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\u5730\u7f18\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u5bb6\u628a\u201c\u4e2d\u95f4\u5730\u5e26\u201d\u770b\u6210\u662f\u7279\u5b9a\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u5982\u6b27\u4e9a\u5927\u9646\u3001\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u3001\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u6d0b\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u751a\u81f3\u628a\u5370\u5ea6\u6d0b\u548c\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u89c6\u4e3a\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u638c\u63a7\u7684\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ea\u8981\u638c\u63a7\u4e86\u67d0\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b88\u4f4f\u4e16\u754c\u9738\u6743\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0d\u65ad\u5728\u4e1c\u6d77\u3001\u53f0\u6d77\u548c\u5357\u6d77\u7b49\u533a\u57df\u5236\u9020\u4e8b\u7aef\u4e5f\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u5176\u9996\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u5730\u7f18\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u4e2d\u95f4\u533a\u57df\u4e89\u593a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7531\u6765\u5df2\u4e45\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u9a6c\u6c49\uff08Alfred Mahan\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u6d77\u6743\u8bf4\u201d\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5927\u56fd\u201c\u53ea\u6709\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u6d77\u6d0b\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u63a7\u5236\u4e16\u754c\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63a7\u5236\u4e16\u754c\u201d\u3002\u9a6c\u6c49\u662f\u5728\u603b\u7ed3\u5927\u822a\u6d77\u65f6\u4ee3\u5230\u6765\u540e\u6d77\u6d0b\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u56fd\u5bb6\u593a\u53d6\u56fd\u9645\u9738\u6743\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\u5e7f\u9614\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u5fc5\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u79f0\u9738\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u201c\u4e2d\u95f4\u5730\u5e26\u201d\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u62e5\u6709\u4e24\u6d0b\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u5b83\u4ece\u7f8e\u897f\u6218\u4e89\u540e\u4fbf\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u5916\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u9664\u519b\u4e8b\u4e0a\u5f3a\u884c\u8fdb\u5165\u67d0\u4e9b\u201c\u4e2d\u95f4\u5730\u5e26\u201d\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5229\u7528\u8d38\u6613\u624b\u6bb5\u6765\u5f3a\u5316\u5bf9\u5176\u7684\u6e17\u900f\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u901a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u5316\u4e24\u6d0b\u63a7\u5236\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u62d3\u5c55\u5176\u52bf\u529b\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u89c6\u6d77\u6d0b\u8fd9\u4e00\u56fd\u9645\u516c\u5171\u533a\u57df\u4e3a\u81ea\u5bb6\u540e\u9662\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u5982\u82cf\u8054\u4e89\u593a\u5927\u6d0b\u4e3b\u5bfc\u6743\u7684\u4f01\u56fe\u5747\u4e3a\u201c\u6311\u6218\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u638c\u63a7\u6d77\u4e0a\u4ea4\u901a\u7ebf\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u6216\u6270\u4e71\u5bf9\u624b\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6839\u672c\u6d3b\u52a8\u529b\u201d\u3002\u800c\u82f1\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u9ea6\u91d1\u5fb7\uff08Halford Mackinder)1919\u5e74\u5728\u300a\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u5fc3\u810f\u8bf4\u201d\uff0c\u5c06\u6b27\u4e9a\u8179\u5730\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e94\u5f53\u4e89\u593a\u7684\u201c\u5fc3\u810f\u5730\u5e26\u201d\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u8c01\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e86\u4e1c\u6b27\u4fbf\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u2018\u5fc3\u810f\u5730\u5e26\u2019\uff0c\u8c01\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u2018\u5fc3\u810f\u5730\u5e26\u2019\uff0c\u8c01\u4fbf\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u2018\u4e16\u754c\u5c9b\u2019\uff0c\u8c01\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u2018\u4e16\u754c\u5c9b\u2019\uff0c\u8c01\u4fbf\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201d\u8fd9\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u540e\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u94c1\u8def\u8fd0\u8f93\u7b49\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u62d3\u5c55\u751f\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u3002\u4e8c\u6218\u7206\u53d1\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u65af\u76ae\u514b\u66fc\uff08Nicholas Spykman\uff09\u51fa\u7248\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u6218\u7565\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0e\u6743\u529b\u5e73\u8861\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f01\u56fe\u4ee5\u6d77\u6d0b\u963b\u654c\u7684\u5b64\u7acb\u653f\u7b56\u5fc5\u8d25\u3002\u4ed6\u53bb\u4e16\u4e00\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u548c\u5e73\u5730\u7406\u300b\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u8fb9\u7f18\u8bf4\u201d\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6b27\u4e9a\u5927\u9646\u201c\u8fb9\u7f18\u5730\u5e26\u201d\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u548c\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\u624d\u662f\u201c\u4e89\u593a\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5173\u952e\u201d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u517c\u5177\u6d77\u9646\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5730\u5e26\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u533a\u57df\u662f\u6d77\u9646\u5f3a\u6743\u6218\u7565\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u201c\u5de8\u5927\u7f13\u51b2\u5730\u5e26\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5fc5\u987b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u91cd\u89c6\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5730\u5e26\u30021946\u5e743\u67085\u65e5\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u9996\u76f8\u6e29\u65af\u987f\u00b7\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bcc\u5c14\u987f\u57ce\u53d1\u8868\u201c\u94c1\u5e55\u201d\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u5212\u51fa\u4e24\u5927\u5bf9\u7acb\u96c6\u56e2\u5e94\u5f53\u5fd7\u5728\u5fc5\u4e89\u7684\u201c\u4e2d\u95f4\u5730\u5e26\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

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1946\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5728\u4f1a\u89c1\u7f8e\u56fd\u8bb0\u8005\u5b89\u5a1c\u00b7\u65af\u7279\u6717\uff08Anna Strong\uff09\u65f6\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u5230\u201c\u4e2d\u95f4\u5730\u5e26\u201d\uff1a\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u82cf\u8054\u4e2d\u95f4\u9694\u7740\u6781\u5176\u8fbd\u9614\u7684\u5730\u5e26\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u6b27\u3001\u4e9a\u3001\u975e\u4e09\u6d32\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u3001\u534a\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u201d1954\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u89e3\u91ca\u201c\u4e2d\u95f4\u5730\u5e26\u201d\u4e3a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u4e2d\u82cf\u95f4\u201c\u4ece\u65e5\u672c\u5230\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e2d\u95f4\u5730\u6bb5\u201d\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u5e7f\u5927\u4e2d\u95f4\u5730\u5e26\u4eba\u6c11\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u6269\u5f20\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u662f\u5ef6\u7f13\u3001\u963b\u6b62\u4ee5\u7f8e\u82cf\u4e3a\u9996\u7684\u4e24\u6781\u53d1\u52a8\u4e16\u754c\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u5173\u952e\u56e0\u7d20\u201d\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u9635\u8425\u51fa\u73b0\u88c2\u75d5\u540e\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u53c8\u5c06\u201c\u4e2d\u95f4\u5730\u5e26\u201d\u56fd\u5bb6\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u7c7b\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e24\u4e2a\u201c\u4e2d\u95f4\u5730\u5e26\u201d\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff1a\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u6307\u4e9a\u6d32\u3001\u975e\u6d32\u548c\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u5e7f\u5927\u7ecf\u6d4e\u843d\u540e\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff1b<\/p>\n

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2020\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u675c\u7279\u5c14\u7279\u653f\u5e9c\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u8be5\u534f\u8bae\u4e0a\u505a\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u5148\u4e0b\u4ee4\u7ec8\u6b62\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u540e\u63a8\u8fdf\u7ec8\u6b62\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e3e\u63aa\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5f85\u4e2d\u7f8e\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u4e2d\u7f8e\u4e24\u56fd\u95f4\u4fdd\u6301\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5728\u5927\u56fd\u6218\u7565\u7ade\u4e89\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u5229\u76ca\u6700\u5927\u5316\u30028\u6708\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u526f\u603b\u7edf\u54c8\u91cc\u65af\uff08Kamala Harris\uff09\u8bbf\u95ee\u8d8a\u5357\u548c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u63d0\u51fa\u5c06\u7f8e\u8d8a\u4e24\u56fd2013\u5e74\u8fbe\u6210\u7684\u5168\u9762\u4f19\u4f34\u5173\u7cfb\u63d0\u5347\u81f3\u6218\u7565\u4f19\u4f34\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u62dc\u767b\u548c\u54c8\u91cc\u65af\u628a\u91cd\u5efa\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0e\u5168\u7403\u4f19\u4f34\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u786e\u4fdd\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9996\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u54c8\u91cc\u65af\u5bf9\u8d8a\u5357\u548c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c31\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u6b64\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e0e\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u9ad8\u5b98\u5982\u6b64\u9891\u7e41\u51fa\u8bbf\u4e1c\u76df\u90fd\u662f\u7cbe\u5fc3\u5b89\u6392\u7684\u884c\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

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