepal railway is confronted with dual or even compound challenges of engineering technology and social culture. In this regard, people of vision in both countries should have a clear understanding and be f<\/p>\n

ully prepared.The impact of those doubts still hangs over the railway's planned passage. This means that the ideology of the region through which the China-Nepal railway passes will become more diverse and complex. It can be expected that, if the understanding of the areas along the railway is not sufficient, or still only rely on the eco<\/p>\n

logical environment, geological structure and other natural scientific data, while ignoring those social and cultural elements that are implicitly or explicitly involved in the railway construction, the railway construction will not only encounter many economic, social and cultural problems, but also provide opportunities for the destruct<\/p>\n

ive forces, thus increasing the construction and operation risk and more uncertainty of the China-Nepal railway.A comprehensive and in-depth investigation and analysis of the situation along the route is an essential link in the construction of the China-Nepal railway, but it is also a key starting point to deal with the above compound ch<\/p>\n

allenges. However, in our field of railway engineering, because the survey and design units always pay attention to the geological structure, ecological environment and technical and economic indicators along the line, but ignore the religious beliefs, local customs, social relations and other social and cultural elements along the line,<\/p>\n

it is easy to cause problems.If these factors are ignored, they usually lead to two consequences. First, in terms of economic investment, the steep increase of railway construction costs may cause the project to run aground or even be difficult to complete for a long time. Secondly, in terms of social impact, railway construction units fe<\/p>\n

ll into the vortex of negative public opinion, damaged their image and even caused some controversial events. It is worth further pointing out that, especially if someone with ulterior motives is contributing to a general minor friction, the two situations interact with each other, making the problem complicated.In my view, we should atta<\/p>\n

ch great importance to these factors. In China, the proposed China-Nepal railway passes through the Qomolangma National Nature Reserve and other important ecological and water conservation and soil conservation areas. In Nepal, it passes through Langtang National Park and Swapuri Nature Reserve, which are both environmentally sensitive ar<\/p>\n

eas.In China, along the railway, there are Sakya Temple, Papa Temple and other national cultural relic protection units, 9 provincial cultural relic protection units, and county cultural relic protection units of Bangxing Village tomb complex involved in Jilong port station.In Nepal, the situation is more complicated. Take Kathmandu, the<\/p>\n

"City of temples" as an example. As a cultural ancient city with a history of more than 1,000 years, there are more than 2,700 temples of all sizes in the city, with 54 temples per square kilometer. Moreover, it is of great importance to closer people-to-people ties of the \u201cFive-Pronged Approach\u201d, exchanges and mutual learning between the<\/p>\n

two civilizations, and the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.I myself undertook the research of the National Social Science Fund Project (22CMZ009) of Southwest Jiaotong University, and was the host of the project. In the research, a kind of understanding is obtained to deal with the above double and complex challen<\/p>\n

ges of engineering and society, that is, we can bear in mind the Actor-Network Theory, and pay attention to the following three pairs of relations before, during and after the construction.First, international relations, that is, the relations between China, Nepal, India and the United States, which have a profound impact on China-Nepal relations;<\/p>\n

The second is the relationship between road and land, that is, the relationship between China-Nepal Railway and the local governments along the respective territory of China and Nepal. Third, the relationship between engineering technical rationality and local knowledge. Based on this, we can fully understand the complex regional society<\/p>\n

along the railway by carrying out a comprehensive and detailed preliminary investigation.Of course, these three pairs of relationships need more research and discussion. In terms of specific issues, it is necessary to grasp the complex social system including ecological environment, geological structure, ethnic politics, religious culture<\/p>\n

, informal economy, time and space concept in railway construction, so as to lay a solid foundation for coping with the difficulties and challenges in the forecast.Obviously, the task of this large system is beyond the ability of railway route selection experts, railway survey engineers and later management and technical personnel alone,<\/p>\n

and is in need of the active participation of humanistic and social scientists from China and Nepal. I agree with Mr. Shashi that it is better to form a team of engineers and social science experts to work together and inspire each other.It can be seen that scholars in the fields of religion, anthropology, sociology, political economy and<\/p>\n

so on should play a role in the process of field survey, line selection design and construction, thus bringing out the basic cultural values of Humanities and Social Sciences and make creative social contributions.Now it is likely to get a boost with the new government led by Mr Prachanda. On the second day after the formation of the new<\/p>\n

government, the Technical assistance team of the Chinese side for the China-Nepal Cross-border Railway arrived in Kathmandu to discuss and coordinate the feasibility study of the China-Nepal cross-border railway with the Nepalese railway department. The China-Nepal Railway is about to enter a new stage of carrying out field survey and rou<\/p>\n

te selection design along the routes in Nepal.However, in the longer term, the complex challenges facing the China-Nepal railway are structural. It involves various aspects. It needs not only the support of one government, but also the credit support of each successive government, as well as the support of Nepalese public opinion. Further<\/p>\n

more, the units for railway construction and management need to actively familiarize themselves with local customs on the basis of the Nepalese public opinion. In this regard, it is right time for the Humanities and Social Sciences to participate deeply in the field survey and route selection design of China-Nepal railway.The discussion b<\/p>\n

etween Chinese and Nepalese experts and scholars on the cross-border railway is itself a manifestation of closing people-to-people ties. At the last seminar, I listened to the opinions of Nepalese experts, such as Mr. Mahara, Professor Regmi and Professor Thapa. The insights and predicative suggestions they brought out in the seminar helped us to see some issues more clearly!<\/p>\n

It is a good form of communication, so I look forward to attending the seminar again in 2023. I would like to take this opportunity to send my greetings to the academic community in Nepal. I wish you a blessed and happy New Year!\u4f5c\u8005\u7b80\u4ecb\uff1a\u5b59\u7ea2\u6797\uff0c\u56db\u5ddd\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u4e0e\u533a\u57df\u56fd\u522b\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u52a9\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u5458<\/p>\n

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