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[5]\u5f20\u529b\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u638c\u6743\u540e\uff0c\u6709\u610f\u6539\u5584\u7f8e\u5df4\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u7f8e\u5df4\u5173\u7cfb\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u5370\u5df4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002[6]\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7814\u7a76\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u5df4\u653f\u7b56\u6f14\u53d8\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u6218\u7565\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7cbe\u51c6\u5730\u6293\u4f4f\u4e86\u767e\u5e74\u5927\u53d8\u5c40\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u4e2d\u7f8e\u535a\u5f08\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u65b0\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u66fe\u7965\u88d5\u5bf9\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5730\u7f18\u5b89\u5168\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c[7]\u5218\u9e4f\u3001\u6797\u6c11\u65fa\u7b49\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5370\u5ea6\u83ab\u8fea\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u5df4\u5b64\u7acb\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c[8]\u9a6c\u5c14\u6587\u00b7\u6e29\u9c8d\u59c6(Marvin G. Weinbaum)\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u4e0e\u6c99\u7279\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c[9]\u674e\u4f1f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u8c22\u91cc\u592b\u653f\u5e9c\u4e2d\u4e1c\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c[10]\u4e5f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u6240\u5904\u56fd\u9645\u6218\u7565\u73af\u5883\u7684\u628a\u63e1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4ece\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u53ca\u53cc\u8fb9\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u672c\u6587\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u6240\u5904\u6218\u7565\u73af\u5883\u65e2\u9700\u8981\u5ba2\u89c2\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u6218\u7565\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7b49\u4e3b\u89c2\u65b9\u9762\u4e88\u4ee5\u628a\u63e1\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u7740\u91cd\u4ece\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u81ea\u8eab\u6218\u7565\u5b9a\u4f4d\u548c\u4e3b\u52a8\u6218\u7565\u8c03\u6574\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u5bf9\u5176\u6240\u5904\u7684\u6218\u7565\u73af\u5883\u52a0\u4ee5\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5e76\u660e\u786e\u5c06\u5168\u7403\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u4e2d\u7f8e\u535a\u5f08\u3001\u5730\u533a\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5370\u5df4\u5bf9\u6297\u4ee5\u53ca\u5730\u7f18\u5916\u7ebf\u7684\u4e2d\u4e1c\u53d8\u5c40\u7eb3\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u89c6\u91ce\u3002\u5c31\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u56fd\u5185\u6cbb\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u53ca\u5176\u6218\u7565\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u7814\u7a76\u5404\u6709\u4fa7\u91cd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u963f\u5409\u5c14\u00b7\u6c99(Aqil Shah)\u3001\u5b89\u7eb3\u6258\u5c14\u00b7\u5217\u6587(Anatol Lieven)\u7b49\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5efa\u56fd\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u7a0b\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u7a0b\u53ca\u5176\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u519b\u961f\u3001\u653f\u515a\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u56e0\u7d20\u505a\u4e86\u8f83\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u5168\u9762\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e3a\u672c\u6587\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n

[11]\u94b1\u96ea\u6885\u5173\u4e8e\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c[12]\u53f6\u6d77\u6797\u5173\u4e8e\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u4e16\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c[13]\u9648\u7ee7\u4e1c\u3001\u5218\u5c0f\u96ea\u7b49\u5b66\u8005\u5173\u4e8e\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u56f0\u5883\u7684 \u7814\u7a76\uff0c[14]\u5bf9\u8003\u5bdf\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u653f\u7ecf\u6cbb\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u6781\u5177\u542f\u53d1\u6027\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u8d70\u5eca\u5efa\u8bbe\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u548c\u6311\u6218\u4e5f\u5f00\u5c55\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5218\u5b97\u4e49\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u63a3\u8098\u3001\u6c11\u4f17\u671f\u5f85\u8fc7\u9ad8\u3001\u7cbe\u82f1\u9636\u5c42\u5bf9\u534e\u6001\u5ea6\u3001\u6cbf\u7ebf\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u7b49\u662f\u8d70\u5eca\u5efa\u8bbe\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u90e8\u6311\u6218\u3002[15]\u738b\u5947\u3001\u6885\u5efa\u660e\u3001\u5434\u5146\u793c\u7b49\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u805a\u7126\u8d70\u5eca\u6cbf\u7ebf\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c[16]\u800c\u5f20\u5143\u3001\u5b54\u4eae\u7b49\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4ece\u4ffe\u8def\u652f\u5206\u79bb\u4e3b\u4e49\u5207\u5165\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u8d70\u5eca\u5efa\u8bbe\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n

[17]\u672c\u6587\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u6240\u5904\u6218\u7565\u73af\u5883\u4e0e\u81ea\u8eab\u6218\u7565\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e0e\u5176\u6218\u7565\u5b9e\u529b\u6d88\u957f\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u56fd\u5185\u6cbb\u7406\u56f0\u5883\u5219\u662f\u5236\u7ea6\u5176\u5b9e\u529b\u7684\u5173\u952e\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4ece\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u5efa\u6784\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u8f6c\u578b\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u6cbb\u7406\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u56db\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5bf9\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u56fd\u5185\u6cbb\u7406\u56f0\u5883\u4e88\u4ee5\u6982\u62ec\u6027\u5206\u6790\u3002\u5c31\u4e2d\u5df4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d70\u5eca\u5bf9\u5df4\u65b9\u7684\u6218\u7565\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u6210\u679c\u9887\u4e30\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u73b0\u4efb\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u603b\u7406\u4e3b\u7f16\u7684\u300a\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u6cbf\u7ebf\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff1a\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7ecf\u6d4e\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u662f\u8f83\u65e9\u3001\u8f83\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u4ece\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0e\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u5bf9\u5916\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d38\u6613\u4e0e\u5408\u4f5c\u3001\u4e2d\u5df4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6587\u5316\u4ea4\u6d41\u3001\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5730\u7f18\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u5730\u7f18\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7b49\u89d2\u5ea6\u5bf9\u4e2d\u5df4\u5173\u7cfb\u5c55\u5f00\u7efc\u8ff0\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5728\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u5021\u8bae\u5b9e\u65bd\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0e\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5bf9\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7279\u5b9a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u6c34\u5e73\u5bf9\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u5021\u8bae\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u8d21\u732e\u4e0e\u5229\u76ca\u9700\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7814\u5224\u3002<\/p>\n

[18]\u9ad8\u5fd7\u521a\u3001\u7530\u4e30\u3001\u5c39\u54cd\u3001\u80e1\u65ed\u7b49\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u8d70\u5eca\u5efa\u8bbe\u5728\u63a8\u52a8\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u8d38\u6613\u53d1\u5c55[19]\u3001\u5e26\u52a8\u5c31\u4e1a\u3001\u63d0\u632f\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5efa\u8bbe\u65b9\u9762\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u5730\u533a\u53d1\u5c55\u6f5c\u529b\u3002[20]\u5b89\u5fb7\u9c81\u00b7\u65af\u83ab\u5c14(Andrew Small)\u5219\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u5df4\u5173\u7cfb\u5728\u6218\u7565\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u76f8\u4e92\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u9610\u91ca\u53cc\u8fb9\u5173\u7cfb\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5408\u4f5c\u63a8\u52a8\u4e0b\u6b63\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u91cd\u5927\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u51b3\u5b9a\u672a\u6765\u4e9a\u6d32\u6218\u7565\u73af\u5883\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u56e0\u7d20\u3002[21]\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u826f\u597d\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u591a\u672a\u5c06\u8d70\u5eca\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u76ca\u548c\u6218\u7565\u610f\u4e49\u7ed3\u5408\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ece\u6539\u5584\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u6240\u5904\u6218\u7565\u73af\u5883\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c06\u8d70\u5eca\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u7528\u7edf\u4e00\u5728\u6218\u7565\u610f\u4e49\u4e0b\u4e88\u4ee5\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bf9\u8d70\u5eca\u5efa\u8bbe\u5bf9\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7684\u6218\u7565\u610f\u4e49\u5f62\u6210\u7efc\u5408\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002<\/p>\n

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[24]\u5f53\u524d\u5728\u4e2d\u7f8e\u535a\u5f08\u52a0\u5267\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u7f8e\u65b9\u5bf9\u5df4\u6218\u7565\u8bc9\u6c42\u5927\u81f4\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u4e2d\u4e1c\u683c\u5c40\u53d1\u751f\u91cd\u5927\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u4ee5\u571f\u8033\u5176\u548c\u4f0a\u6717\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u65b0\u5174\u5730\u533a\u5927\u56fd\u8fc5\u901f\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u800c\u6c99\u7279\u3001\u963f\u8054\u914b\u53ca\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7b49\u4f20\u7edf\u5927\u56fd\u76f8\u5bf9\u8870\u843d\uff0c\u7275\u52a8\u57df\u5185\u5916\u529b\u91cf\u5206\u5316\u91cd\u7ec4\uff0c\u51b2\u51fb\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u65e2\u6709\u6218\u7565\u5e03\u5c40\u3002<\/p>\n

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[47]\u4e94\u662f\u505a\u51fa\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u8c03\u6574\u3002\u5bf9\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0a\uff0c\u300a\u653f\u7b56\u300b\u63d0\u51fa\u4e0d\u641e\u201c\u9635\u8425\u653f\u6cbb\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7f8e\u5df4\u5173\u7cfb\u5bf9\u5730\u533a\u548c\u5e73\u4e0e\u7a33\u5b9a\u4f9d\u7136\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u9996\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u201c\u8d85\u8d8a\u72ed\u4e49\u7684\u53cd\u6050\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u8d38\u6613\u3001\u6295\u8d44\u3001\u4e92\u8054\u4e92\u901a\u3001\u80fd\u6e90\u3001\u53cd\u6050\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u4ee5\u53ca\u60c5\u62a5\u5408\u4f5c\u7b49\u591a\u9886\u57df\u5f00\u5c55\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u5bf9\u5370\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0a\uff0c\u300a\u653f\u7b56\u300b\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u6539\u5584\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u613f\u671b\u3002\u6b64\u524d\u4e00\u5e74\u591a\uff0c\u5370\u5df4\u4e24\u56fd\u66fe\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u5730\u5f00\u5c55\u9ad8\u5c42\u79d8\u5bc6\u5916\u4ea4\uff0c\u57282021\u5e742\u6708\u4e00\u5ea6\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fb9\u5883\u505c\u706b\u3002\u5728\u5bf9\u4e2d\u4e1c\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0a\uff0c\u300a\u653f\u7b56\u300b\u63d0\u51fa\u4ee5\u6c99\u7279\u3001\u571f\u8033\u5176\u517c\u987e\u7684\u201c\u53cc\u91cd\u70b9\u201d\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e0e\u4f0a\u6717\u201c\u5728\u8fb9\u5883\u7ba1\u7406\u4ee5\u53ca\u5730\u533a\u548c\u5e73\u4e0e\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u5171\u540c\u5229\u76ca\u201d\u3002\u5728\u5bf9\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u53ca\u4e2d\u4e9a\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0a\uff0c\u300a\u653f\u7b56\u300b\u63d0\u51fa\u901a\u8fc7\u5411\u4e2d\u4e9a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5165\u6d77\u53e3\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e0e\u4e2d\u4e9a\u8d38\u6613\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5730\u7f18\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6218\u7565\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u8981\u4e0e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u91cd\u65b0\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5728\u80fd\u6e90\u3001\u9632\u52a1\u53ca\u6295\u8d44\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4f19\u4f34\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

[48]2022\u5e742\u670823\u65e5\uff0c\u4f0a\u59c6\u5170\u00b7\u6c57\u6309\u671f\u62b5\u8fbe\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a23\u5e74\u6765\u9996\u4f4d\u8bbf\u4fc4\u7684\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u603b\u7406\u548c11\u5e74\u6765\u9996\u4f4d\u8bbf\u4fc4\u7684\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u6700\u9ad8\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u76ee\u524d\u6240\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8c03\u6574\u540c\u6837\u5177\u6709\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5bf9\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u6218\u7565\u8d70\u5411\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u4f9d\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5bf9\u89e3\u51b3\u56fd\u5bb6\u6cbb\u7406\u56f0\u5883\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6839\u672c\u6027\u601d\u8def\u548c\u53ef\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u201c\u7efc\u5408\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u6846\u67b6\u201d\u53ca\u300a\u653f\u7b56\u300b\u5c06\u79cd\u79cd\u6cbb\u7406\u96be\u9898\u7eb3\u5165\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u89c6\u91ce\u4e0b\u4e88\u4ee5\u7edf\u7b79\uff0c\u4f46\u663e\u7136\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u4e2d\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u548c\u4f53\u5236\u6027\u56f0\u5883\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6df1\u5165\u53cd\u601d\u4e0e\u63a2\u7d22\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9020\u6210\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u52a8\u8361\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6743\u529b\u91cd\u5fc3\u5728\u519b\u961f\u4e0e\u653f\u515a\u653f\u6cbb\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f80\u590d\u6447\u6446\u3001\u6743\u529b\u7ed3\u6784\u5728\u201c\u603b\u7edf\u5236\u201d\u548c\u201c\u603b\u7406\u5236\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u591a\u6b21\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u601d\uff1b<\/p>\n

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\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u8bba\u8ff0\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u519b\u65b9\u53ca\u5df4\u6770\u74e6\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u6bcb\u5eb8\u8bb3\u8a00\uff0c\u81ea\u5df4\u6770\u74e6\u62c5\u4efb\u5df4\u519b\u6700\u9ad8\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u6743\u529b\u91cd\u5fc3\u518d\u6b21\u5411\u519b\u65b9\u4e00\u4fa7\u56de\u6446\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u519b\u65b9\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u501f\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u52a1\u5e72\u9884\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6269\u5927\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5185\u6db5\u5916\u5ef6\u4e3a\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u519b\u65b9\u5de9\u56fa\u548c\u6269\u5927\u5e72\u653f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u8fa9\u62a4\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ee5\u201c\u5168\u653f\u5e9c\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d\u4fdd\u969c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u519b\u65b9\u5e76\u4e0d\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u8d1f\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\u4ea6\u53ef\u5c31\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u9898\u5411\u653f\u5e9c\u95ee\u8d23\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5df4\u6770\u74e6\u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u4efb\u671f\u672b\u915d\u917f\u63a8\u51fa\u201c\u5df4\u6770\u74e6\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d(Bajwa Doctrine)\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c31\u56fd\u5bb6\u6cbb\u7406\u3001\u5bf9\u5916\u6218\u7565\u7b49\u91cd\u5927\u653f\u6cbb\u95ee\u9898\u505a\u51fa\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u8bba\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n

[49]\u5916\u754c\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u63a8\u51fa\u201c\u7efc\u5408\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u6846\u67b6\u201d\u7b49\u8bba\u8ff0\u662f\u5df4\u6770\u74e6\u6784\u5efa\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u8bf4\u548c\u6253\u9020\u653f\u6cbb\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u5df4\u6770\u74e6\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u76842.0\u7248\u672c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u519b\u65b9\u53ca\u5df4\u6770\u74e6\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u613f\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u56de\u907f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u519b\u65b9\u5e72\u9884\u653f\u6cbb\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5236\u5ea6\u6027\u6e20\u9053\uff0c\u5355\u51ed\u6b64\u7c7b\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u89c2\u5ff5\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5176\u5e72\u653f\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u5728\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u4e0b\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u519b\u65b9\u5e72\u653f\u4e00\u9760\u653f\u7ee9\u3001\u4e8c\u9760\u519b\u961f\u5f62\u8c61\u548c\u519b\u65b9\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e2a\u4eba\u9b45\u529b\uff0c\u5018\u82e5\u201c\u5728\u4f4d\u4e0d\u8c0b\u653f\u3001\u63fd\u6743\u4e0d\u62c5\u8d23\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6700\u7ec8\u53ea\u4f1a\u6298\u635f\u519b\u961f\u53ca\u5176\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u6743\u5a01\uff1b<\/p>\n

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\u8bf4\u5230\u5e95\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u91cd\u56de\u5927\u56fd\u7ade\u4e89\u5c24\u5176\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u683c\u5c40\u4e2d\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u8d85\u7ea7\u5927\u56fd\u7684\u6218\u7565\u68cb\u76d8\u4e0a\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u5bfb\u5f97\u6709\u5229\u7684\u6218\u7565\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u76ee\u524d\u6765\u770b\u5df4\u65b9\u7684\u81ea\u8eab\u6218\u7565\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4ecd\u65e0\u5916\u4e4e\u201c\u4ee5\u5c0f\u535a\u5927\u201d\u7684\u4e24\u6761\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\u5219\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u4e5f\u8981\u8c03\u52a8\u5927\u56fd\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0e\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u56fd\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u8fc7\u5206\u201c\u7ed1\u5b9a\u201d\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u81ea\u8eab\u5730\u7f18\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u5927\u56fd\u201c\u51fa\u79df\u201d\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u6362\u53d6\u76f8\u5e94\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u8c03\u6574\u6709\u9650\u3002\u81ea\u63a8\u51fa\u201c\u7efc\u5408\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u6846\u67b6\u201d\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5df4\u65b9\u5728\u5916\u4ea4\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0a\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5177\u4f53\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece\u5b9e\u9645\u6548\u679c\u770b\u4f5c\u7528\u6709\u9650\u3002\u5728\u5927\u56fd\u5173\u7cfb\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5df4\u65b9\u5411\u7f8e\u65b9\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u53cc\u8fb9\u5173\u7cfb\u201c\u53d1\u5c55\u8def\u7ebf\u56fe\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u663e\u7136\u7f8e\u65b9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ecf\u8d38\u6295\u8d44\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u63d0\u8bae\u5e76\u4e0d\u611f\u5192\uff1b<\/p>\n

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[50]\u7a76\u5176\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u5df4\u65b9\u867d\u7136\u65e0\u610f\u5728\u5927\u56fd\u7ade\u4e89\u6216\u4e2d\u4e1c\u535a\u5f08\u4e2d\u9009\u8fb9\u7ad9\u961f\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u5b9e\u529b\u4f3c\u5df2\u4e0d\u518d\u5177\u6709\u64ac\u52a8\u5927\u56fd\u5173\u7cfb\u751a\u6216\u5730\u533a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5206\u91cf\uff0c\u5176\u5916\u4ea4\u6447\u6446\u4e5f\u4e0d\u518d\u5177\u6709\u4e3e\u8db3\u8f7b\u91cd\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6700\u7ec8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u5927\u56fd\u800c\u8a00\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u9009\u8fb9\u7ad9\u961f\u7684\u6700\u5927\u610f\u4e49\u53ef\u80fd\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3e\u52a8\u672c\u8eab\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u9996\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u6709\u7740\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u6839\u6e90\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5730\u533a\u5c42\u9762\u5370\u5df4\u5bf9\u6297\u548c\u5168\u7403\u5c42\u9762\u4e2d\u7f8e\u535a\u5f08\u4e24\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u5d4c\u5957\uff0c\u5df4\u65b9\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u6807\u4e0e\u4e3b\u8981\u5927\u56fd\u5f53\u524d\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u65e5\u6e10\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u4e0e\u5370\u5bf9\u6297\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u5b9e\u529b\u4e0a\u5904\u4e8e\u52a3\u52bf\uff0c\u8fd8\u5904\u4e8e\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u52a3\u52bf\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\u5b9e\u529b\u7684\u4e0b\u6ed1\uff0c\u5df4\u65b9\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u6218\u7565\u68cb\u76d8\u4e0a\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u4e3e\u8db3\u8f7b\u91cd\u7684\u6218\u7565\u7b79\u7801\uff0c\u53c8\u9762\u4e34\u6297\u98ce\u9669\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u5728\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u4e0a\u5c0f\u4fee\u5c0f\u8865\u5f0f\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u626d\u8f6c\u56f0\u5c40\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u7f8e\u3001\u5370\u6781\u529b\u5728\u5168\u7403\u53ca\u5357\u4e9a\u63a8\u884c\u201c\u9009\u8fb9\u7ad9\u961f\u201d\u7684\u5730\u7f18\u653f\u6cbb\u9635\u8425\u5316\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u800c\u4e2d\u65b9\u5219\u65e0\u610f\u901a\u8fc7\u8d70\u5eca\u5efa\u8bbe\u52a0\u5267\u5730\u533a\u5206\u88c2\u548c\u9635\u8425\u5206\u91ce\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u6218\u7565\u5c42\u9762\u53d7\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u8d70\u5eca\u5efa\u8bbe\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u7acb\u7aff\u89c1\u5f71\u7684\u7f13\u89e3\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7f8e\u3001\u5370\u5355\u65b9\u9762\u5c06\u4e2d\u5df4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d70\u5eca\u5efa\u8bbe\u89c6\u4e3a\u5730\u7f18\u6218\u7565\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u81ea\u8eab\u5949\u884c\u7684\u72ed\u9698\u5730\u7f18\u653f\u6cbb\u89c2\u70b9\u8fa9\u62a4\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u65e0\u7aef\u6253\u538b\u6709\u589e\u65e0\u51cf\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e2d\u5df4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d70\u5eca\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u6539\u53d8\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u65e2\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u5f0a\u7aef\uff0c\u77ed\u671f\u5185\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u9635\u8425\u5316\u7684\u5730\u7f18\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u5e2e\u52a9\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u6218\u7565\u5bf9\u6297\u7684\u5e95\u6c14\u548c\u5b9e\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5df4\u65b9\u63d0\u9ad8\u56fd\u5bb6\u6cbb\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u589e\u5f3a\u6218\u7565\u5b9e\u529b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d70\u5eca\u5efa\u8bbe\u65e2\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u652f\u6301\u548c\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u5236\u7ea6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5185\u5916\u73af\u5883\u548c\u98ce\u9669\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u53d1\u6325\u7684\u662f\u4fc3\u8fdb\u548c\u201c\u5012\u903c\u201d\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u65e0\u8bba\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u653f\u5c40\u5982\u4f55\u53d8\u52a8\uff0c\u7a33\u5b9a\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u5408\u4f5c\u90fd\u662f\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\u5df4\u653f\u5e9c\u9700\u8981\u628a\u63e1\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u548c\u4e3b\u7ebf\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e2d\u5df4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d70\u5eca\u5efa\u8bbe\u548c\u4e2d\u5df4\u52a1\u5b9e\u5408\u4f5c\u52a9\u529b\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u793e\u4f1a\u5404\u754c\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u3002\u4e2d\u5df4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d70\u5eca\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5408\u4f5c\u9886\u57df\u7684\u65b0\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e24\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u5316\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u9053\u8def\u548c\u9636\u6bb5\u90fd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5171\u540c\u5efa\u8bbe\u3001\u62e9\u5584\u800c\u4ece\uff0c\u5728\u5efa\u8bbe\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u6765\u81ea\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5185\u5916\u5404\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u9762\u4e34\u8bf8\u591a\u98ce\u9669\u548c\u6311\u6218\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5145\u5206\u7406\u89e3\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u56fd\u60c5\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u628a\u63e1\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u653f\u7b56\u65b0\u7406\u5ff5\u65b0\u601d\u8def\u7684\u53d8\u4e0e\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5728\u5927\u53d8\u5c40\u4e2d\u7ef4\u62a4\u548c\u5851\u9020\u597d\u4e24\u56fd\u5173\u7cfb\u4e16\u4ee3\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u7a33\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u6001\u52bf\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u8d70\u5eca\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u3001\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u3001\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a[1] \u9a6c\u52a0\u529b:\u300a\u201c9\u00b711\u201d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u540e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5357\u4e9a\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5357\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c2001\u5e74\u7b2c2\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c5\u9875\uff1b\u5434\u5146\u793c\uff1a\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5357\u4e9a\u653f\u7b56\u6f14\u53d8:1947~2006\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5357\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c2007\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c27~31\u9875\uff1b\u97e9\u6653\u9752\u3001\u9f50\u9e4f\u98de\uff1a\u300a20\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u79ef\u6781\u63a8\u52a8\u4e2d\u5df4\u8fb9\u754c\u8c08\u5224\u4e4b\u52a8\u56e0\u5206\u6790\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5357\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c2010\u5e74\u7b2c4\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c62\u9875\u3002[2] \u5218\u7ea2\u826f\uff1a\u300a\u5d29\u800c\u4e0d\u6e83\u7684\u975e\u4f20\u7edf\u8054\u76df\u2014\u2014\u7f8e\u5df4\u51c6\u8054\u76df\u5173\u7cfb\u5206\u6790\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5357\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c2012\u5e744\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c91~92\u9875 ;<\/p>\n

Daniel S. Markey, No Exit from Pakistan: America\u2019s Tortured Relationship with Islamabad (NewDelhi: Cambridge University Press, 2013);<\/p>\n

Daniel S. Markey, \u201cReorienting U.S. Pakistan Strategy from Af-Pak to Asia,\u201dCouncil Special Report No.68, January 2014, pp. 3-15. https:\/\/www<\/a> cfr.org\/sites\/default\/files\/pdf\/2014\/01\/Reorienting _ US _ Pakistan _ Strategy _ CSR68.pdf[3] \u6881\u6850\uff1a\u300a\u8bd5\u6790\u4e2d\u5df4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d70\u5eca\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u201c\u65b0\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def\u201d\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u5730\u7f18\u51b2\u51fb\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5357\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c2016\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c35~37\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[4]\u5170\u6c5f\u3001\u6768\u79c0\u7434\uff1a\u300a\u7279\u6717\u666e\u6267\u653f\u65f6\u671f\u7f8e\u5df4\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u56f0\u5883\u3001\u52a8\u529b\u4e0e\u524d\u666f\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5357\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u5b63\u520a\u300b\uff0c2020\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c18~19\u9875\u3002[5] Daniel S. Markey, \u201cHow the United States Should Deal with China in Pakistan,\u201d Carnegie-Tsinghua Center, 2020, pp. 9-10. https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/files\/Markey_China_Pakistan.<\/a> pdf[6] \u5f20\u529b\uff1a\u300a\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u5916\u6218\u7565\u4e2d\u7684\u5357\u4e9a\u8981\u7d20\uff1a\u5370\u5ea6\u3001\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u548c\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5357\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u5b63\u520a\u300b\uff0c2021\u5e74\u7b2c 1 \u671f\uff0c\u7b2c7~11\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[7] \u66fe\u7965\u88d5\uff1a\u300a\u7565\u8bba\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7684\u5730\u7f18\u5b89\u5168\u7ed3\u6784\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5357\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u5b63\u520a\u300b\uff0c2008\u5e74\u7b2c2\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c35~40\u9875\u3002[8] \u5218\u9e4f\uff1a\u300a\u83ab\u8fea\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7684\u6392\u65a5\u548c\u5b64\u7acb\u653f\u7b56\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u77e5\u8bc6\u300b\uff0c2018\u5e74\u7b2c21\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c32~33\u9875\uff1b\u6797\u6c11\u65fa\uff1a\u300a\u83ab\u8fea\u6267\u653f\u4ee5\u6765\u5370\u5ea6\u5916\u4ea4\u7684\u4e09\u6b21\u8f6c\u53d8\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u77e5\u8bc6\u300b\uff0c2021\u5e74\u7b2c21\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c20~21\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[9] Marvin G. Weinbaum and Abdulah B. Khuram, \u201cPakistan and Saudi Arabia: Deference, Dependence, and Deterence,\u201d Middle East Journal, No 2, Spring 2014, pp. 211-228.[10] \u674e\u4f1f\uff1a\u300a\u6c99\u7279\u4e0e\u4f0a\u6717\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5f88\u4e3a\u96be\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u77e5\u8bc6\u300b\uff0c2015\u5e74\u7b2c10\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c34~36\u9875\u3002[11] Aqil Shah, The Army and Democracy: Military Politics in Pakistan (London: Harvard University Press, 2014);<\/p>\n

Anatol Lieven, Pakistan: A Hard Country (New York: Public Afairs, 2011).[12] \u94b1\u96ea\u6885\uff1a\u300a\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5efa\u56fd\u4e3a\u4f8b\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u6c11\u65cf\u300b\uff0c2010\u5e745\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c9~18\u9875\u3002[13] \u53f6\u6d77\u6797\uff1a\u300a\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u653f\u515a\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u4e16\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6587\u5316\u7eb5\u6a2a\u300b\uff0c2013\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f,\u7b2c54~59\u9875\u3002[14] \u9648\u7ee7\u4e1c\uff1a\u300a\u8f6c\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7ecf\u6d4e\u2014\u2014\u7ecf\u6d4e\u56f0\u5883\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u77db\u76fe\u5206\u6790\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u56db\u5ddd\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5(\u54f2\u5b66\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7248)\u300b\uff0c2009\u5e74\u7b2c4\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c52~57\u9875\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u5218\u5c0f\u96ea\uff1a\u300a\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7ecf\u6d4e\u56f0\u5c40\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u91d1\u878d\u300b\uff0c2018\u5e74\u7b2c17\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c90~91\u9875\u3002[15] \u5218\u5b97\u4e49\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u5df4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d70\u5eca\u5efa\u8bbe\uff1a\u8fdb\u5c55\u4e0e\u6311\u6218\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c2016\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c130~134\u9875\u3002[16] \u738b\u5947\u3001\u6885\u5efa\u660e\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u5df4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d70\u5eca\u6cbf\u7ebf\u6050\u6016\u5a01\u80c1\u5206\u6790\u53ca\u5bf9\u7b56\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5357\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c2017\u5e74\u7b2c4\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c15~41\u9875\uff1b\u5434\u5146\u793c\uff1a\u300a\u5357\u4e9a\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\u6001\u52bf\u5bf9\u4e2d\u5df4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d70\u5eca\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u53ca\u5176\u5e94\u5bf9\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5357\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u5b63\u520a\u300b\uff0c2021\u5e74\u7b2c4\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c1~17\u9875\u3002[17] \u5f20\u5143\uff1a\u300a\u4ffe\u8def\u652f\u5206\u79bb\u4e3b\u4e49\u52bf\u529b\u5bf9\u4e2d\u5df4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d70\u5eca\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u53ca\u5176\u6210\u56e0\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5357\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c2016\u5e74\u7b2c2\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c24~43\u9875\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u5b54\u4eae\uff1a\u300a\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u4ffe\u8def\u652f\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u6781\u7aef\u5316\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u4e2d\u5df4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d70\u5eca\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5357\u4e9a\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c2021\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c47~60\u9875\u3002[18] \u674e\u514b\u5f3a\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u6cbf\u7ebf\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ecf\u6d4e:\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7ecf\u6d4e\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2016\u5e74\u7248\u3002[19] \u9ad8\u5fd7\u521a\u3001\u7530\u4e30\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u5df4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d70\u5eca\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u8d38\u6613\u4fbf\u5229\u5316\u6c34\u5e73\u5bf9\u4e2d\u5df4\u51fa\u53e3\u8d38\u6613\u6548\u7387\u5f71\u54cd\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5357\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c2019\u5e74\u7b2c2\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c139~141\u9875\u3002[20] \u5c39\u54cd\u3001\u80e1\u65ed\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u5df4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d70\u5eca\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u4e92\u8054\u4e92\u901a\u9879\u76ee\u5efa\u8bbe\u6210\u6548\u3001\u6311\u6218\u4e0e\u5bf9\u7b56\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5357\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u5b63\u520a\u300b\uff0c2019\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c32~37\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[21] Andrew Small, The China-Pakistan Axis: Asia\u2019s New Politics (New York: Oxford University Press, 2015), pp. 165-181.[22] PaulJ Smith,\u201cThe China-Pakistan-United States Strategic Triangle: From Cold War to the \u2018 War on Terrorism \u2019,\u201dAsian Affairs: An American Review, Vol. 38, No. 4, October 2011, pp. 197-220.[23] \u5728\u7279\u6717\u666e\u653f\u5e9c2017\u5e7412\u6708\u516c\u5e03\u7684\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u6218<\/p>\n

\u7565\u300b\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3b\u8981\u6709:\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6301\u7eed\u9762\u4e34\u6765\u81ea\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5883\u5185\u7684\u8de8\u56fd\u6050\u6016\u5206\u5b50\u4e0e\u6b66\u88c5\u5206\u5b50\u5a01\u80c1\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5bfb\u6c42\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u4e0d\u518d\u4ece\u4e8b\u7834\u574f\u884c\u4e3a\u4ee5\u53ca\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u81ea\u4e3b\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5f53\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5b89\u5168\u6539\u5584\u5e76\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u534f\u52a9\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u53cd\u6050\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u610f\u613f,\u6211\u4eec\u613f\u4e0e\u4e4b\u53d1\u5c55\u8d38\u6613\u548c\u6295\u8d44\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u575a\u6301\u8981\u6c42\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5bf9\u5728\u5176\u9886\u571f\u5185\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u6b66\u88c5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u6050\u6016\u7ec4\u7ec7\u91c7\u53d6\u575a\u51b3\u63aa\u65bd\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u63d0\u5230\u201c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5411\u5357\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\u6269\u5c55\u5f71\u54cd\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u613f\u5e2e\u52a9\u5357\u4e9a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ef4\u62a4\u5176\u4e3b\u6743\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

See \u201cNational Security Strategy of the United States of America,\u201d The White House , December 2017. https:\/\/trumpwhitehouse<\/a> archives. gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/NSS-Final-12-18-2017-0905. pdf[24] \u201cIndo-Pacific Strategy of the United States of America,\u201d The White House, February 2022. https:\/\/www.Whitehouse.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/0<\/a><\/p>\n

2\/U.S.-Indo-Pacific-Strategy. pdf[25] \u53c2\u89c1\u7f8e\u56fd\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u95ee\u9898\u7279\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u97e6\u65af\u7279\u6709\u5173\u8868\u6001: \u201cTelephonic Press Briefing with Special Representative for Afghanistan Thomas West,\u201d U.S. Department of State, November 8, 2021,https:\/\/www.state.gov\/online-press-briefing-with-special-representative-for-afghanistan-thomas-west\/;<\/a><\/p>\n

Anwar Iqbal, \u201cUS Has No Choice but to Work with Pakistan, Says Envoy,\u201d Dawn, February 17,2022. https:\/\/www.dawn.com\/news\/1675518<\/a>[26] \u201cRemarks by President Biden on Afghanistan,\u201d The White House, August 16, 2021. https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/briefing-room\/speches-remarks\/2021\/08\/16\/remarks-by-president-biden-on-afghanistan\/<\/a>[27] \u201cAgreement fo<\/p>\n

r Bringing Peace to Afghanistan between the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan which Is Not Recognized by the United States as a State and Is Known as the Taliban and the United States of America,\u201d U.S. Department of State, February 29, 2020. https:\/\/www.state.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Agrement-For-Bringing-Peace-to-Afghanistan-02.29.20.pdf<\/a>[28] \u9648\u84c9\uff1a\u300a1962\u5e74\u4e2d\u5370\u8fb9\u754c\u6218\u4e89\u4e0e\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5bf9\u5916\u5173\u7cfb\u8c03\u6574\u2014\u2014\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e2d\u82f1\u5370\u6863\u6848\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0e\u6d77\u6d0b\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c2017\u5e74\u7b2c5\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c80\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[29] \u300a\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u653f\u5e9c\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b0\u7586\u548c\u7531\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5b9e\u9645\u63a7\u5236\u5176\u9632\u52a1\u7684 \u5404\u4e2a\u5730\u533a\u76f8\u63a5\u58e4\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u534f\u5b9a\u300b\u7b2c\u516d\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u201c\u53cc\u65b9\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u5728\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u5173\u4e8e\u514b\u4ec0\u7c73\u5c14\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u83b7\u5f97\u89e3\u51b3\u4ee5\u540e,\u6709\u5173\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u5f53\u5c40\u5c06\u5c31\u672c\u534f\u5b9a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6761\u6240\u8ff0\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u540c\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u91cd\u65b0\u8fdb\u884c\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u4ee5\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u7ea6\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u672c\u534f\u5b9a\uff0c\u8be5\u4e3b\u6743\u5f53\u5c40\u5982\u7cfb\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766,\u5219\u5728\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u548c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5c06\u7b7e\u8ba2\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u7ea6\u4e2d,\u5e94\u8be5\u4fdd\u6301\u672c\u534f\u5b9a\u548c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8bae\u5b9a\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002\u201d\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u4e2d\u65b9\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u514b\u4ec0\u7c73\u5c14\u4e3b\u6743\u5b58\u5728\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u8fd9\u65e2\u662f\u5df4\u65b9\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4ee5\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5b89\u7406\u4f1a\u51b3\u8bae\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53c2\u89c1\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u4e9a\u6d32\u53f8\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u548c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u53cc\u8fb9\u5173\u7cfb\u91cd\u8981\u6587\u732e\u6c47\u7f16\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u77e5\u8bc6\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2006\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c18\u9875\u3002[30] \u201cIndo-Pacific Strategy of the United States of America\u201d, p.16.[31] \u5370\u5ea6\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u987e\u95ee\u963f\u5409\u7279\u00b7\u591a\u74e6\u5c14\u5728\u4efb\u804c\u524d\u4e0d\u4e45\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u6f14\u8bb2\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u9632\u5fa1\u6027\u8fdb\u653b\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u79f0\u8981\u5728\u4e0e\u5bf9\u624b\u8f83\u91cf\u4e2d\u4e3b\u52a8\u5229\u7528\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u77db\u76fe\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u5b64\u7acb\u7b49\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u88ab\u5916\u754c\u666e\u904d\u89c6\u4f5c\u83ab\u8fea\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u5df4\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u65b9\u9488\u3002See\u201cShashank Mishra Asked: What Is the Difference between \u2018Defensive Offence \u2019and \u2018Offensive Defence\u2019?<\/p>\n

\u201d IDSA, March 14 , 2019. https: \/\/idsa. in\/askanexpert\/defensive-offence-and-ofensive-defence[32] \u201cParliament Calls for Neutrality in Yemen Conflict,\u201dDawn, April 10, 2015. https: \/\/www. dawn.com\/news\/1175090\/parliament-calls-for-neutrality-in-yemen-conflict[33] \u201cPM Imran Wil Not Participate in Upcoming Kuala Lumpur Summit: Malaysian PM Of<\/p>\n

ice,\u201dDawn, December 17, 2019. https:\/\/www.dawn.com\/news\/1522790\/pm-imran-will-not-participate-in-upcoming-kuala-lumpur-summit-malaysian-pm-office<\/a>[34] \u201cQureshi Asks OIC to Stop Dragging Feet on Kashmir Meeting,\u201d Dawn, August 6, 2020. https:\/\/www.dawn.com\/news\/1572857<\/a>[35] \u4e01\u9686\u3001\u5f20\u83e1\u6587\uff1a\u300a\u201c\u4e2d\u4e1c\u7248\u56db\u65b9\u5b89\u5168\u5bf9\u8bdd\u201d\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u524d\u9014\u7684\u201c\u6e05\u8c08\u4f1a\u201d?<\/p>\n

\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u77e5\u8bc6\u300b\uff0c2021\u5e74\u7b2c23\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c46~48\u9875\u3002[36] Altaf Qadir, Sayyid Ahmad Barailvi: His Movement and Legacy from the Pukhtun Perspective (New Delhi: SAGE Publications Pvt. Ltd, 2015).[37] \u5218\u4e2d\u6c11\uff1a\u300a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u201c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\u601d\u60f3\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u897f\u4e9a\u975e\u6d32\u300b\uff0c2011\u5e74\u7b2c4\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c11~18\u9875\uff1b\u738b \u65ed\uff1a\u300a\u6bdb\u675c\u8fea\u7684\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u56fd\u5bb6\u7406\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5357\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c2011\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c93~109\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[38] Ahmad Sabat and Muhammad Shoaib, \u201cCandidate Voters in Pakistani Punjab: How Belief, Utility, and Strategy Work,\u201d Asian Survey, Vol. 59, Issue6, November\/December 2019, pp. 978-1000[39] A. T. Embree, \u201cPakistan\u2019s Imperial Legacy,\u201d in A. T. Embree ed., Pakistan \u2019s Western Borderlands: The Transformation of a Political Order (New Delhi:<\/p>\n

Vikas Publishing House Pvt Ltd, 1977), pp. 24-40.[40] \u4ee52020~2021\u8d22\u5e74\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u79c1\u4eba\u6d88\u8d39\u5360GDP\u768480.7%,\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5360GDP\u7684\u7ea662%\uff0c\u800c\u7b2c<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4e8c\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5404\u7ea6\u536019%\u3002<\/p>\n

See\u201cPakistan Economic Survey 2020-21,\u201dFinancial Division, Pakistan, pp.9-13 https:\/\/www.finance.gov.pk\/survey\/chapters_21\/PES_2020_21.pdf<\/a>[41] \u201cPakistan Economic Survey 2020-21,\u201d p.17[42] \u201cRead: Full Text of Gen Bajwa \u2019s Speech at the Islamabad Security Dialogue,\u201d Dawn, March 18, 2010. https:\/\/www.dawn.com\/news\/161320<\/a>[43] \u201cNational Securit<\/p>\n

y Policy of Pakistan 2022-2026,\u201d National Security Division, Pakistan. https:\/\/onsa.gov.pk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/NSP.pdf<\/a>[44] \u201cNational Security Policy of Pakistan 2022-2026,\u201d pp. 6-7.[45] \u201cNational Security Policy of Pakistan 2022-2026,\u201dpp.8.[46] \u201cNational Security Policy of Pakistan 2022-2026,\u201dpp.12-46.[47] \u201cNational Security Policy<\/p>\n

of Pakistan 2022-2026,\u201dpp.vi-34.[48] \u201cNational Security Policy of Pakistan 2022-2026,\u201dpp.36-38.[49] Kamal Alam , \u201cThe Bajwa Doctrine: The Pakistani Military Has Done More than Enough,\u201d RUSI Newsbrief, Vol. 38, Issue 1, February 16, 2018. https:\/\/rusi.org\/explore-our-research\/publications\/rusi-newsbrief\/bajwa-doctrine-pakistani-military-ha<\/a><\/p>\n

s-done-more-enough[50] "National Security Policy of Pakistan 2022-2026,\u201dpp.35-37.[51] \u300a\u4e2d\u5df4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d70\u5eca\u5efa\u8bbe8\u5e74\u591a\u6765\u4e3a\u5df4\u5e26\u6765254\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u76f4\u63a5\u6295\u8d44\u300b\uff0c\u65b0\u534e\u7f51\uff0c2021\u5e749\u670823\u65e5\u3002<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.news.cn\/2021-09\/23\/c_1127894399.htm<\/a>[52] \u201cMacro Economic Indicators,\u201d Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. https:\/\/www.pbs.gov.pk\/content\/table-01-macro-economic-indicators<\/a>[53] \u300a\u4e13\u8bbf\uff1a\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u4e3a\u5df4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u6ce8\u5165\u65b0\u6d3b\u529b\u2014\u2014\u8bbf\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u9a7b\u534e\u5927\u4f7f\u83ab\u56e0\u54c8\u514b\u300b\uff0c\u65b0\u534e\u793e\uff0c2022\u5e743\u67083\u65e5\u3002<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.news.cn\/2022-03\/03\/c_1128433957.htm<\/a>[54] \u300a2021\u5e74\u5ea6\u4e2d\u5df4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d70\u5eca\u9879\u76ee\u4f18\u79c0\u5df4\u65b9\u5458\u5de5\u9881\u5956\u4eea\u5f0f\u6210\u529f\u4e3e\u884c\u300b,\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u6539\u9769\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c2022\u5e741\u670821\u65e5\u3002https:\/\/www.ndrc.gov.cn\/fzggw\/jgsj\/zys\/sjdt\/202201\/t20220121_1312764.html?<\/a><\/p>\n

code= &state=123[55] "National Security Policy of Pakistan 2022-2026,\u201dpp.18.[56] "National Security Policy of Pakistan 2022-2026,\u201dpp.36.[57] \u300a\u4e2d\u5df4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d70\u5eca (CPEC)22\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u6307\u54ea\u4e9b?\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7f51\uff0c2019\u5e741\u67089\u65e5\u3002http:\/\/intl.ce.cn\/sjjj\/qy\/201901\/09\/t20190109_31215542.shtml<\/a>\u4f5c\u8005\u7b80\u4ecb\uff1a\u738b\u65ed\uff0c\u4e3a\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u5916\u56fd\u8bed\u5b66\u9662\u5357\u4e9a\u5b66\u7cfb\u526f\u6559\u6388\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u6797\u4e00\u9e23\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u5357\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u52a9\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u8f6c\u8f7d\u81ea\u201c\u5357\u4e9a\u89c2\u5bdf\u201d\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f72022\u5e746\u670828\u65e5\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u539f\u6807\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u5357\u4e9a\u89c2\u5bdf\u5bb6\uff5c\u738b\u65ed \u6797\u4e00\u9e23\uff1a\u5927\u53d8\u5c40\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u5df4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d70\u5eca\u5efa\u8bbe\u300b\u672c\u671f\u7f16\u8f91\uff1a\u9648\u73cf\u53ef<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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