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ma\u7cfb\u85cf\u8bed\u7684\u6ee1\u8bed\u97f3\u8bd1\uff0calin\u5373\u6ee1\u8bed\u201c\u5c71\u201d\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u6c49\u8bed\u7531\u6ee1\u8bed\u800c\u97f3\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u6731\u59c6\u6717\u9a6c\u963f\u6797\u201d\u30021771\u5e74\uff0c\u300a\u4e7e\u9686\u5185\u5e9c\u8206\u56fe\u300b\u4ee5\u201c\u73e0\u7a46\u6717\u739b\u201d\u4e4b\u540d\u66ff\u4ee3\u4e86\u201c\u6731\u59c6\u6717\u9a6c\u963f\u6797\u201d\uff0c\u9042\u6cbf\u88ad\u81f3\u4eca\u3002[10] \u5728\u6e05\u671d\u4e24\u6b21\u5b98\u65b9\u7f16\u64b0\u7684\u5730\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u97f3\u8bd1\u8bcd\u201c\u559c\u9a6c\u62c9\u96c5\u201d\u5747\u672a\u51fa\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u5728\u85cf\u6587\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u97f3\u5199him\u0101laya\u4e00\u8bcd\u8f83\u4e3a\u665a\u8fd1\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u51fa\u73b0\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u3002\u8d21\u5374\u4e39\u589e\uff08dkon mchog bstan vdzin\uff091896\u5e74\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u300a\u5188\u5e95\u65af\u5c71\u6676\u955c\u5fd7\u300b\uff08gangs rivi gnas bshad shel dkar me long\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86him\u0101laya\uff08\u0f67\u0f7a\u0f0b\u0f58\u0f0b\u0f63\u0f0b\u0f61\u0f0d\uff09\u4e00\u8bcd\u85cf\u6587\u97f3\u5199\u3002[11]\u6982\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u572818\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6c49\u3001\u85cf\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u5747\u672a\u89c1\u5230\u201c\u559c\u9a6c\u62c9\u96c5\u201d\uff08him\u0101laya\uff09\u97f3\u8bd1\u8bcd\u6c47\u300218\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u540e\u671f\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u52bf\u529b\u6e17\u5165\u5230\u559c\u9a6c\u62c9\u96c5\u5c71\u5357\u9e93\uff0c\u624d\u5c06\u201c\u559c\u9a6c\u62c9\u96c5\u201d\u5e26\u5411\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u548c\u4e16\u754c\uff0c[12]\u968f\u540e\u53c8\u56de\u4f20\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 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style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u81ea\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a\u201c\u5a46\u7f57\u591a\u201d\uff08bharata\uff09\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5230\u4e86\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u4f9d\u7136\u81ea\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a\u201c\u5a46\u7f57\u591a\u201d\uff08bh\u0101rat\uff09\u3002[13] \u201c\u96ea\u5c71\u201d\u81ea\u4e0d\u5f85\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u53e4\u4ee3\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u5730\u7406\u5750\u6807\uff0c\u300a\u6bd7\u6e7f\u5974\u5f80\u4e16\u4e66\u300b\uff08vi\u1e63\u1e47u pur\u0101\u1e47a\uff09\u4e91\uff1a[14]\u4ece\u5317\u8fb9\u7684\u96ea\u5c71\u5230\u5357\u8fb9\u7684\u5927\u6d77\u90fd\u662f\u5a46\u7f57\u591a\u56fd\uff08bh\u0101rat\u012b\uff09\u7684\u5b50\u5b59\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u201c\u96ea\u5c71\u201d\u6210\u4e3a\u5370\u5ea6\u6b21\u5927\u9646\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u7406\u533a\u5757\u7684\u754c\u5206\u548c\u5176\u81ea\u6211\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\u3002\u7eb5\u89c2\u5370\u5ea6\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4ece\u201c\u5317\u8fb9\u7684\u96ea\u5c71\u5230\u5357\u8fb9\u7684\u5927\u6d77\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u6c11\u65cf\u4f17\u591a\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f17\u591a\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c3d\u7136\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u5a46\u7f57\u591a\u56fd\u7684\u5b50\u5b59\u201d\u3002\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u73b0\u4ee3\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u5a46\u7f57\u591a\u201d\u4e5f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u81ea\u6211\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 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sara\uff09\u4e4b\u6d41\u4f20\u5f25\u4e45\u4e0d\u8870\u3002\u5728\u53e4\u4ee3\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u795e\u8bdd\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u628a\u201c\u51ef\u62c9\u8428\u201d\u548c\u201c\u739b\u7eb3\u65af\u6e56\u201d\u63cf\u8ff0\u6210\u5982\u5929\u56fd\u4e00\u822c\u5e84\u4e25\u548c\u7f8e\u4e3d\uff0c\u4fe8\u7136\u5982\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u201c\u4f0a\u7538\u56ed\u201d\uff08Pradise\uff09\u4e00\u822c\u3002\u65e9\u5728\u516c\u5143\u524d3\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u5728\u8003\u5e95\u5229\u8036\uff08kautilya\uff09\u7684\u300a\u5229\u8bba\u300b\uff08artha\u015b\u0101stra\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5efa\u6784\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u4eba\u95f4\u7248\u201c\u575b\u57ce\u201d\uff08ma\u1e47\u1e0dala\uff09\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002[16] \u201c\u575b\u57ce\u201d\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u5b97\u6559\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u72ec\u6709\u7684\u5929\u56fd\u56fe\u666f\uff0c\u5929\u56fd\u662f\u4eba\u95f4\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7ffb\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 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Pur\u0101\u1e47a\uff09\uff0c\u628a\u201c\u51ef\u62c9\u8428\u201d\u60f3\u8c61\u4e3a\u795e\u4ed9\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u5bcc\u4e3d\u5802\u7687\u7684\u5bab\u6bbf\uff0c\u7531\u73e0\u5b9d\u3001\u6c34\u6676\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u79cd\u5947\u73cd\u5f02\u517d\u3001\u540d\u8d35\u82b1\u8349\u6240\u88c5\u9970\uff0c\u91d1\u7ae5\u7389\u5973\u73af\u7ed5\u4e8e\u5bab\u6bbf\u4e4b\u5185\u3002[18]\u201c\u51ef\u62c9\u8428\u201d\u7684\u575b\u57ce\u5316\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u8981\u8d1f\u4e3b\u8981\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u201c\u739b\u7eb3\u65af\u6e56\u201d\u96ea\u5c71\u4e2d\u6709\u201c\u51ef\u62c9\u8428\u201d\u4e4b\u5c71\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u96ea\u5c71\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u201c\u739b\u7eb3\u65af\u6e56\u201d\uff08m\u0101nasa sara\uff09\u3002\u300a\u6469\u8bc3\u5a46\u7f57\u591a\u300b\u7b2c2\u7bc7\u7b2c25\u7ae0\u7b2c4\u548c\u7b2c5\u4e24\u9882\u8bb2\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u4ff1\u5362\u201d\uff08kuru\uff09\u548c\u201c\u822c\u5ea6\u201d\uff08 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style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">[22] 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style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u4e09\u3001\u201c\u51ef\u62c9\u8428\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u739b\u7eb3\u65af\u6e56\u201d\u8fdb\u5165\u5370\u5ea6\u4f5b\u6559\u7cfb\u7edf\u201c\u51ef\u62c9\u8428\u201d\u548c\u201c\u739b\u7eb3\u65af\u6e56\u201d\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u548c\u6e90\u5934\u8fdb\u5165\u5370\u5ea6\u4f5b\u6559\uff08Indo-Buddhism\uff09\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u4f5b\u6559\u5438\u6536\u4e86\u5370\u5ea6\u68b5\u8bed\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u795e\u8bdd\u3002[23] \u8457\u540d\u5b66\u8005\u9ea6\u57fa\uff08Alex Mckay\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201c\u5f25\u52d2\u83e9\u8428\u4e0a\u515c\u7387\u5929\u201d\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u68b5\u8bed\u7cfb\u7edf\u795e\u8bdd\u201c\u51ef\u62c9\u8428\u201d\u795e\u8bdd\u8fdb\u5165\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u53d8\u4f53\u3002[24] 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1.05em;\">\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u4f5b\u6559\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u963f\u8028\u8fbe\u6c60\u201d\u4fe1\u4ef0\u201c\u963f\u8028\u8fbe\u201d\u7cfb\u68b5\u6587anavatapta\u7684\u97f3\u8bd1\uff0c\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u65e0\u607c\u70ed\u201d\u3002\u516c\u5143399\u5e74\uff0c\u540e\u79e6\u4f5b\u9640\u8036\u820d\u548c\u7afa\u4f5b\u5ff5\u5171\u540c\u8bd1\u51fa\u300a\u963f\u8028\u8fbe\u7ecf\u300b\uff0c\u73b0\u6536\u5f55\u5728\u300a\u5927\u85cf\u7ecf\u300b\uff0c\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u4f5b\u8bf4\u5f18\u9053\u5e7f\u663e\u4e09\u6627\u7ecf\u300b\u3002[28] 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\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u82ef\u6559\u6e90\u6d41\u300b\uff08legs bshad rin po chevi gter mdzod dpyod ldan dgav char zhes bya\uff09\u8a00\u9053\uff1a \u201c\u9b4f\u6469\u9686\u4ec1\uff08vol mo lung rin\uff09\u5206\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u7406\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u9b4f\u6469\u9686\u4ec1\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u795e\u8bdd\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u9b4f\u6469\u9686\u4ec1\u4e24\u79cd\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5730\u7406\u6982\u5ff5\u8fd8\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u6982\u5ff5\u9b4f\u6469\u9686\u4ec1\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6700\u663e\u8457\u7684\u5730\u7406\u6807\u5fd7\u5c31\u662f\u9b4f\u6469\u9686\u4ec1\u9644\u8fd1\u6709\u5188\u5e95\u65af\u5c71\u548c\u739b\u65c1\u96cd\u9519\u6e56\u3002\u201d[48] \u6839\u636e\u7ecf\u6587\u5bf9\u201c\u9b4f\u6469\u9686\u4ec1\u201d\u5883\u5185\u5c71\u5ddd\u6cb3\u6d41\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u201c\u795e\u5c71\u5723\u6e56\u201d\u5728\u85cf\u5730\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u53f2\u5730\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u65e9\u5df2\u6709\u4e4b\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 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mtsho\u5373\u4e3a\u540e\u6765\u4f5b\u6559\u91cd\u5851\u540e\u6240\u79f0\u7684\u739b\u65c1\u96cd\u63aa\uff08ma pham gyu mtsho\uff09\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u5176\u8bed\u6e90\u6709\u5f85\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u5188\u5e95\u65af\u201d\u7531\u8c61\u96c4\u8bed\uff08zhang zhung skad\uff09\u6f14\u5316\u800c\u6765\u3002[52]\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u5c97\u5e95\u65af\uff08gangs ti se\uff09\u5728\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u672c\u571f\u5b97\u6559\u2014\u2014\u82ef\u6559\u4e2d\u65e9\u5df2\u81ea\u6210\u4e00\u7cfb\u3002[53]\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u201c\u963f\u8028\u8fbe\u6c60\u201d\u7684\u85cf\u6587\u8bd1\u4ecb\u53ca\u5370\u85cf\u53f2\u5730\u7684\u5ac1\u63a5\u7ffb\u8bd1\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u518d\u521b\u9020\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u521b\u9020\u8005\u8ba4\u77e5\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u53cd\u6620\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">[54]8\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u300a\u4ff1\u820d\u8bba\u300b\u7684\u85cf\u6587\u8bd1\u672c\u7531\u5410\u8543\u8d64\u677e\u5fb7\u8d5e\uff08khri srong sde btshan\uff09\u65f6\u671f\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u8bd1\u5e08\u4e4b\u4e00\u2014\u2014\u5676\u54c7\u8d1d\u5219\uff08skal ba dpal btsegs\uff09\u4e0e\u5370\u5ea6\u800c\u6765\u7684\u73ed\u667a\u8fbe\uff08pa\u1e47\u1e0dita\uff09\u80dc\u53cb\uff08janimitra\uff09\u5408\u8bd1\u800c\u6210\u3002\u300a\u4ff1\u820d\u8bba\u300b\u5bf9\u201c\u963f\u8028\u8fbe\u6c60\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u56db\u6cb3\u201d\u7684\u4f5b\u6559\u5730\u7406\u89c2\u5ff5\u6709\u7740\u660e\u6670\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u3002\u73b0\u8bd5\u5217\u4e3e\u300a\u4ff1\u820d\u8bba\u300b\u4e2d\u68b5\u6587anavatapta\u548chimavata\u7684\u68b5-\u85cf-\u6c49\u4e09\u8bed\u8bcd\u6c47\u5bf9\u7167\u5982\u4e0b\uff1aanavatapta\u2014\u2014mtsho\uff08ma dro\uff09\u2014\u2014\u65e0\u70ed\u607c\uff08\u65e0\u607c\u70ed\/\u6e05\u51c9\uff09 himavata\u2014\u2014 gangs ri\u2014\u2014\u96ea\u5c71\u901a\u8fc7\u68b5\u85cf\u5bf9\u52d8\uff0c\u5728\u300a\u4ff1\u820d\u8bba\u300b\u7684\u85cf\u6587\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e2d\uff0c\u85cf\u6587\u5c06\u68b5\u6587anavatapta\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u85cf\u6587mtsho\uff0c\u5c06\u68b5\u672c\u4e2d\u7684himavata\u8bd1\u6210\u85cf\u6587gangs ri\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u67e5\u9605\u6210\u4e66\u4e8e9\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u300a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u540d\u4e49\u5927\u96c6\u300b\uff08bya brag tu brjod pa chen po\uff09\u8bcd\u6761\uff1a\u68b5\u6587anavataptan\u0101gar\u0101japarip\u1e5bcch\u0101\u85cf\u6587\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3akluvi rgyal po ma dros pas zhus ba\uff0c\u5176\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u4e3a\u201c\u963f\u8028\u8fbe\u9f99\u738b\u7ecf\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u68b5\u6587anavatapta\u85cf\u8bed\u610f\u8bd1\u4e3a\uff08mtsho\uff09ma dros \u3002[55] \u85cf\u6587\u6700\u521d\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5341\u5206\u7b80\u6d01\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662fmtsho\u8fd8\u662f\uff08mtsho\uff09ma 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style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u516c\u51437\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u4f5b\u6559\u5728\u897f\u85cf\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u201c\u963f\u8028\u8fbe\u6c60\u201d\u4fe1\u4ef0\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u68b5\u8bed\u5b97\u6559\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u51ef\u62c9\u8428\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u739b\u7eb3\u65af\u6e56\u201d\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e00\u5e76\u8fdb\u5165\u897f\u85cf\uff0c\u5e76\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u53f2\u5730\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u201c\u5188\u5e95\u65af\u201d\u548c\u201c\u739b\u65c1\u96cd\u63aa\u201d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u897f\u85cf\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u53f2\u5730\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u5f15\u5165\u548c\u4f5b\u7ecf\u8bd1\u4ecb\uff0c\u85cf\u5730\u4f5b\u6559\u5b66\u8005\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u690d\u548c\u5ac1\u63a5\u5230\u201c\u5188\u5e95\u65af\u201d\u548c\u201c\u739b\u65c1\u96cd\u63aa\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u91cd\u6784\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u53f2\u5730\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u80cc\u540e\u8574\u85cf\u7740\u7684\u201c\u9690\u6743\u529b\u201d\u76f4\u63a5\u4fc3\u4f7f\u7740\u5370\u85cf\u4e24\u4e2a\u53f2\u5730\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u79fb\u690d\u3001\u5ac1\u63a5\u548c\u91cd\u6784\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u201c\u5370\u85cf\u53f2\u5730\u7684\u9519\u4f4d\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">13\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u4ee5\u8428\u8fe6\u73ed\u667a\u8fbe\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u85cf\u65cf\u4f5b\u6559\u5b66\u8005\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u5bb6\uff0c\u575a\u6301\u6587\u5316\u4e3b\u4f53\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u85cf\u4f20\u4f5b\u6559\u4e2d\u56fd\u5316\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u5730\u6307\u51fa\u5370\u85cf\u53f2\u5730\u7684\u9519\u4f4d\uff0c\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u5730\u9a73\u65a5\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u85cf\u5730\u7684\u4e0d\u5b9e\u4e4b\u8f9e\uff0c\u5e76\u65d7\u5e1c\u9c9c\u660e\u5730\u6279\u5224\u4e86\u897f\u85cf\u795e\u5c71\u5723\u6e56\u4e0e\u5370\u5ea6\u68b5\u8bed\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u201c\u51ef\u62c9\u8428\u201d\u548c\u201c\u739b\u7eb3\u65af\u6e56\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u5ac1\u63a5\u4e0e\u91cd\u6784\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u65e0\u7591\u5bf9\u4eca\u5929\u63a8\u8fdb\u85cf\u4f20\u4f5b\u6559\u4e2d\u56fd\u5316\u6709\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u542f\u793a\u548c\u501f\u9274\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[1]\u7b14\u8005\u5f15\u7528\u7248\u672c\u4e3a\u54e5\u5ef7\u6839\u5927\u5b66\u300a\u68a8\u4ff1\u5420\u9640\u300b\u7cbe\u6821\u7248\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0RV\uff1b\u68b5\u6587\u8f6c\u5199\uff1ayasyeme himavanta\u1e25 mahitv\u0101yasya samudra\u1e43 rasay\u0101 sah\u0101hu\u1e25 \/RV\u2014\u201410,121.04a\/\uff1b<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u7f51\u5740\uff1a<a href=\"http:\/\/gretil.sub.uni-goettingen.de\/gretil.htm#RLBuddh.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/gretil.sub.uni-goettingen.de\/gretil.htm#RLBuddh.<\/a>[2]\u6797\u627f\u8282\uff1a\u300a\u5370\u5ea6\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2004\uff0c\u7b2c59\u9875\u3002[3]\u7b14\u8005\u5f15\u7528\u7248\u672c\u4e3a\u54e5\u5ef7\u6839\u5927\u5b66\u300a\u6469\u8bc3\u5a46\u7f57\u591a\u300b\u7cbe\u6821\u7248\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0Mbh.[4]\u6797\u627f\u8282\uff1a\u300a\u5370\u5ea6\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2004\uff0c\u7b2c59\u9875\u3002[5]\u7b14\u8005\u5f15\u7528\u7248\u672c\u4e3a\u54e5\u5ef7\u6839\u5927\u5b66\u300a\u5229\u8bba\u300b\u7cbe\u6821\u7248\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0KAZ\uff1b\u68b5\u6587\u8f6c\u5199\uff1atasy\u0101\u1e43 himavat samudra antaram ud\u012bc\u012bna\u1e43\/KAZ09.1.18\/\uff1b<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u7f51\u5740\uff1a<a href=\"http:\/\/gretil.sub.uni-goettingen.de\/gretil.htm#RLBuddh.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/gretil.sub.uni-goettingen.de\/gretil.htm#RLBuddh.<\/a>[6] \u7b14\u8005\u5f15\u7528\u7248\u672c\u4e3a\u54e5\u5ef7\u6839\u5927\u5b66\u300a\u9e20\u6469\u7f57\u51fa\u4e16\u300b\u7cbe\u6821\u7248\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0Ks\uff0c\u68b5\u6587\u8f6c\u5199\uff1aasty uttarasy\u0101\u1e43 di\u015bi devat\u0101tm\u0101 him\u0101laya\u1e25 n\u0101ma nag\u0101dhir\u0101ja\u1e25 \/p\u016brv\u0101parau toyanidh\u012b vig\u0101hya sthita\u1e25 p\u1e5bthivy\u0101 iva m\u0101nada\u1e47\u1e0da\u1e25\/\/Ks.1.1\/\/Ks.1.1\/\/\uff1b\u7f51\u5740\uff1a<a href=\"http:\/\/gretil.sub.uni-goettingen.de\/gretil.htm#RLBuddh.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/gretil.sub.uni-goettingen.de\/gretil.htm#RLBuddh.<\/a>[7] \u91ca\u9053\u5ba3\uff1a\u300a\u7eed\u9ad8\u50e7\u4f20\u00b7\u5377\u7b2c\u4e00\u00b7\u62d8\u90a3\u7f57\u9640\u4f20\u300b\u00b7\u300a\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u300b\u7b2c113\u518cNo1469\uff1b<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u771f\u8c1b\uff08kulan\u0101tha\uff09\u5728\u9648\u671d\u5929\u5609\u56db\u5e74\u95f4\uff08\u516c\u5143563\u5e74\uff09\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u300a\u963f\u6bd7\u8fbe\u78e8\u4ff1\u820d\u91ca\u8bba\u300b\u548c\u7384\u5958\u5728\u5510\u6c38\u5fbd\u4e8c\u5e74\uff08\u516c\u5143651\u5e74\uff09\u8bd1\u51fa\u7684\u300a\u963f\u6bd7\u8fbe\u78e8\u4ff1\u820d\u8bba\u300b\u3002[8]\u300a\u65b0\u4fee\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u00b7\u5bc6\u6559\u90e8\u300bNo.1191\u3002[9]\u6839\u6566\u7fa4\u57f9\uff1a\u300a\u6839\u6566\u7fa4\u57f9\u6587\u8bba\u7cbe\u9009\u300b\uff0c\u683c\u6851\u66f2\u6279\u8bd1\u3001\u5468\u5b63\u6587\u6821\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u85cf\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2012\uff0c\u7b2c19-20\u9875\u3002[10]\u5b89\u742a\u3001\u516c\u7ef4\u519b\uff1a\u300a\u6e05\u4ee3\u5370\u85cf\u8fb9\u7586\u7684\u8206\u5730\u5b66\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u9057\u4ea7\u2014\u2014\u8bc4\u9a6c\u4e16\u5609\u3008\u4ece\u8fb9\u653f\u5230\u5916\u4ea4:\u5370\u5ea6\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u6e05\u4ee3\u5730\u7f18\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3009\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5357\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u300b2017\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c140\u9875\u3002[11]\u8d21\u5374\u4e39\u589e\uff1a\u300a\u5188\u5e95\u65af\u5c71\u6676\u955c\u5fd7\u300b\uff08\u85cf\u6587\uff09\uff0c\u897f\u85cf\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1992\uff0c\u7b2c9\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">[12]Alex Mckay,Kailas Histories\uff1arenunciate tradition and construction of Himalaya sacred geography,Leiden\/Boston,Brill,2015,P377\u2014378.[13]\u3014\u5370\u3015\u8f9b\u54c8\u3001\u73ed\u7eb3\u5409\uff1a\u300a\u5370\u5ea6\u901a\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u5f20\u82e5\u8fbe\u3001\u51af\u91d1\u8f9b\u3001\u738b\u4f1f\u8bd1\uff0c\u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u9986\uff0c1964\uff0c\u7b2c15\u9875\u3002[14]\u7b14\u8005\u5f15\u7528\u7248\u672c\u4e3a\u54e5\u5ef7\u6839\u5927\u5b66\u300a\u6bd7\u6e7f\u5974\u5f80\u4e16\u4e66\u300b\u7cbe\u6821\u7248\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0Vip\uff0c\u68b5\u6587\u8f6c\u5199\uff1auttara\u1e43 yatsamudrasya him\u0101dre\u015bcaiva dak\u1e63i\u1e47am \/var\u1e63a\u1e43 tadbh\u0101rata\u1e43 n\u0101ma bh\u0101rat\u012b yatra santati\u1e25\/\/ViP\u2014\u20142,3.1\/\/\uff1b<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u7f51\u5740\uff1a<a href=\"http:\/\/gretil.sub.uni-goettingen.de\/gretil.htm#RLBuddh.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/gretil.sub.uni-goettingen.de\/gretil.htm#RLBuddh.<\/a>\u4ea6\u53c2\u89c1\uff1a\u3014\u5370\u3015R\u00b7C\u00b7\u9a6c\u5b97\u8fbe H\u00b7C\u00b7\u8d56\u4e54\u675c\u91cc\u3001\u5361\u5229\u91d1\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u8fbe\u300a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5370\u5ea6\u53f2\u300b\uff0c \u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u9986\uff0c 1986\uff0c\u7b2c13-14\u9875\u3002[15]Dianal L. Eck,India:A Scared geography,New York:United States by Harmony Boooks,2012\uff0cP100-102.[16]\u4e25\u7965\u6d77\uff1a\u300a\u9057\u4ea7\u3001\u91cd\u5851\u4e0e\u6311\u6218\uff1a\u4e0d\u4e39\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u56f0\u5883\u53ca\u5176\u5e94\u5bf9\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u897f\u85cf\u6c11\u65cf\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5\u300b2021\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c91\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">[17]\u7b14\u8005\u5f15\u7528\u7248\u672c\u4e3a\u54e5\u5ef7\u6839\u5927\u5b66\u300a\u4e91\u4f7f\u300b\u7cbe\u6821\u7248\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0 KMgD\uff1b\u68b5\u6587\u8f6c\u5199\uff1agatv\u0101 cordhva\u1e43 da\u015bamukhabhujocchv\u0101sitaprasthasa\u1e43dhe\u1e25 kail\u0101sasya trida\u015bavanit\u0101darpa\u1e47asy\u0101tithi\u1e25 sy\u0101\u1e25 \/\u015b\u1e5b\u1e45gocchr\u0101yai\u1e25 kumudavi\u015badair yo vitatya sthita\u1e25 kha\u1e43 r\u0101\u015b\u012bbh\u016bta\u1e25 pratidi\u015bam iva tryambakasy\u0101\u1e6d\u1e6dah\u0101sa\u1e25 \/\/ KMgD-58 \/\/\uff1b<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u7f51\u5740\uff1a<a href=\"http:\/\/gretil.sub.uni-goettingen.de\/gretil.htm#RLBuddh.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/gretil.sub.uni-goettingen.de\/gretil.htm#RLBuddh.<\/a>[18]\u7b14\u8005\u5f15\u7528\u7248\u672c\u4e3a\u54e5\u5ef7\u6839\u5927\u5b66\u300a\u8584\u4f3d\u68b5\u5f80\u4e16\u4e66\u300b\u7cbe\u6821\u7248\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0 SB\uff1b\u68b5\u6587\u8f6c\u5199\uff1ajanmau\u1e63adhi tapo mtra yoga siddhaih naretarai\u1e25\/ju\u1e63\u1e6da\u1e43 kinnara gandharvai\u1e25 apsarobhi\u1e25 v\u1e5bta\u1e43 sad\u0101\/\/SB 4.6.9\/\/\uff1b\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\uff08\u51ef\u62c9\u8428\uff09\u5c71\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u82b3\u8349\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u82e6\u4fee\u548c\u5492\u8bed\u800c\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u795e\u4ed9\u5c45\u4f4f\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e7e\u8fbe\u5a46\u88ab\u6b22\u6109\u7684\u91d1\u7ae5\u7389\u5973\u6240\u73af\u7ed5\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">[19]\u6bd7\u8036\u5a11\uff1a\u300a\u6469\u8bc3\u5a46\u7f57\u591a\u300b\uff0c\u91d1\u514b\u6728\u8bd1\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2005\uff0c\u7b2c552\u9875\u3002[20]\u9ec4\u5b9d\u751f\uff1a\u300a\u795e\u8bdd\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u5370\u53e4\u4ee3\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u6bd4\u8f83\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5916\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b2006\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c7\u9875\u3002[21]\u201c\u739b\u7eb3\u8428\u7f57\u6e56\uff08manasarovar\uff09\u201d\u7cfb\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u97f3\u8bd1\u4e4b\u8bcd\uff0c\u57281954\u5e74\u4e2d\u5370\u4e24\u56fd\u5b98\u65b9\u7b7e\u8ba2\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c49\u8bed\u4f5c\u201c\u739b\u7eb3\u8428\u7f57\u74e6\u6e56\u201d\uff1b\u53c2\u89c1\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u6cd5\u5f8b\u53f8\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u8fb9\u754c\u4e8b\u52a1\u6761\u7ea6\u96c6\u300b\uff08\u4e2d\u5370\u00b7\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5377\uff09\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u77e5\u8bc6\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2004\uff0c\u7b2c7\u9875\u3002[22]\u91d1\u514b\u6728\uff1a\u300a\u91d1\u514b\u6728\u96c6\u300b\uff08\u7b2c7\u5377\uff09\uff0c\u65b0\u77e5\u4e09\u8054\u4e66\u5e97\uff0c2011\uff0c\u7b2c162-188\u9875\uff1b<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u68b5\u6587\u8f6c\u5199\uff1av\u0101p\u012b c\u0101smin marakata\u015bil\u0101baddhasop\u0101nam\u0101rg\u0101 haimai\u1e25 sy\u016bt\u0101 kamalamukulai\u1e25 snigdhavai\u1e0d\u016bryan\u0101lai\u1e25 \/yasy\u0101s toye k\u1e5btavasatayo m\u0101nasa\u1e43 sa\u1e43nik\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e6da\u1e43 n\u0101dhy\u0101syanti vyapagata\u015bucas tv\u0101m api prek\u1e63ya ha\u1e43s\u0101\u1e25 \/\/ KMgD-73 \/\/\uff1b<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u7f51\u5740\uff1a<a href=\"http:\/\/gretil.sub.uni-goettingen.de\/gretil.htm#RLBuddh.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/gretil.sub.uni-goettingen.de\/gretil.htm#RLBuddh.<\/a>[23]Alex Mckay,Kailas Histories\uff1arenunciate tradition and construction of Himalaya sacred geography,Leiden\/Boston,Brill,2015,P7.[24]Alex Mckay,Kailas Histories\uff1arenunciate tradition and construction of Himalaya sacred geography,Leiden\/Boston,Brill,2015,P7.[25]Alex Mckay,Kailas Histor<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">ies\uff1arenunciate tradition and construction of Himalaya sacred geography,Leiden\/Boston,Brill,2015,P7.[26]Alex Mckay,Kailas Histories\uff1arenunciate tradition and construction of Himalaya sacred geography,Leiden\/Boston,Brill,2015,P13.[27]Alex Mckay,Kailas Histories\uff1arenunciate tradition and construction of Himalaya sacred geography,Leiden\/Boston,Brill,2015,P275.[28]\u9ec4\u590f\u5e74\uff1a\u300a\u3008\u963f\u8028\u8fbe\u7ecf\u3009\u4e0e\u8bd1\u8005\u53ca\u5176\u6587\u5316\u5185\u6db5\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u9f9f\u5179\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff08\u7b2c\u4e94\u8f91\uff09\uff0c\u65b0\u7586\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2012\uff0c\u7b2c263\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">[29]\u7384\u5958\u3001\u8fa9\u673a\uff1a\u300a\u5927\u5510\u897f\u57df\u8bb0\u300b\uff0c\u5b63\u7fa1\u6797\u7b49\u6821\u6ce8\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c1985\uff0c\u7b2c39\u9875\u3002[30]\u201c\u9887\u80dd\u201d\u5373\u6c34\u6676\u3002[31]\u300a\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u00b7\u957f\u963f\u542b\u7ecf\u00b7\u5377\u5341\u516b\u300bNO.0001\u3002[32]\u4e25\u7965\u6d77\uff1a\u300a\u3008\u4ff1\u820d\u8bba\u00b7\u5206\u522b\u6839\u54c1\u3009\u672c\u9882\u7684\u68b5\u3001\u85cf\u3001\u6c49\u5bf9\u52d8\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u897f\u5317\u6c11\u65cf\u5927\u5b66\u7855\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bba\u6587\uff0c2017\uff0c\u7b2c15\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">[33]P.Pradhan,Abhidharmako\u015babh\u0101\u1e63aya of Vansubandha,Tibetan Sanskrit works Series,vol.4,K.P.Jayaswal Research Institute,Panta,Firsted,1967,p162-163.[34]\u7384\u5958\u3001\u8fa9\u673a\uff1a\u300a\u5927\u5510\u897f\u57df\u8bb0\u300b\uff0c\u5b63\u7fa1\u6797\u7b49\u6821\u6ce8\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c1985\uff0c\u7b2c39\u9875[35]\u201c\u6b91\u4f3d\u201d\u662f\u68b5\u6587Ga\u1e45g\u0101\u7684\u97f3\u8bd1\uff0c\u6b91\u4f3d\u6cb3\u53e4\u8bd1\u4e3a\u6052\u6cb3\u3002[36]\u4fe1\u5ea6\u6cb3\u6765\u81ea\u68b5\u6587Sindhu\uff0c\u4eca\u79f0\u5370\u5ea6\u6cb3\u3002[37]\u7f1a\u520d\u6cb3\uff08Bhasad\uff09\u5373\u53e4\u4ee3\u6c49\u7c4d\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a\u59ab\u6c34\uff08Oxus\uff09\uff0c\u4eca\u4f5c\u963f\u59c6\u6cb3(Amudariya)\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">[38]\u201c\u5f99\u591a\u6cb3\uff08\u015b\u012bt\u0101\uff09\u201d\u68b5\u8bed\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u6e05\u51c9\u201d\uff0c\u81f3\u4e8e\u5f99\u591a\u6cb3\uff08\u015b\u012bt\u0101\uff09\u5177\u4f53\u6307\u7684\u662f\u54ea\u4e00\u6761\u6cb3\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u6089\u591a\u6cb3\u201d\u4e4b\u7531\u6765\uff0c\u516d\u4e16\u73ed\u7985\u6d1b\u6851\u8d1d\u4e39\u76ca\u897f\u7684\u300a\u5723\u5730\u9999\u5df4\u62c9\u6307\u5357\u300b\uff08yul gyi mchog shambhala\u2019i rnam bshad\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u63f4\u5f15\u514b\u73e0\u6770\u7684\u300a\u65f6\u8f6e\u5927\u758f\u300b\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u6089\u591a\u201d\u4e43\u767d\u8272\u4e4b\u610f\uff0c\u56e0\u6cb3\u9762\u8986\u76d6\u7740\u767d\u8272\u6ce1\u6cab\uff0c\u5176\u8272\u6d01\u767d\u5982\u96ea\uff1b\u53c2\u89c1\uff1a\u516d\u4e16\u73ed\u7985\u6d1b\u6851\u8d1d\u4e39\u76ca\u897f\uff1a\u300a\u5723\u5730\u9999\u5df4\u62c9\u6307\u5357\u300b\uff0c\u7941\u7ee7\u5148\u3001\u7941\u6587\u79c0\u8bd1\u6ce8\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2018\uff0c\u7b2c72\u9875\u3002[39]\u897f\u85cf\u963f\u91cc\u7684\u56db\u6761\u6cb3\u6d41\u5206\u522b\u6307\u201c\u8c61\u6cc9\u6cb3\u201d\uff08glang chen kha babs\uff09\u3001\u201c\u72ee\u6cc9\u6cb3\u201d\uff08seng ge kha babs\uff09\u3001\u201c\u9a6c\u6cc9\u6cb3\u201d\uff08rta chu kha babs\uff09\u3001\u201c\u5b54\u96c0\u6cb3\u201d\uff08rma bya kha babs\uff09\uff1b<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u53c2\u89c1\u53e4\u683c\u00b7\u6b21\u4ec1\u52a0\u5e03\uff1a\u300a\u4f20\u5947\u963f\u91cc\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u85cf\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2014\uff0c\u7b2c14-15\u9875\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u5728\u963f\u91cc\u6709\u8c1a\u8bed\u9053\u201c\u8c61\u6cc9\u6cb3\u6d41\u53e4\u683c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53e4\u683c\u5730\u65b9\u5f88\u5bcc\u8db3\uff1b\u5b54\u96c0\u6cb3\u6d41\u666e\u5170\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u666e\u5170\u59d1\u5a18\u5f88\u7f8e\u4e3d\uff1b\u9a6c\u6cc9\u6cb3\u7ecf\u5353\u8bb8\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5353\u8bb8\u9a6c\u5382\u5f88\u6709\u540d\uff1b\u72ee\u6cc9\u6cb3\u6d41\u62c9\u8fbe\u514b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u62c9\u8fbe\u514b\u52c7\u58eb\u6b66\u529f\u9ad8\u201d\u3002[40]\u4e49\u51c0\uff1a\u300a\u5927\u5510\u897f\u57df\u6c42\u6cd5\u9ad8\u50e7\u4f20\u6821\u6ce8\u300b\uff0c\u738b\u90a6\u7ef4\u6821\u6ce8\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c2020\uff0c\u7b2c12-14\u9875\u3002[41]\u5218\u662b\u7b49\u64b0\uff1a\u300a\u65e7\u5510\u4e66\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c1975\uff0c\u7b2c5219-5220\u9875\u3002[42]\u6768\u94ed\uff1a\u300a\u7f8a\u540c\u5730\u671b\u8f91\u8003\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6566\u714c\u5b66\u96c6\u520a\u300b2001\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c92\u9875\u3002[43] \u540c\u7f8e\uff1a\u300a\u8bba\u8fdc\u53e4\u8c61\u96c4\u5341\u516b\u738b\u56fd\u53ca\u5176\u8986\u706d\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6c11\u65cf\u5b66\u520a\u300b2015\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c55-57\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">[44]\u6768\u94ed\uff1a\u300a\u7f8a\u540c\u5730\u671b\u8f91\u8003\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6566\u714c\u5b66\u96c6\u520a\u300b2001\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c89\u9875\u3002[45]\u738b\u68ee\uff1a\u300a\u897f\u85cf\u4f5b\u6559\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2\u7565\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u85cf\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2010\uff0c\u7b2c12\u9875\u3002[46]Alex Mckay,Kailas Histories\uff1arenunciate tradition and construction of Himalaya sacred geography,Leiden\/Boston,Brill,2015,P13.[47] \u624d\u8ba9\u592a\u3001\u987f\u73e0\u62c9\u6770\uff1a\u300a\u82ef\u6559\u53f2\u7eb2\u8981\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u85cf\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2012\uff0c\u7b2c27\u9875\u3002[48] \u590f\u5bdf\u00b7\u624e\u897f\u575a\u8d5e\u300a\u897f\u85cf\u82ef\u6559\u6e90\u6d41\u300b\uff08\u85cf\u6587\uff09\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u6c11\u65cf\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1985\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c10\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">[49] \u540c\u7f8e\uff1a\u300a\u591a\u7ef4\u89c6\u91ce\u4e0b\u897f\u85cf\u672c\u6559\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u56db\u5ddd\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5\u300b2011\u5e74\u7b2c6\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c46\u9875\u3002[50]\u624d\u8ba9\u592a\u3001\u987f\u73e0\u62c9\u6770\uff1a\u300a\u82ef\u6559\u53f2\u7eb2\u8981\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u85cf\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2012\uff0c\u7b2c27\u9875\u3002[51]\u9648\u8df5\u3001\u738b\u5c27\uff1a\u300a\u5410\u8543\u6587\u732e\u9009\u8bfb\u300b\uff0c\u56db\u5ddd\u6c11\u65cf\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2003\uff0c\u7b2c126\u9875\u3002[52]\u540c\u7f8e\uff1a\u300a\u8bba\u85cf\u5370\u6587\u5316\u89c6\u91ce\u4e0b\u7684\u5188\u5e95\u65af\u5c71\u5d07\u62dc\u53ca\u5176\u7279\u70b9\u2014\u2014\u5188\u5e95\u65af\u5d07\u62dc\u9a6c\u5e74\u7eaa\u5ff5\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u85cf\u5b66\u300b2015\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c358\u9875\u3002[53] Alex Mckay,Kailas Histories\uff1arenunciate tradition and construction of Himalaya sacred geography,Leiden\/Boston,Brill,2015,P15.[54] \u59dc\u79cb\u971e\u3001\u5f20\u67cf\u7136\uff1a\u300a\u662f\u7b49\u503c\u521b\u9020\u8fd8\u662f\u518d\u521b\u9020\uff1f<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 1.05em;\">\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5916\u8bed\u6559\u5b66\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u300b1996\u5e74\u7b2c4\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c53\u9875\u3002[55]\u3014\u65e5\u3015\u698a\u4eae\u4e09\u90ce\uff1a\u300a\u68b5\u85cf\u6c49\u548c\u56db\u8bd1\u5bf9\u6821\u7ffb\u8bd1\u540d\u4e49\u5927\u96c6\u300b\uff0c\u4eac\u90fd\u6587\u79d1\u5927\u5b66\u85cf\u7248\uff0c1983\uff0c\u7b2c107\u9875\uff1b\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c1389\u6761\u3002[56]\u3014\u65e5\u3015\u698a\u4eae\u4e09\u90ce\uff1a\u300a\u68b5\u85cf\u6c49\u548c\u56db\u8bd1\u5bf9\u6821\u7ffb\u8bd1\u540d\u4e49\u5927\u96c6\u300b\uff0c\u4eac\u90fd\u6587\u79d1\u5927\u5b66\u85cf\u7248\uff0c1983\uff0c\u7b2c280\u9875\uff1b\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c4153\u6761\u3002[57] 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